Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Yarrow vs Pot marigold
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants - every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Yarrow and Pot marigold: both belong to the Asteraceae family; they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bruising, cancer (anticancer research), …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off - shared uses
| Condition | Yarrow | Pot marigold | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Bruising | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Pot marigold |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Pot marigold |
| Infection (general) | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Pot marigold |
| Inflammation (general) | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Pot marigold |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Pot marigold |
| Wounds | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Pot marigold |
Evidence scores (1-10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Chamazulene (blue colour), sabinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor and alpha-bisabolol.
Antioxidant and antispasmodic flavonoids.
Contribute to anti-inflammatory and astringent activity.
Compounds traditionally linked to the haemostatic (styptic) effect.
Principal wound-healing and anti-inflammatory constituents of the flower.
Antioxidant flavonoids and carotenoids give the flower its orange-yellow colour and contribute to its antioxidant activity.
Minor aromatic and resinous constituents of the flower head.
Pharmacological Actions
Preclinical antiproliferative activity of yarrow flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids (e.g. centaureidin, casticin) against human tumour cell lines.
Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)
Calendula officinalis extracts show cytotoxic antitumor, pro-apoptotic and antimetastatic activity across many cancer cell lines and in animal models (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from bitter-tonic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from digestive action
inferred from vulnerary action
Antiproliferative activity of Achillea millefolium extracts and constituents (centaureidin, casticin) against HeLa, MCF-7 and A431 cancer cell lines (preclinical).
Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)
Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)
inferred from styptic action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
A Calendula officinalis (LACE) aqueous extract inhibits proliferation (70-100%) of leukemia, melanoma, breast, prostate, lung and colon cancer cell lines via G0/G1 arrest and caspase-3 apoptosis and inhibits melanoma growth in nude mice; a systematic review documents its cytotoxic and antimetastatic antitumour activity (preclinical).
inferred from emollient action
inferred from antifungal action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally very safe. Rarely causes contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (sesquiterpene lactones, same Asteraceae family). Avoid high doses during pregnancy (emmenagogue at large doses). May increase photosensitivity. Allergic reactions uncommon but possible in those sensitive to Asteraceae plants.
Duke (2002) rates yarrow as ++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic, aperitif, and astringent activities, consistent with Commission E (KOM) approval for loss of appetite and dyspeptic ailments. Yarrow contains achillin, achilleic acid, and apigenin - compounds with anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties. Traditional use for wound healing, fever management, and digestive complaints is well-supported. Dose: 2–4 g dried herb as tea three times daily. Caution: yarrow belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; rare contact dermatitis from sesquiterpene lactones has been reported. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue effects (Duke, 2002).
As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) it can cause allergic reactions or contact dermatitis in sensitive people, and handling the fresh plant in sunlight can occasionally cause photosensitivity.
Medicinal use is traditionally avoided in pregnancy (can stimulate the uterus and influence menstruation); caution while breastfeeding.
May interact with anticoagulant, sedative and blood-pressure medications and with drugs metabolised by the liver; seek professional advice if on regular medication.
Correct identification is essential, as several poisonous white-flowered umbellifers can be confused with yarrow; clinical evidence in humans is limited.
Generally very safe for topical use. May cause contact dermatitis in rare cases (Asteraceae family allergy). Internal use is safe in normal doses. Avoid during pregnancy at therapeutic doses (uterine stimulant potential). Generally safe during breastfeeding for topical use.
