Omnia SanaSymptom → Plant Sources
Greater Plantain (Plantago major) and Bruising: evidence and sources
inferred from vulnerary action
For educational purposes only, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants, especially alongside prescribed medication, during pregnancy, or for a serious condition.
Ethnopharmacological relevance The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects from different leaf extracts of the traditional medicinal herb Plantago major L. (plantain) on cell proliferation and migration in vitro, as a test for potential wound healing properties. Materials and methods Water and ethanol-based extracts were prepared from Plantago major fresh and dried leaves, and tested in vitro in a scratch assay with oral epithelial cells. Results The scratch assay produced reliable results after 18 h. Most of the tested extracts increased the proliferation/migration of the oral epithelial cells compared to the negative control. A concentration of 1.0 mg/mL (on dry weight basis) appears to be optimal regardless of type of extract, and among the alternatives, 0.1 mg/mL was always better than 10 mg/mL. Ethanol-based extracts with a concentration of 10 mg/mL had very detrimental effects on cell proliferation/migration. At the other two concentrations, ethanol-based extracts had the most beneficial effect, followed by water extracts of fresh leaves, ethanol plus water extracts of dried leaves and, finally, water extracts of dried leaves. Conclusions This study suggests that both the water extracts and the more polyphenol-rich ethanol-based extracts of Plantago major leaves have medicinal properties. Further research is, however, needed to determine what compounds are responsible for the wound healing effects.
Plantago major L. leaves have been used as a wound healing remedy for centuries in almost all parts of the world and in the treatment of a number of diseases apart from wound healing. These include diseases related to the skin, respiratory organs, digestive organs, reproduction, the circulation, against cancer, for pain relief and against infections. P. major contains biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, lipids, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides and terpenoids. Alkaloids and some organic acids have also been detected. A range of biological activities has been found from plant extracts including wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, weak antibiotic, immuno modulating and antiulcerogenic activity. Some of these effects may attribute to the use of this plant in folk medicine.
4 sources supporting Greater Plantain for Bruising. Includes scientific publications, books, monographs and traditional-use references.
Mechanistic basis
This use is associated with the plant's vulnerary (wound healing) action. Further evidence for that pharmacology:
Background Plantago major is a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries to treat various health conditions including wounds. Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of the topical use of P major in healing skin wounds in animal models. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. Seven (7) electronic databases (Virtual Health Library, Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and CAB Direct) were searched for controlled studies published in English from January 2006 to March 2020. The Collaborative Approach to Meta Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies tools guided the evaluation of the studies and determined their quality. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of bias. Results Of the 176 publications identified, 4 met the inclusion criteria. Studies included 20 to 100 animals and varying concentrations of P major. There were no reports of losses during research. Wound healing was assessed between 17 and 21 days following wounding. The best response in terms of wound contraction rate occurred with 10%, 20%, and 50% concentrations when compared with control groups. One (1) study did not have an animal ethics committee review. All studies had a high risk of bias and a lack of methodological rigor. Conclusion The results of this review did not find evidence about the in vivo effectiveness of P major for wound healing. More rigorous preclinical studies with adequate sample sizes are required to identify the best concentrations and formulations as well as increase understanding about the mechanisms of action of P major in wound healing.
Aims: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and pressure ulcer (PU) both are common types of ulcers worldwide. The wound healing effect of Plantago major leaves has been shown in a few animal studies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of P. major hydroalcoholic extract on DFU and PU healing. Methods: In this clinical trial, patients with DFU or PU who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to drug ( P. major ) or control groups. For patients in the drug group, Plantago extract 10% topical gel was applied on the wound once daily concurrent with dressing and routine wound care for two weeks, while for the control group, an appropriate novel dressing was used along with routine wound care for the same duration. The percentage of wound size reduction at the end of the seventh and 14th days of intervention was recorded and compared between the groups. Results: Fifty and 44 patients in drug and control groups, respectively, completed the interventions. Plantago extract gel significantly resulted in more reduction in the wound size compared to control at the end of the first (64.90 ± 29.75% vs. 33.11 ± 26.55%; P P P Conclusion: The use of 10% topical gel of P. major leaf extract results in the acceleration of DFU and PU healing. Key points: Application of P. major topical gel results in the acceleration of diabetic foot ulcer and pressure ulcer healing. - P. major extract helps reducing the wound's erythema.- P. major leaf extract assists decreasing the wound size.- The number of patients completing wound healing process is higher among whom undergoing P. major dressing.
