Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Peppermint vs Ginger
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Peppermint and Ginger: they share 11 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, back pain, bloating, …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Peppermint | Ginger | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Back pain | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Bloating | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Headache | 8/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Indigestion | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Inflammation (general) | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Menstrual cramps | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Muscle spasm | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Pain (general) | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Respiratory support | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
| Skin irritation | 5/10 | 10/10 | Stronger for Ginger |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Menthol is the dominant constituent of the leaf oil, responsible for the cooling sensation and much of the antispasmodic and analgesic activity.
Phenolic antioxidants of the leaf.
The pungent phenolic constituents of the rhizome (notably 6-gingerol, which dehydrates to 6-shogaol on drying) responsible for ginger's antiemetic and anti-inflammatory activity; a standardized regimen of 84 mg/day gingerols/shogaols was effective against chemotherapy-induced nausea.
Pharmacological Actions
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from analgesic action
inferred from digestive action
inferred from analgesic action
inferred from digestive action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from antispasmodic action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally very safe. Essential oil should not be applied to the face or chest of infants or children — menthol can cause respiratory depression. Avoid enteric-coated capsules if taking antacids or acid-suppressing drugs. May worsen GERD by relaxing the lower oesophageal sphincter. Avoid in bile duct obstruction and gallstones.
Duke (2002) rates peppermint as +++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antispasmodic activity, consistent with Commission E approval for IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) using enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules. Enteric-coated peppermint oil is one of the most clinically validated herbal treatments for IBS, reducing abdominal pain and spasm. Dose: 0.6 ml enteric-coated oil two to three times daily between meals (for IBS); 1.5–3 g dried leaf as tea three times daily for digestive complaints. Peppermint should not be applied near the face or nostrils of infants and small children (risk of laryngospasm from menthol). Contraindicated in cholelithiasis (gallstones) (Duke, 2002).
Ginger is widely considered safe at culinary and conventional supplemental doses. At high doses (>5 g/day), ginger may cause heartburn, acid reflux, mouth irritation, and mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Ginger may modestly inhibit platelet aggregation and enhance the effects of anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) — clinical significance at dietary amounts is low, but caution is warranted with high-dose supplementation alongside blood-thinning medications (Shalansky et al., 2007). May lower blood sugar — monitor closely if combining with antidiabetic medications.
Pregnancy: Ginger is among the most studied herbal remedies for pregnancy nausea. At doses up to 1 g/day, it is generally considered safe and effective for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), based on multiple RCTs. The EMA monograph supports its use for NVP. Avoid doses >1.5 g/day during pregnancy due to theoretical concern about anticoagulant activity. Breastfeeding: generally considered safe at food amounts; limited data for medicinal doses (European Medicines Agency, 2012a).
Duke (2002) rates ginger as a triple-plus herb (+++) with strong clinical support (score 3) for antiemetic activity, including motion sickness, morning sickness, and postoperative nausea, and score 2 evidence for dyspepsia, diarrhea, and inflammation. Typical doses are 2-4 g dry rhizome per day or 500-1000 mg fresh root three times daily; Commission E approves ginger for dyspepsia and motion sickness. Ginger has antiplatelet properties and should be used with caution alongside anticoagulant medications (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Perennial herb, 30-90 cm tall, a sterile natural hybrid (Mentha aquatica x M. spicata) that spreads by rhizomes and surface stolons rather than viable seed. Stems are square, often purple-tinged. Leaves are opposite, lance-shaped to ovate with a sharply toothed margin, and release a strong menthol scent when crushed. Small, pale purple flowers are borne in dense, interrupted terminal spikes.[2]
Rhizomatous perennial herb with narrow, lance-shaped leaves arising in two ranks from slender, reed-like pseudostems. Pale yellow-green flowers with purple markings are borne in a dense, cone-like spike on a separate short stalk arising directly from the rhizome, though ginger rarely flowers in cultivation. The branching, knobbly rhizome has a pale yellow interior and a characteristic pungent, spicy aroma.[1]
Habitat
A cultivated hybrid grown worldwide as a crop and garden herb, propagated vegetatively since it rarely sets viable seed; naturalised in damp ground - streambanks, ditches and waste places - in temperate regions.[2]
Believed native to tropical Southeast Asia; cultivated extensively throughout the tropics and subtropics (India, China, Nigeria, the Caribbean) in warm, humid conditions on well-drained, fertile soil.