Duke (2002) rates calendula (Calendula officinalis) and notes anti-inflammatory, wound-healing (vulnerary), antifungal, and antispasmodic activities at experimental levels. Commission E (KOM) approves calendula flower for wound healing and anti-inflammatory uses, both topically and as a gargle. The plant contains flavonoids, triterpene saponins (oleanolic acid glycosides), and essential oils. Dose: 1–2 g dried flower as tea (for mouth rinse/gargle); or as cream/ointment containing 2–5% calendula extract for topical use. Duke notes that calendula is generally very well-tolerated, though Asteraceae sensitivity can occasionally cause allergic reactions (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Aromatic, rhizomatous perennial herb with erect, grooved, softly hairy stems arising in clumps from a creeping rootstock. The leaves are alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments, giving the whole plant a soft, fern-like texture (hence 'millefolium', thousand-leaved). Numerous small white to pale-pink flower heads are borne in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs at the stem tips. The plant has a sweet, herbaceous, slightly medicinal aroma when crushed.[12]
Aromatic annual or short-lived perennial herb with soft, hairy, oblong leaves and branching, slightly sticky stems. The flower heads are bright orange to yellow, daisy-like, with numerous narrow ray florets surrounding a darker central disc, opening in sunlight and closing at dusk.[1]
Habitat
A common plant of grassland, meadows, roadsides, pastures and waste ground on a wide range of soils; native throughout Europe and temperate Asia and now naturalised across North America, Australia and New Zealand.[12]
Widely cultivated as a garden and medicinal plant; believed native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean, now naturalised in gardens and waste ground worldwide.[1]
Harvesting
The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut as the flat-topped corymbs open, in mid- to late summer, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the essential oil and colour.[12]
The flower heads (or just the ray-floret petals) are picked by hand as they open, through the flowering season, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve colour and resin content.[1]
Harvest Readiness
[12]
Traditional Uses
Yarrow has an ancient reputation as a wound herb (its old name 'staunchweed' and its association with Achilles reflect traditional use to stop bleeding and heal wounds) and as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic remedy for feverish colds, spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, hepatobiliary disorders and gynaecological complaints. The flowering herb is classically taken as a hot infusion at the onset of a cold or fever to promote sweating, and used as a bitter tonic to stimulate appetite and digestion.[2, 12]
Calendula flower is one of the most widely used topical wound-healing and skin-soothing herbs in Western herbal medicine, applied to cuts, grazes, minor burns and skin inflammation, and used internally as a gentle anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial remedy and as a gargle for mouth and throat irritation.[1]
Preparations
Dried flowering herb infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic tea, traditionally taken hot at the onset of colds and fevers.
Tincture of the herb, ethanol 45% V/V, 2-4 ml three times daily. The EU herbal monograph gives the ethanol strength but states no drug-extract ratio, so no 1:5 ratio is claimed here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Fresh crushed leaf or flowering tops applied directly to minor cuts and wounds, reflecting the traditional styptic (bleeding-stopping) and vulnerary use.
Steam-distilled from the flowering tops; the chamazulene-rich blue oil is used in low dilution for its anti-inflammatory action.
Dried petals infused in a carrier oil, used as a soothing base for topical creams and balms for skin healing.
Standardised flower extract formulated into a cream or ointment for topical wound and skin care; the best-studied modern form.
Dried flower infused in hot water, 1-2 g in 150 ml, used still warm as a mouth rinse or gargle 2-4 times daily. The EU herbal monograph's posology for this preparation is OROMUCOSAL only - it does not support taking the infusion internally. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Dosage
The EU herbal monograph gives 1.5-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150-250 mL of boiling water as an infusion, three or four times daily between meals; for loss of appetite the liquid preparations are taken 30 minutes before meals. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph gives 2-4 mL three times daily in adolescents, adults and elderly. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph gives semi-solid preparations containing the equivalent of 2-10% herbal substance, applied as a thin layer to the affected area 2 to 4 times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph gives 1-2 g of the flower in 150 mL water as an infusion, used still warm for rinsing and gargling 2 to 4 times daily, or to prepare impregnated dressings for the skin. This is an oromucosal and cutaneous preparation, not an oral tea. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
- Farasati Far, B., Behzad, G. and Khalili, H (2023) 'Achillea millefolium: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability', Heliyon, 9(12), pp. e22841. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 - Akram, M (2013) 'Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn', The Journal of Membrane Biology, 246(9), pp. 661-663. doi:10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x - Benedek, B. and Kopp, B (2007) 'Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use', Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 157(13-14), pp. 312-314. doi:10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 - Li, H., Li, J., Liu, M., Xie, R., Zang, Y., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2021) 'Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L', Phytochemistry, 186, pp. 112733. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 - Li, H., Liu, L., Gou, G., Xin, X., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolides from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 210, pp. 113647. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 - Li, H., Akber Aisa, H. and Li, J (2023) 'Germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(4), pp. e202300079. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300079 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300079 - Li, H., Xu, N., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 216, pp. 113894. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 - Huang, X., Xu, N., Liu, Z., Li, H., Lu, H. and Li, J (2024) 'Chemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(8), pp. e202400946. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202400946 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202400946 - Alomair, M.K., Alabduladheem, L.S., Almajed, M.A., Alobaid, A.A., Alkhalifah, E.A.R., Younis, N.S. and Mohamed, M.E (2022) 'Achillea millefolium essential oil mitigates peptic ulcer in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway', Molecules, 27(22), pp. 7908. doi:10.3390/molecules27227908 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227908 - Bagheri, A., Amin, G., Tavangar, S.M., Heidari, M. and Bagheri, J (2024) 'Safety and hemostatic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in localized bleeding', Hepatology Forum, 5(1), pp. 25-27. doi:10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041 - Ayoobi, F., Shamsizadeh, A., Fatemi, I., Vakilian, A., Allahtavakoli, M., Hassanshahi, G. and Moghadam-Ahmadi, A (2017) 'Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders - a review', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(6), pp. 604-612. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827 - Ali, S.I., Gopalakrishnan, B. and Venkatesalu, V (2017) 'Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review', 31(8), pp. 1140--1161. doi:10.1002/ptr.5840 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840 - Grieve, M (1931) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) — A Modern Herbal'. Available at: https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/y/yarrow02.html Traditional / reference
https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/y/yarrow02.html - Felter, H. W. and Lloyd, J. U (1898) 'Millefolium (Achillea millefolium) — King's American Dispensatory'. Available at: https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/achillea.html Traditional / reference
https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/achillea.html - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2019) 'European Union herbal monograph on Achillea millefolium L., herba, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf - Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/ - Applequist, W.L. and Moerman, D.E (2011) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.): a neglected panacea?', 65(2), pp. 209--225. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yarrow%20%28Achillea%20millefolium%20L.%29%3A%20a%20neglected%20panacea%3F - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Villanueva-Bermejo, D. et al (2017) 'Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Achillea millefolium', pp. 469--476. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chemical%20composition%20and%20antioxidant%20activity%20of%20Achillea%20millefolium - Csupor-Loffler, B. and Hajdu, Z. and Zupko, I. and Rethy, B. and Falkay, G. and Forgo, P. and Hohmann, J (2009) 'Antiproliferative effect of flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids from Achillea millefolium s.l. on cultured human tumour cell lines', Phytotherapy Research, 23(5), pp. 672-676. doi:10.1002/ptr.2697 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2697 - Papakosta, K. and Grafakou, M.-E. and Barda, C. and Kostopoulos, I.V. and Tsitsilonis, O. and Skaltsa, H (2020) 'Cytotoxicity and Anti-cancer Activity of the Genus Achillea L', Current Medicinal Chemistry, 27(41), pp. 6910-6925. doi:10.2174/0929867327666200505092514 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200505092514 - Sacred Plant Co (2025) 'Yarrow: The Warrior'. Available at: https://sacredplantco.com/blogs/natures-pharmacy-exploring-the-historical-uses-and-health-benefits-of-medicinal-herbs/the-warrior-s-herb-that-bridged-ancient-legends-and-modern-wound-care Traditional / reference
https://sacredplantco.com/blogs/natures-pharmacy-exploring-the-historical-uses-and-health-benefits-of-medicinal-herbs/the-warrior-s-herb-that-bridged-ancient-legends-and-modern-wound-care - Hemmati, A.A., Arzi, A. and Amin, M (2002) 'Effect of Achillea millefolium extract in wound healing of rabbit', 2(2), pp. 164--167. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effect%20of%20Achillea%20millefolium%20extract%20in%20wound%20healing%20of%20rabbit - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - First Nature (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium, Yarrow: identification, distribution, habitat'. Available at: https://www.first-nature.com/flowers/achillea-millefolium.php Traditional / reference
https://www.first-nature.com/flowers/achillea-millefolium.php - Jenabi, E. and Fereidoony, B (2015) 'Effect of Achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind randomized clinical trial', 28(5), pp. 402--404. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.008 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.008 - Joybilee Farm (n.d.) 'How to Stop Bleeding with Yarrow Styptic'. Available at: https://joybileefarm.com/how-to-stop-bleeding-yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://joybileefarm.com/how-to-stop-bleeding-yarrow/ - North Carolina Extension (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium'. Available at: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/achillea-millefolium/ Traditional / reference
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/achillea-millefolium/ - Northwest School of Aromatic Medicine (2026) 'Yarrow in Herbal & Aromatic Medicine: History, Uses, and Energetics'. Available at: https://aromaticmedicineschool.com/yarrow-herbal-medicine-history-uses-energetics/ Traditional / reference
https://aromaticmedicineschool.com/yarrow-herbal-medicine-history-uses-energetics/ - Plant Reference (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium (common yarrow) - Identification & Care Guide'. Available at: https://www.plantref.org/plants/achillea-millefolium Traditional / reference
https://www.plantref.org/plants/achillea-millefolium - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:181164-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:181164-1 - Royal Horticultural Society (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium (common yarrow)'. Available at: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/311/achillea-millefolium/details Traditional / reference
