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Common coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and Arthritis / joint pain: evidence and sources
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
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Ethnopharmacological relevance Tussilago farfara L. (commonly called coltsfoot), known as a vital folk medicine, have long been used to treat various respiratory disorders and consumed as a vegetable in many parts of the world since ancient times. Aim of the review This review aims to provide a critical evaluation of the current knowledge on the ethnobotanical value, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control of coltsfoot, thus provide a basis for further investigations. Materials and methods A detailed literature search was obtained using various online search engines (e.g. Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Baidu Scholar, PubMed and CNKI). Additional information was sourced from ethnobotanical literature focusing on Chinese and European flora. The plant synonyms were validated by the database 'The Plant List' (www.theplantlist.org). Results Coltsfoot has diverse uses in local and traditional medicine, but similarities have been noticed, specifically for relieving inflammatory conditions, respiratory and infectious diseases in humans. Regarding its pharmacological activities, many traditional uses of coltsfoot are supported by modern in vitro or in vivo pharmacological studies such as anti-inflammatory activities, neuro-protective activity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant activity. Quantitative analysis (e.g. GC-MS, UHPLC-MRM HR ) indicated the presence of a rich (>150) pool of chemicals, including sesquiterpenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids, chromones, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and others from its leaves and buds. In addition, adverse events have resulted from a collection of the wrong plant which contains PAs that became the subject of public concern attributed to their highly toxic. Conclusions So far, remarkable progress has been witnessed in phytochemistry and pharmacology of coltsfoot. Thus, some traditional uses have been well supported and clarified by modern pharmacological studies. Discovery of therapeutic natural products and novel structures in plants for future clinical and experimental studies are still a growing interest. Furthermore, well-designed studies in vitro particularly in vivo are required to establish links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, as well as ensure safety before clinical use. In addition, the good botanical identification of coltsfoot and content of morphologically close species is a precondition for quality supervision and control. Moreover, strict quality control measures are required in the studies investigating any aspect of the pharmacology and chemistry of coltsfoot.
1 source supporting Common coltsfoot for Arthritis / joint pain. Includes scientific publications, books, monographs and traditional-use references.
Mechanistic basis
This use is associated with the plant's anti-inflammatory action. Further evidence for that pharmacology:
Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as coltsfoot, is a widely recognised medicinal plant, traditionally used for treating respiratory, digestive, and circulatory ailments. Its therapeutic potential is attributed to a diverse phytochemical profile comprising alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Recent studies have also exhibited the plant's utility in the green synthesis of nanoparticles, especially silver (Ag) and gold (Au), representing notable antibacterial and cytotoxic properties, and hold promise as anticancer drug delivery agents. Various phytochemicals have been isolated from T. farfara through different chromatographic techniques, highlighting its phytochemical richness. However, despite promising pharmacological attributes, further in vivo studies and focused studies on its flower buds and leaves are required to validate its efficacy and safety. This review provides an overview of coltsfoot's extraction methods, phytochemistry, nanoparticle synthesis, ethnobotanical significance, pharmacological activities, and toxicological considerations.
A new oplopane-type sesquiterpenoid tussilagofarin (1) and a new chromone tussilagofarol (2), along with 18 known compounds 3-20, were isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Of the isolated compounds, oplopane- and bisabolane-type sesquterpenoids 1, 8-12, 15, and 16 were found to inhibit nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 3.5-28.5 μM.