Harvesting
Aerial parts are cut at or just before full flowering (mid- to late summer), when the essential-oil (menthol) content peaks, then dried quickly out of direct sun, or distilled fresh for essential oil.[3]
The rhizome is dug 8-10 months after planting, once the leaves have died back, for mature ('old') ginger with the fullest pungency, or earlier for milder young ('green') ginger; cleaned and used fresh or dried and ground.
Traditional Uses
Peppermint has one of the best-documented traditional uses of any herb - as a carminative and antispasmodic for indigestion, bloating and colic. Enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules are among the most clinically validated herbal treatments for irritable bowel syndrome, and topical or inhaled peppermint oil is traditionally and clinically used for tension-type headache and muscular aches.[1, 2, 4, 5]
Ginger rhizome has one of the longest and most widespread medicinal histories of any spice, used across Chinese, Ayurvedic and Western herbal traditions as a warming digestive carminative, an antiemetic for nausea and motion sickness, and an anti-inflammatory remedy for joint pain; this traditional reputation is now supported by an extensive clinical evidence base, particularly for nausea (including pregnancy and chemotherapy-related) and osteoarthritis.[1]
Preparations
Dried leaf steeped in hot water, the classic digestive tea.
Standardised peppermint oil in enteric-coated capsules, the clinically studied form for irritable bowel syndrome, releasing the oil in the intestine rather than the stomach.
Diluted essential oil applied to the temples and neck for tension-type headache.
Dried rhizome powder or standardised extract, taken as capsules for nausea or joint-pain studies.
Dosage
Duke (2002) and Commission E guidance: about 0.6 mL enteric-coated oil two to three times daily between meals for IBS-type digestive complaints. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Clinical trials for nausea commonly use around 1-1.5 g of dried rhizome powder daily, in divided doses (up to 1 g/day in pregnancy); osteoarthritis studies commonly use similar or somewhat higher doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Not documented
Lookalikes Review
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
References & Sources
- McKay, D.L. and Blumberg, J.B (2006) 'A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.)', Phytotherapy Research, 20(8), pp. 619-633. doi:10.1002/ptr.1936 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1936 - Mahendran, G. and Rahman, L.U (2020) 'Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.)-A review', Phytotherapy Research, 34(9), pp. 2088-2139. doi:10.1002/ptr.6664 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6664 - Zhao, H., Ren, S., Yang, H., Tang, S. and others (2022) 'Peppermint essential oil: its phytochemistry, biological activity, pharmacological effect and application', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 154, pp. 113559. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113559 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113559 - Keifer, D., Ulbricht, C., Abrams, T.R., Basch, E. and others (2007) 'Peppermint (Mentha piperita): an evidence-based systematic review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration', Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 7(2), pp. 91-143. doi:10.1300/j157v07n02_07 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1300/j157v07n02_07 - Gobel, H., Heinze, A., Heinze-Kuhn, K., Gobel, A. and Gobel, C (2016) 'Peppermint oil in the acute treatment of tension-type headache', Schmerz, 30(3), pp. 295-310. doi:10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6 - Nair, B (2001) 'Final report on the safety assessment of Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, and Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Water', International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 3), pp. 61-73. doi:10.1080/10915810152902592 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810152902592 - Kobayashi, T., Sugaya, K., Onose, J. and Abe, N (2019) 'Peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract effectively inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) mRNA induction in rifampicin-treated HepG2 cells', Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 83(7), pp. 1181-1192. doi:10.1080/09168451.2019.1608802 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2019.1608802 - Romero, M.C., Navarro, M.C., Martin-Sanchez, J. and Valero, A (2014) 'Peppermint (Mentha piperita) and albendazole against anisakiasis in an animal model', Tropical Medicine & International Health, 19(12), pp. 1430-1436. doi:10.1111/tmi.12399 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12399 - Riachi, L.G. and De Maria, C.A.B (2015) 'Peppermint antioxidants revisited', Food Chemistry, 176, pp. 72-81. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.028 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.028 - Herro, E. and Jacob, S.E (2010) 'Mentha piperita (peppermint)', Dermatitis, 21(6), pp. 327-329. doi:10.2310/6620.2011.10080 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2310/6620.2011.10080 - Sun, Z. and Wang, H. and Wang, J. and Zhou, L. and Yang, P (2014) 'Chemical Composition and Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Mentha piperita Grown in China', PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114767 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114767 - Farco, J.A. and Grundmann, O (2012) 'Menthol - Pharmacology of an Important Naturally Medicinal “Cool”', Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. doi:10.2174/138955713804484686 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/138955713804484686 - Geuenich, S. and Goffinet, C. and Venzke, S. and Nolkemper, S. and Baumann, I. and Plinkert, P.K. and Reichling, J. and Keppler, O.T (2008) 'Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density', Retrovirology. