Journal

Elder

July 2, 2026 · Omnia Sana
Sambucus nigra
Family: Adoxaceae  ·  Parts used: Flower, Fruit  ·  Also known as: elderberry, black elderberry, European elder, common elder, elderflower (NCCIH

Key actions

Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantAntiviral

Traditional & clinical uses, by strength of evidence

  • Cold & fluGood
  • Respiratory supportGood
  • Arthritis / joint painModerate
  • Infection (general)Moderate
  • Inflammation (general)Moderate
  • Skin irritationModerate

Selected studies & references

ReviewBlack elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials (2018)
ReviewAn evidence-based systematic review of elderberry and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (2014)
RctRandomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections (2004)
PreclinicalEffect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Extract Intake on Normalizing Testosterone Concentration in Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome Rat Model Through Regulation of 17beta-HSD, 5alpha-Reductase, and CYP19A1 Expression (2024)
PreclinicalBioactive Potential of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Bioaccessibility and Prebiotic Potential (2023)
PreclinicalElderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts promote anti-inflammatory and cellular antioxidant activity (2022)
TraditionalAre the Effects of Bioactive Components on Human Health a Myth?: Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) from Exotic Fruits (2024)
TraditionalElderberry, an Ancient Remedy: A Comprehensive Study of the Bioactive Compounds in Three Sambucus nigra L. Subspecies (2024)

All 13 studies in the Knowledge Finder →

Educational use only. This profile summarises traditional and scientific sources for reference. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for a qualified practitioner. Some plants carry safety cautions and drug interactions — always check before use.

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