Plant Profile

Field scabious

Knautia arvensis
Family: Caprifoliaceae  ·  Parts used: Aerial parts, Flower, Root, Leaf  ·  Also known as: blue buttons, gypsy rose

The complete database record: 4 documented constituents, 4 pharmacological actions, 6 traditional / indicated uses, with 8 cited sources.

Botanical Description

A hairy perennial herb of the honeysuckle family (formerly Dipsacaceae), 25-100 cm tall, growing from a stout rootstock. The stems are roughly hairy and bear opposite leaves that are variable - the lower ones often lyre-shaped or pinnately lobed, the upper deeply cut. The flowers are massed into flat, domed pincushion heads about 3-4 cm across, lilac to bluish-violet, with the outer florets enlarged; the heads are carried on long stalks and, unlike true scabious (Scabiosa), the receptacle is hairy rather than scaly. It flowers through summer and is a favourite of bees and butterflies.[1]

Height: 25-100 cm
Habit: Hairy perennial herb from a stout rootstock
Leaves: Opposite, hairy; lower leaves lyre-shaped/pinnately lobed, upper deeply cut
Flowers: Lilac to bluish-violet florets in flat, domed pincushion heads 3-4 cm across, outer florets enlarged
Stem: Erect, roughly hairy, branched above
Root: Stout rootstock with fibrous roots
Fruit: A small hairy achene enclosed in an epicalyx
Flowering Period: July-September

Habitat & Distribution

Dry grassland, meadows, pastures, dry hills, roadside banks, field margins and open woods, on well-drained and often calcareous soils across Europe and into western Asia and parts of Africa. A characteristic plant of unimproved dry meadows.[1]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaves, stems, flower heads) are gathered in summer while in flower and dried; the root is also used. Best cut from established plants in dry grassland.[1]

Parts: Aerial parts, Flower, Root
Season: Aerial parts in flower (July-September); root in autumn

Key Constituents

Phenolic acids (chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids)[1, 2]

Chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids and caffeoylhydrocitric acid (antioxidant).

Phenolic acidsChlorogenic acidCaffeic acid
Flavonoids (C-flavone glycosides, isovitexin)[1, 2]

C-glycosidic flavones such as isovitexin and related flavonoids.

FlavonoidsApigenin
Triterpenoid saponins (knautiosides)[3, 5]

Saponin glycosides (knautiosides) characteristic of the plant and the Caprifoliaceae family.

Triterpene saponinsSaponins
Iridoid glycosides[3, 8]

Iridoid glycosides typical of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae/Dipsacaceae).

Iridoid glycosides

Pharmacological Actions

Alterative / depurative ('detox')[4]

Traditional 'blood purifier' (depurative) for skin complaints; the classic use of field scabious.

Anti-inflammatory[4]

Knautia and related Caprifoliaceae extracts inhibit inflammatory mediators (COX/LOX).

Antioxidant[4, 6]
Antimicrobial[4]

Antibacterial (anti-acne) activity of Knautia extracts; antimicrobial activity across the family.

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Skin irritation[4]Preliminary · 2/10

Traditional remedy for eczema, itching and skin complaints; anti-acne activity of Knautia extracts.

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →

Eczema[4]Preliminary · 2/10

inferred from traditional skin/depurative use

Evidence: 2
Label: Eczema

more plants for eczema →detailed sources →

Acne[4]Preliminary · 2/10

Anti-acne activity of Knautia species extracts (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory).

Evidence: 2
Label: Acne

more plants for acne →detailed sources →

Inflammation (general)[4]Preliminary · 2/10
Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)

more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →

Wounds[4]Preliminary · 2/10

inferred from traditional external use on cuts and sores

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds

more plants for wounds →detailed sources →

Infection (general)[4]Preliminary · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)

more plants for infection (general) →detailed sources →

Traditional Use & History

Field scabious has a European folk-medicine reputation chiefly as a remedy for skin complaints - eczema, itching, scabies (the name 'scabious' comes from its use against 'the scab'), cuts and sores - taken internally as a 'blood purifier' (alterative/depurative) and applied externally as a wash or poultice. It has also been used for coughs and sore throats. The plant is rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and saponins; the closely related genera Knautia, Scabiosa and Dipsacus in the honeysuckle family share this chemistry and a tradition of use in skin disease and inflammation.[3, 4]

Preparations

Infusion[3]

The dried flowering herb infused as a tea traditionally taken as an alterative ('blood purifier') for skin complaints and for coughs.

