Plant Profile

Yarrow

Compiled by the Omnia Sana editorial team from the plant database ·Last updated August 14, 2026

Achillea millefolium

Family: Asteraceae · Parts used: Flower, Leaf, Stem · Also known as: common yarrow, milfoil, soldiers' woundwort

The complete database record: 4 documented constituents, 12 pharmacological actions, 19 traditional / indicated uses, with 37 cited sources.

Botanical Description

Aromatic, rhizomatous perennial herb with erect, grooved, softly hairy stems arising in clumps from a creeping rootstock. The leaves are alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments, giving the whole plant a soft, fern-like texture (hence 'millefolium', thousand-leaved). Numerous small white to pale-pink flower heads are borne in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs at the stem tips. The plant has a sweet, herbaceous, slightly medicinal aroma when crushed.^[12]

Height: 20-100 cm (occasionally to 1 m)

Habit: Erect, rhizomatous, mat-forming perennial herb

Leaves: Alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments; aromatic when crushed

Flowers: Small white to pale pink flower heads in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs

Stem: Erect, grooved, softly hairy/woolly, plain green (never purple-blotched)

Root: Creeping, fibrous rhizome

Fruit: Small flattened achenes without pappus

Flowering Period: June-September

Habitat & Distribution

A common plant of grassland, meadows, roadsides, pastures and waste ground on a wide range of soils; native throughout Europe and temperate Asia and now naturalised across North America, Australia and New Zealand.^[12]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut as the flat-topped corymbs open, in mid- to late summer, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the essential oil and colour.^[12]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem

Season: Summer, at full flower (June-September)

Key Constituents

Essential oil (mono- and sesquiterpenes)^[12]

Chamazulene (blue colour), sabinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor and alpha-bisabolol.

SesquiterpenesEssential (volatile) oilChamazuleneAlpha-bisabololCamphor1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol)

Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, rutin, quercetin)^[12]

Antioxidant and antispasmodic flavonoids.

FlavonoidsQuercetinApigeninLuteolinRutin

Sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids, tannins and coumarins^[12]

Contribute to anti-inflammatory and astringent activity.

Sesquiterpene lactonesPhenolic acidsSesquiterpenesCoumarinsTannins

Betonicine and achilleine^[12]

Compounds traditionally linked to the haemostatic (styptic) effect.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[12, 20, 21]}

Preclinical antiproliferative activity of yarrow flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids (e.g. centaureidin, casticin) against human tumour cell lines.

Antimicrobial^{[17, 18, 19]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 9, 11, 17, 18, 19]}

Antispasmodic^{[3, 17, 18, 19]}

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Astringent^{[12, 16]}

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic^{[12, 16]}

Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)

Diaphoretic^{[12, 16]}

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Digestive aid^{[2, 9, 12, 16]}

Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)

Diuretic^{[17, 18, 19]}

Styptic / haemostatic^{[10, 12, 16, 22]}

Styptic / haemostatic (slows bleeding from minor cuts)

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[12, 17, 18, 19, 23]}

Vulnerary (wound healing)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Loss of appetite^{[12, 16]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Loss of appetite

more plants for loss of appetite →detailed sources →

Arthritis / joint pain^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

more plants for arthritis / joint pain →detailed sources →

Bloating^{[12, 16]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

more plants for bloating →detailed sources →

Bruising^{[12, 17, 18, 19, 23]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bruising

more plants for bruising →detailed sources →

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[12, 20, 21]}Preliminary · 2/10

Antiproliferative activity of Achillea millefolium extracts and constituents (centaureidin, casticin) against HeLa, MCF-7 and A431 cancer cell lines (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

more plants for cancer (anticancer research) →detailed sources →

Cold & flu^{[12, 16]}Preliminary · 1/10

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Evidence: 1

Label: Cold & flu

more plants for cold & flu →detailed sources →

Diarrhoea^{[12, 16]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 1

Label: Diarrhoea

more plants for diarrhoea →detailed sources →

Fever^{[12, 16]}Preliminary · 1/10

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Evidence: 1

Label: Fever

more plants for fever →detailed sources →

Heavy menstrual bleeding^{[12, 16, 22]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from styptic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Heavy menstrual bleeding

more plants for heavy menstrual bleeding →detailed sources →

Indigestion^{[12, 16]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

more plants for indigestion →detailed sources →

Infection (general)^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

more plants for infection (general) →detailed sources →

Inflammation (general)^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →

Menstrual cramps^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Menstrual cramps

more plants for menstrual cramps →detailed sources →

Muscle spasm^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Muscle spasm

more plants for muscle spasm →detailed sources →

Skin irritation^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →

Swelling / fluid retention^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

more plants for swelling / fluid retention →detailed sources →

Urinary support^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Urinary support

more plants for urinary support →detailed sources →

Urinary tract infection (UTI)^{[17, 18, 19]}Preliminary · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

more plants for urinary tract infection (uti) →detailed sources →

Wounds^{[12, 16, 22]}Preliminary · 1/10

Styptic / haemostatic (slows bleeding from minor cuts)