Background Plantago major L. is used by local people to improve various wounds and lesions such as pressure ulcer. In this study, the therapeutic effects of P. major topical formulation on the stage 1 pressure ulcer in patients have been investigated. Materials and methods This randomized triple blind clinical trial study was performed on 130 patients. During the 14 days of study, each of the test and control groups was checked according to check list. Also the topical formulation was standardized by HPLC based on the amount of quercetin. Results The findings of this study indicated a significant difference in resolution of the damage between the test and control groups. Topical formulation was standardized by HPLC based on the quercetin (1.88 mg/100g) and no side effects associated with this topical formulation was found. Conclusion The results confirmed the traditional use of P. major in resolution of the damage. CLINICAL TRIAL ID: (IRCT201609209014N117).
Abstract Amini, M., Kherad, M., Mehrabani, D., Azarpira, N., Panjehshahin, M.R. and Tanideh, N. 2010. Effect of Plantago major on burn wound healing in rat. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 53–56. To determine the effect of Plantago major on healing of burn wounds, 100 male Sprague-Dawley 180–220 g rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Groups of A, B and C each comprised of 30 rats, which were treated with silver sulfadiazine, 20% and 50% Plantago major solution. Group D comprised of 10 rats, which were considered as control group and were treated with Oserin. After 7, 14 and 21 d of treatment, the animals were sacrificed, burn areas were examined histopathologically and scored. There was no significant difference between groups on d 7 and 14 but the difference was significant on d 21. The best results were noticed in group C receiving 50% P. major solution. So Plantago major may be a suitable substitute for silver sulfadiazine especially when applied in 50% concentration. Keywords: Silver sulfadiazine Plantago major woundhealingepithelializationrat
The wound-healing properties of Plantago major L. (plantain) were evaluated using an ex-vivo porcine wound-healing model. Ethanol- and water-based extracts were prepared from greenhouse-grown and freeze-dried leaves of P. major. Both types of extracts stimulated wound healing in porcine skin, but the ethanol-based extracts had a somewhat stronger effect. A concentration of 1.0 mg/mL (on dry weight basis) produced the best results for both types of extracts.
Background and Aim: Plantago major leaf has been traditionally used in Iran and many other countries for wound healing. This study presents a brief report about the depiction of the effects of Plantago major on wound healing in the major texts of Persian medicine. Moreover, the effect of Plantago major’s leaf extract on wound healing duration has been experimentally assessed in male rats. Materials and Methods: In experimental studies, the methanolic extract of Plantago major's leaf was used as an ointment. To make a wound model, a circular ulcer was made on the back of animals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: animals in the control group were treated once a day only with the ointment's eucerin base, and the rats in Plantago major's group were treated with the ointment containing the plant extract. Ulcerous areas were measured on days 0 and 14. The durations of complete wound healing processes were determined too. Results: The difference between the mean duration of wound healing was statistically significant using independent samples t-test (20.7±0.4 days in control vs 19.1±0.4 in plant extract group, p=0.022). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean wound surface area on the fourteenth day (p=0.014) despite the fact that there were no significant differences in day 0 (p=0.69). Conclusion: There is a long history of using Plantago major's leaf for wound healing in Persian medicine text books. It was determined, in the experimental studies conducted on rats, that P. major's leaf extract could accelerate wound healing process. This capability justifies its application not only in Persian medicine but also in some other traditional medicines.