Wash / poultice[4]

A strong infusion or the crushed herb applied externally to eczema, itching, cuts and sores (traditional).

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety noteCaution

Very little is known about the safety of field scabious and there are no clinical data; avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy and breastfeeding and use only modest amounts.

Safety note[5]Info

Most pharmacological data come from closely related Caprifoliaceae (genus Knautia, Scabiosa, Dipsacus) rather than Knautia arvensis itself; apply to field scabious with caution.

Botanical Synonyms

Scabiosa arvensis, Knautia arvensis subsp. arvensis

Harvest Readiness

[7]

Part: flower
Signals: Gather the flower heads in summer, while in flower.
Basis: traditional
Source Quote: It is in flower from July to September.
Species Confirmed: 1
Notes: PFAF (REF-3280); the flower heads are gathered while in flower (July-September). PFAF gives the flowering stage rather than an explicit harvest sentence. Single lineage -> provisional.

[7]

Part: aerial-parts
Signals: Gather the flowering aerial parts in summer, while in flower.
Basis: traditional
Source Quote: It is in flower from July to September.
Species Confirmed: 1
Notes: PFAF (REF-3280); the flowering herb is gathered while in flower (July-September). Single lineage -> provisional.

[7]

Part: root
Signals: The root is not taken on a stage of its own: it is lifted together with the fresh flowering plant, while that plant is in flower.
Basis: traditional
Source Quote: The fresh or dried flowering plant can be used, with or without the roots.
Species Confirmed: 1
Notes: Plants For A Future, Knautia arvensis (REF-3280) - the same page already cited for the flower and flowering aerial parts. Re-read this pass: PFAF does tie the root to the flowering plant ('with or without the roots'), which is a readiness signal for the root even though no separate root season is given. Supersedes the earlier dead end. Single lineage -> provisional.

External Identifiers

References & Sources

  1. Karalija, E. and Muratovic, E. and Tarkowski, P. and Zeljkovic, S.C (2017) 'Variation in Phenolic Composition of Knautia arvensis in Correlation with Geographic Area and Plant Organ', Natural Product Communications, 12(4), pp. 545-548. doi:10.1177/1934578×1701200421 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578×1701200421
  2. Moldoch, J. and Szajwaj, B. and Masullo, M. and Pecio, L. and Oleszek, W. and Piacente, S. and Stochmal, A (2011) 'Phenolic constituents of Knautia arvensis aerial parts', Natural Product Communications, 6(11), pp. 1627-1630. doi:10.1177/1934578×1100601117 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578×1100601117
  3. Plouvier, V (1971) 'Research on heterosides: knautioside and saponosides from Knautia arvensis and related glycosides', Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie D, 272(10), pp. 1443-1446. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Research%20on%20heterosides%3A%20knautioside%20and%20saponosides%20from%20Knautia%20arvensis%20and%20related%20glycosides
  4. Chrzaszcz, M. and Miazga-Karska, M. and Klimek, K. and Dybowski, M.P. and Typek, R. and Tchorzewska, D. and Dos Santos Szewczyk, K (2023) 'The Anti-Acne Potential and Chemical Composition of Knautia Species (Caprifoliaceae) Extracts', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), pp. 9188. doi:10.3390/ijms24119188 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119188
  5. Skala, E. and Szopa, A (2023) 'Dipsacus and Scabiosa Species - The Source of Specialized Metabolites with High Biological Relevance: A Review', Molecules, 28(9), pp. 3754. doi:10.3390/molecules28093754 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093754
  6. Albayrak, S. and Aksoy, A. and Yilmaz, M.A. and Beyzi, E (2024) 'Investigation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Scabiosa L. (Caprifoliaceae) Species with Chemometric Methods', Chemistry and Biodiversity, 21(2), pp. e202301652. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202301652 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202301652
  7. Plants For A Future 'Knautia arvensis (Field Scabious)'. Available at: https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Knautia+arvensis Traditional / reference
    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Knautia+arvensis
  8. Saar-Reismaa, P. and Koel, M. and Tarto, R. and Vaher, M (2022) 'Extraction of bioactive compounds from Dipsacus fullonum leaves using deep eutectic solvents', Journal of Chromatography A, 1677, pp. 463330. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463330 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463330

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. How this site is built.

Selected studies & references

Educational use only. This profile summarises traditional and scientific sources for reference. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for a qualified practitioner. Some plants carry safety cautions and drug interactions - always check before use.
This profile is assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database, which we curate by hand. How this site is built.
← Browse all plants