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

more plants for wounds →detailed sources →

Traditional Use & History

Yarrow has an ancient reputation as a wound herb (its old name 'staunchweed' and its association with Achilles reflect traditional use to stop bleeding and heal wounds) and as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic remedy for feverish colds, spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, hepatobiliary disorders and gynaecological complaints. The flowering herb is classically taken as a hot infusion at the onset of a cold or fever to promote sweating, and used as a bitter tonic to stimulate appetite and digestion.^{[2, 12]}

Preparations

Infusion^[12]

Dried flowering herb infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic tea, traditionally taken hot at the onset of colds and fevers.

Tincture^[15]

Tincture of the herb, ethanol 45% V/V, 2-4 ml three times daily. The EU herbal monograph gives the ethanol strength but states no drug-extract ratio, so no 1:5 ratio is claimed here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Poultice/compress^{[10, 12]}

Fresh crushed leaf or flowering tops applied directly to minor cuts and wounds, reflecting the traditional styptic (bleeding-stopping) and vulnerary use.

Essential oil^[12]

Steam-distilled from the flowering tops; the chamazulene-rich blue oil is used in low dilution for its anti-inflammatory action.

Dosage

Dried herb infusion^{[15, 16]}

The EU herbal monograph gives 1.5-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150-250 mL of boiling water as an infusion, three or four times daily between meals; for loss of appetite the liquid preparations are taken 30 minutes before meals. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Tincture (ethanol 45% V/V)^[15]

The EU herbal monograph gives 2-4 mL three times daily in adolescents, adults and elderly. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[17, 18, 19]}Caution

Generally very safe. Rarely causes contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (sesquiterpene lactones, same Asteraceae family). Avoid high doses during pregnancy (emmenagogue at large doses). May increase photosensitivity. Allergic reactions uncommon but possible in those sensitive to Asteraceae plants.

Safety note^{[17, 18, 19, 24]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates yarrow as ++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic, aperitif, and astringent activities, consistent with Commission E (KOM) approval for loss of appetite and dyspeptic ailments. Yarrow contains achillin, achilleic acid, and apigenin - compounds with anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties. Traditional use for wound healing, fever management, and digestive complaints is well-supported. Dose: 2–4 g dried herb as tea three times daily. Caution: yarrow belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; rare contact dermatitis from sesquiterpene lactones has been reported. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue effects (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^[12]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) it can cause allergic reactions or contact dermatitis in sensitive people, and handling the fresh plant in sunlight can occasionally cause photosensitivity.

Safety note^[16]Caution

Medicinal use is traditionally avoided in pregnancy (can stimulate the uterus and influence menstruation); caution while breastfeeding.

Safety note^[12]Caution

May interact with anticoagulant, sedative and blood-pressure medications and with drugs metabolised by the liver; seek professional advice if on regular medication.

Safety note^{[12, 25]}Info

Correct identification is essential, as several poisonous white-flowered umbellifers can be confused with yarrow; clinical evidence in humans is limited.

Safety note^{[13, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34]}Info

Additional omniasana.bio sources cited for Achillea millefolium (identification, distribution, foraging, traditional use and supporting evidence; see bibliography).

Dangerous Lookalikes

Conium Maculatum^{[35, 36, 37]}Fatal

Confused Part: Young feathery, finely divided leaves gathered for tea, salad or medicine; poison hemlock's young leaves are also feathery and finely divided.

Confusion Context: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is foraged for its soft, feathery, fern-like leaves. As Grow Forage Cook Ferment warns, yarrow is sometimes mistaken for poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), which is very toxic - hemlock contains coniine and kills by ascending paralysis and respiratory failure, and a few leaves can be fatal. Young hemlock leaves are more feathery and can resemble yarrow before the plant grows tall. Because yarrow is a popular forage and hemlock is widespread, this is a potentially fatal confusion.

Distinguishing Features: SMELL: yarrow smells sweet and herbaceous, often likened to fresh pine or a pleasant medicinal scent. Poison hemlock smells rank and musty/mousy., Stem: yarrow has a solid, green, slightly hairy/woolly grooved stem with no purple. Poison hemlock has a hairless stem conspicuously blotched and streaked with red-purple, especially near the base., Leaf and size: yarrow leaves are soft, very finely divided and feathery on a low plant (usually under 60 cm). Poison hemlock is a tall (1.5-3 m) branching biennial with larger, glossy, more open fern-like leaves.