https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/311/achillea-millefolium/details - The Wildlife Trusts (n.d.). Available at: https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/wildflowers/yarrow Traditional / reference
https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/wildflowers/yarrow - United States Forest Service (n.d.) 'Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)'. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/achillea_millefolium.shtml Traditional / reference
https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/achillea_millefolium.shtml - Grow Forage Cook Ferment 'Foraging Yarrow: Identification, Look-alikes, and Uses'. Available at: https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-for-yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-for-yarrow/ - Dayan, A.D (2024) 'Death of Socrates: a likely case of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning', Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 62(1), pp. 56-60. doi:10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 - King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock
- Givol, O., Kornhaber, R., Visentin, D., Cleary, M. et al (2019) 'A systematic review of Calendula officinalis extract for wound healing', Wound Repair and Regeneration, 27(5), pp. 548-561. doi:10.1111/wrr.12737 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12737 - Shahane, K., Kshirsagar, M., Tambe, S., Jain, D. et al (2023) 'An Updated Review on the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Calendula officinalis L', Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 16(4), pp. 611. doi:10.3390/ph16040611 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040611 - Saffari, E., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Adibpour, M., Mirghafourvand, M. et al (2016) 'Comparing the effects of Calendula officinalis and clotrimazole on vaginal Candidiasis: A randomized controlled trial', Women & Health, 57(10), pp. 1145-1160. doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1263272 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2016.1263272 - Cruceriu, D., Balacescu, O. and Rakosy, E (2018) 'Calendula officinalis: potential roles in cancer treatment and palliative care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 17(4), pp. 1068-1078. doi:10.1177/1534735418803766 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735418803766 - Rezai, S., Rahzani, K., Hekmatpou, D. and Rostami, A (2023) 'Effect of oral Calendula officinalis on second-degree burn wound healing', Scars, Burns & Healing, 9, pp. 20595131221134053. doi:10.1177/20595131221134053 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1177/20595131221134053 - Kadowaki, W., Miyata, R., Mizuno, S., Fujinami, M., Sato, Y. and Kumazawa, S (2023) 'Prenylated acetophenones from the roots of Calendula officinalis and their anti-inflammatory activity', Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 87(7), pp. 683-687. doi:10.1093/bbb/zbad042 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbad042 - Samra, R.M., Maatooq, G.T. and Zaki, A.A (2022) 'A new antiprotozoal compound from Calendula officinalis', Natural Product Research, 36(22), pp. 5747-5752. doi:10.1080/14786419.2021.2023868 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.2023868 - Kaur, J., Sidhu, S., Chopra, K. and Khan, M.U (2016) 'Calendula officinalis ameliorates l-arginine-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats', Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12), pp. 2951-2959. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1195848 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1195848 - Aro, A.A., Perez, M.O., Vieira, C.P., Esquisatto, M.A.M., Rodrigues, R.A.F., Gomes, L. and Pimentel, E.R (2014) 'Effect of Calendula officinalis cream on achilles tendon healing', Anatomical Record, 298(2), pp. 428-435. doi:10.1002/ar.23057 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23057 - Zhang, X., Wang, R., Finiuk, N., Stoika, R., Lin, H., Wang, X. and Jin, M (2023) 'Active compounds from Calendula officinalis flowers act via PI3K and ERK signaling pathways to offer neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease', Food Science & Nutrition, 12(1), pp. 450-458. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3792 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3792 - Kadowaki, W., Miyata, R., Fujinami, M., Sato, Y. and Kumazawa, S (2023) 'Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors from Calendula officinalis leaf', Molecules, 28(3), pp. 1333. doi:10.3390/molecules28031333 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031333 - Fern, Ken 'Calendula officinalis (Pot Marigold) — Useful Temperate Plants'. Available at: https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Calendula+officinalis Traditional / reference
https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Calendula+officinalis - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2018) 'European Union herbal monograph on Calendula officinalis L., flos, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-calendula-officinalis-l-flos-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-calendula-officinalis-l-flos-revision-1_en.pdf - Hoffmann, D (2003) 'Medical Herbalism'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Medical%20Herbalism - Nicolaus, C. et al (2017) 'A double-blind, randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a monograph-based Calendula cream versus a comparator cream', 35(1), pp. 81--89. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20double-blind%2C%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20to%20investigate%20the%20efficacy%20and%20safety%20of%20a%20monograph-based%20Calendula%20cream%20versus%20a%20comparator%20cream - Preethi, K.C. and Kuttan, R (2009) 'Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis', 20(1), pp. 73--79. doi:10.1515/jbcpp.2009.20.1.73 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp.2009.20.1.73 - Jimenez-Medina, E. and Garcia-Lora, A. and Paco, L. and Algarra, I. and Collado, A. and Garrido, F (2006) 'A new extract of the plant Calendula officinalis produces a dual in vitro effect: cytotoxic anti-tumor activity and lymphocyte activation', BMC Cancer, 6, pp. 119. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-119 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-119 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only - not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.