Key Test: Check the stem and smell. A solid green (often woolly) stem with soft feathery leaves and a sweet pine-like herbaceous scent = yarrow. A hairless stem with red-purple blotches and a musty/mousy smell = poison hemlock - deadly, do not put it to your mouth. If the stem is purple-blotched or the smell is musty, do not use it.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Harvest Readiness

^{[13, 14]}

Part: flower

Signals: Gather the flower heads with the flowering herb once the flat-topped corymbs have opened to full bloom, before they turn brown.

Basis: traditional

Source Quote: The whole plant, stems, leaves and flowers, collected in the wild state, in August, when in flower.

Independent Confirmation: King's American Dispensatory (REF-3184) independently gives the same flowering-stage collection: 'It flowers from May to October, during which time it should be gathered'.

Species Confirmed: 1

^{[13, 14]}

Part: leaf

Signals: Gather the leaf together with the flowering herb, as the flat-topped flower heads open to full bloom; yarrow leaf is taken with the stems and flowers at flowering, not separately.

Basis: traditional

Source Quote: The whole plant, stems, leaves and flowers, collected in the wild state, in August, when in flower.

Independent Confirmation: King's American Dispensatory (REF-3184) independently gives the same flowering-stage collection: 'It flowers from May to October, during which time it should be gathered'.

Species Confirmed: 1

^{[13, 14]}

Part: stem

Signals: Cut the flowering stems with the leaf and flower as the corymbs open to full bloom; the coarser stems are rejected after gathering.

Basis: traditional

Source Quote: The whole plant, stems, leaves and flowers, collected in the wild state, in August, when in flower.

Independent Confirmation: King's American Dispensatory (REF-3184) independently gives the same flowering-stage collection: 'It flowers from May to October, during which time it should be gathered (preferably during July), and after rejecting the coarser stems, should be carefully dried'.

Species Confirmed: 1

External Identifiers

GBIF ›Wikidata ›

References & Sources

Farasati Far, B., Behzad, G. and Khalili, H (2023) 'Achillea millefolium: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability', Heliyon, 9(12), pp. e22841. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841
Akram, M (2013) 'Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn', The Journal of Membrane Biology, 246(9), pp. 661-663. doi:10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x
Benedek, B. and Kopp, B (2007) 'Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use', Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 157(13-14), pp. 312-314. doi:10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9
Li, H., Li, J., Liu, M., Xie, R., Zang, Y., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2021) 'Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L', Phytochemistry, 186, pp. 112733. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733
Li, H., Liu, L., Gou, G., Xin, X., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolides from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 210, pp. 113647. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647
Li, H., Akber Aisa, H. and Li, J (2023) 'Germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(4), pp. e202300079. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300079 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300079
Li, H., Xu, N., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 216, pp. 113894. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894
Huang, X., Xu, N., Liu, Z., Li, H., Lu, H. and Li, J (2024) 'Chemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(8), pp. e202400946. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202400946 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202400946
Alomair, M.K., Alabduladheem, L.S., Almajed, M.A., Alobaid, A.A., Alkhalifah, E.A.R., Younis, N.S. and Mohamed, M.E (2022) 'Achillea millefolium essential oil mitigates peptic ulcer in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway', Molecules, 27(22), pp. 7908. doi:10.3390/molecules27227908 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227908
Bagheri, A., Amin, G., Tavangar, S.M., Heidari, M. and Bagheri, J (2024) 'Safety and hemostatic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in localized bleeding', Hepatology Forum, 5(1), pp. 25-27. doi:10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041
Ayoobi, F., Shamsizadeh, A., Fatemi, I., Vakilian, A., Allahtavakoli, M., Hassanshahi, G. and Moghadam-Ahmadi, A (2017) 'Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders - a review', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(6), pp. 604-612. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827
Ali, S.I., Gopalakrishnan, B. and Venkatesalu, V (2017) 'Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review', 31(8), pp. 1140--1161. doi:10.1002/ptr.5840 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840
Grieve, M (1931) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) — A Modern Herbal'. Available at: https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/y/yarrow02.html Traditional / reference
https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/y/yarrow02.html
Felter, H. W. and Lloyd, J. U (1898) 'Millefolium (Achillea millefolium) — King's American Dispensatory'. Available at: https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/achillea.html Traditional / reference
https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/achillea.html
European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2019) 'European Union herbal monograph on Achillea millefolium L., herba, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf
Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/
Applequist, W.L. and Moerman, D.E (2011) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.): a neglected panacea?', 65(2), pp. 209--225. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yarrow%20%28Achillea%20millefolium%20L.%29%3A%20a%20neglected%20panacea%3F
Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal
Villanueva-Bermejo, D. et al (2017) 'Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Achillea millefolium', pp. 469--476. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chemical%20composition%20and%20antioxidant%20activity%20of%20Achillea%20millefolium
Csupor-Loffler, B. and Hajdu, Z. and Zupko, I. and Rethy, B. and Falkay, G. and Forgo, P. and Hohmann, J (2009) 'Antiproliferative effect of flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids from Achillea millefolium s.l. on cultured human tumour cell lines', Phytotherapy Research, 23(5), pp. 672-676. doi:10.1002/ptr.2697 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2697
Papakosta, K. and Grafakou, M.-E. and Barda, C. and Kostopoulos, I.V. and Tsitsilonis, O. and Skaltsa, H (2020) 'Cytotoxicity and Anti-cancer Activity of the Genus Achillea L', Current Medicinal Chemistry, 27(41), pp. 6910-6925. doi:10.2174/0929867327666200505092514 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200505092514
Sacred Plant Co (2025) 'Yarrow: The Warrior'. Available at: https://sacredplantco.com/blogs/natures-pharmacy-exploring-the-historical-uses-and-health-benefits-of-medicinal-herbs/the-warrior-s-herb-that-bridged-ancient-legends-and-modern-wound-care Traditional / reference
https://sacredplantco.com/blogs/natures-pharmacy-exploring-the-historical-uses-and-health-benefits-of-medicinal-herbs/the-warrior-s-herb-that-bridged-ancient-legends-and-modern-wound-care
Hemmati, A.A., Arzi, A. and Amin, M (2002) 'Effect of Achillea millefolium extract in wound healing of rabbit', 2(2), pp. 164--167. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effect%20of%20Achillea%20millefolium%20extract%20in%20wound%20healing%20of%20rabbit
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
First Nature (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium, Yarrow: identification, distribution, habitat'. Available at: https://www.first-nature.com/flowers/achillea-millefolium.php Traditional / reference
https://www.first-nature.com/flowers/achillea-millefolium.php
Jenabi, E. and Fereidoony, B (2015) 'Effect of Achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind randomized clinical trial', 28(5), pp. 402--404. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.008 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.008
Joybilee Farm (n.d.) 'How to Stop Bleeding with Yarrow Styptic'. Available at: https://joybileefarm.com/how-to-stop-bleeding-yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://joybileefarm.com/how-to-stop-bleeding-yarrow/
North Carolina Extension (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium'. Available at: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/achillea-millefolium/ Traditional / reference
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/achillea-millefolium/
Northwest School of Aromatic Medicine (2026) 'Yarrow in Herbal & Aromatic Medicine: History, Uses, and Energetics'. Available at: https://aromaticmedicineschool.com/yarrow-herbal-medicine-history-uses-energetics/ Traditional / reference
https://aromaticmedicineschool.com/yarrow-herbal-medicine-history-uses-energetics/
Plant Reference (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium (common yarrow) - Identification & Care Guide'. Available at: https://www.plantref.org/plants/achillea-millefolium Traditional / reference
https://www.plantref.org/plants/achillea-millefolium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:181164-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:181164-1
Royal Horticultural Society (n.d.) 'Achillea millefolium (common yarrow)'. Available at: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/311/achillea-millefolium/details Traditional / reference
https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/311/achillea-millefolium/details
The Wildlife Trusts (n.d.). Available at: https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/wildflowers/yarrow Traditional / reference
https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/wildflowers/yarrow
United States Forest Service (n.d.) 'Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)'. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/achillea_millefolium.shtml Traditional / reference
https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/achillea_millefolium.shtml
Grow Forage Cook Ferment 'Foraging Yarrow: Identification, Look-alikes, and Uses'. Available at: https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-for-yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-for-yarrow/
Dayan, A.D (2024) 'Death of Socrates: a likely case of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning', Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 62(1), pp. 56-60. doi:10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328
King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock

Selected studies & references

ReviewAchillea millefolium: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability source↗ (2023)

ReviewBio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders - a review source↗ (2017)

ReviewMinireview on Achillea millefolium Linn. source↗ (2013)

ReviewAchillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use source↗ (2007)

RctEffect of Achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind randomized clinical trial source↗ (2015)

PreclinicalChemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity source↗ (2024)

PreclinicalSafety and hemostatic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in localized bleeding source↗ (2024)

PreclinicalGermacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity source↗ (2023)

All 33 studies in the Knowledge Finder →

Educational use only. This profile summarises traditional and scientific sources for reference. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for a qualified practitioner. Some plants carry safety cautions and drug interactions - always check before use.
This profile is assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database, which we curate by hand. How this site is built.

← Explore plants by symptom

← Browse all plants