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-27 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-5-27 - Nolkemper, S. and Reichling, J. and Stintzing, F.C. and Carle, R. and Schnitzler, P (2006) 'Antiviral Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Species of the Lamiaceae Family against Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 in vitro', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951719 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-951719 - Mahady, G.B. and Pendland, S.L. and Stoia, A. and Hamill, F.A. and Fabricant, D.G. and Dietz, B.M. and Chadwick, L.R (2005) 'In Vitro susceptibility ofHelicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.1776 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1776 - Tullio, V.C. and Roana, J. and Scalas, D. and Mandras, N (2019) 'Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) of Pancalieri (Turin, Italy) Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Interaction with Azoles', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules24173148 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173148 - Neves, A. and Rosa, S. and Gonçalves, J. and Rufino, A.T. and Judas, F. and Salgueiro, L. and Lopes, M.C. and Cavaleiro, C. and Mendes, A (2009) 'Screening of Five Essential Oils for Identification of Potential Inhibitors of IL-1-induced Nf-κB Activation and NO Production in Human Chondrocytes: Characterization of the Inhibitory Activity ofα-Pinene', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1186085 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1186085 - Wu, Z. and Tan, B. and Liu, Y. and Dunn, J.L. and Guerola, P.M. and Tortajada, M. and Cao, Z. and Ji, P (2019) 'Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Peppermint, Native Spearmint and Scotch Spearmint', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules24152825 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152825 - Bojić, M. and Maleš, Ž. and Antolić, A. and Babić, I. and Tomičić, M (2019) 'Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species', Acta Pharmaceutica. doi:10.2478/acph-2019-0050 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2019-0050 - Dorman, H.J.D. and Koşar, M. and Kahlos, K. and Holm, Y. and Hiltunen, R (2003) 'Antioxidant Properties and Composition of Aqueous Extracts from Mentha Species, Hybrids, Varieties, and Cultivars', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/jf034108k Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034108k - Benabdallah, A. and Boumendjel, M. and Aissi, O. and Rahmoune, C. and Boussaïd, M. and Messaoud, C (2018) 'Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory of wild Mentha species from northeastern Algeria', South African Journal of Botany. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.03.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.03.002 - Ayaz, M. and Sadiq, A. and Junaid, M. and Ullah, F. and Subhan, F. and Ahmed, J (2017) 'Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants', Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168 - Vladimir‐Knežević, S. and Blažeković, B. and Kindl, M. and Vladić, J. and Lower-Nedza, A.D. and Brantner, A (2014) 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules19010767 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010767 - López, V. and Martin, S.D. and Gómez‐Serranillos, M.P. and Carretero, M. and Jäger, A.K. and Calvo, M.I (2009) 'Neuroprotective and neurochemical properties of mint extracts', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.3037 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3037 - Orhan, İ.E. and Kartal, M. and Kan, Y. and Şener, B (2008) 'Activity of Essential Oils and Individual Components against Acetyland Butyrylcholinesterase', Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. doi:10.1515/znc-2008-7-813 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-7-813 - Zeljkovıć, S.Ć. and Šišková, J. and Komzáková, K. and Diego, N.D. and Kaffková, K. and Tarkowski, P (2021) 'Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Mentha Species', Plants. doi:10.3390/plants10030550 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030550 - Desam, N.R. and Al-Rajab, A.J. and Sharma, M. and Mylabathula, M.M. and Gowkanapalli, R.R. and Albratty, M (2017) 'Chemical constituents, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha×Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oils', Journal of King Saud University - Science. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.013 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.013 - Husain, F.M. and Ahmad, I. and Khan, M.S. and Ahmad, E. and Tahseen, Q. and Khan, M.S. and Al‐Shabib, N.A (2015) 'Sub-MICs of Mentha piperita essential oil and menthol inhibits AHL mediated quorum sensing and biofilm of Gram-negative bacteria', Frontiers in Microbiology. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00420 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00420 - Khayyal, M.T. and El‐Ghazaly, M.A. and Kenawy, S.A. and Seif-El-Nasr, M. and Mahran, L. and Kafafi, Y. and Okpanyi, S (2011) 'Antiulcerogenic Effect of Some Gastrointestinally Acting Plant Extracts and their Combination', Arzneimittelforschung. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1300078 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1300078 - Singh, R. and Shushni, M.A.M. and Belkheir, A.K (2011) 'Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L', Arabian Journal of Chemistry. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.01.019 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.01.019 - Dorman, H.J.D. and Koşar, M. and Başer, K.H.C. and Hiltunen, R (2009) 'Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Evaluation of Mentha x Piperita L. (Peppermint) Extracts', Natural Product Communications. doi:10.1177/1934578x0900400419 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400419 - İşcan, G. and Kırımer, N. and Kürkçüoğlu, M. and Başer, H.C. and Demi̇rci̇, F (2002) 'Antimicrobial Screening of Mentha piperita Essential Oils', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/jf011476k Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011476k - Akdogan, M. et al (2004) 'Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita labiatae and Mentha spicata labiatae on kidney tissue in rats', 23(7), pp. 321--327. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Investigation%20of%20biochemical%20and%20histopathological%20effects%20of%20Mentha%20piperita%20labiatae%20and%20Mentha%20spicata%20labiatae%20on%20kidney%20tissue%20in%20rats - Grigoleit, H.G. and Grigoleit, P (2005) 'Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome', 12(8), pp. 601--606. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Peppermint%20oil%20in%20irritable%20bowel%20syndrome - Mas-Coma, S (2004) 'Fasciolosis in humans'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Fasciolosis%20in%20humans - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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- Crichton, M., Marshall, S., Isenring, E., Lohning, A., McCarthy, A.L., Molassiotis, A. and others (2023) 'Effect of a Standardized Ginger Root Powder Regimen on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial', Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 124(3), pp. 313--330. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.003 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.003 - Mathieu, S., Soubrier, M., Peirs, C., Monfoulet, L.E., Boirie, Y. and Tournadre, A (2022) 'A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Osteoarthritis Symptoms', Nutrients, 14(8). doi:10.3390/nu14081607 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081607 - Ali, B.H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M.O. and Nemmar, A (2008) 'Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research', 46(2), pp. 409--420. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085 - European Medicines Agency (2012) 'European Union herbal monograph on Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma (Zingiberis rhizoma)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-zingiber-officinale-roscoe-rhizoma_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-zingiber-officinale-roscoe-rhizoma_en.pdf - Huang, F.Y., Deng, T., Meng, L.X. and Ma, X.L (2019) 'Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 98(13). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015054 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015054 - Marx, W., McCarthy, A.L., Ried, K. et al (2017) 'Can ginger ameliorate chemotherapy-induced nausea? Protocol of a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial', pp. 65. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1571-z Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1571-z - Mashhadi, N.S., Ghiasvand, R., Askari, G., Hariri, M., Darvishi, L. and Mofid, M.R (2013) 'Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: a review', pp. S36--S42. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3665023/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3665023/ - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Zingiber officinale Roscoe'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:798372-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:798372-1 - Shalansky, S., Lynd, L., Richardson, K., Ingaszewski, A. and Kerr, C (2007) 'Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine', 27(9), pp. 1237--1247. doi:10.1592/phco.27.9.1237 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.27.9.1237 - Viljoen, E., Visser, J., Koen, N. and Musekiwa, A (2014) 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting', 13(1), pp. 20. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-20 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-20 - Xu, Y., Yang, Q. and Wang, X (2020) 'Efficacy of herbal medicine (cinnamon/fennel/ginger) for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Journal of International Medical Research, 48(6). doi:10.1177/0300060520936179 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520936179 - Zhang, Y., Gui, Y., Adams, R., Farragher, J., Itsiopoulos, C., Bow, K. and others (2025) 'Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis', Nutrients, 17(15). doi:10.3390/nu17152547 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152547 - Hu, Y., Amoah, A.N., Zhang, H., Fu, R., Qiu, Y., Cao, Y. and others (2020) 'Effect of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting compared with vitamin B6 and placebo during pregnancy: a meta-analysis', Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 35(1), pp. 187--196. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1712714 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1712714 - Huang, F.Y., Deng, T., Meng, L.X. and Ma, X.L (2019) 'Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Medicine (Baltimore), 98(13). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015054 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015054 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - Jiang, X., Williams, K.M., Liauw, W.S., Ammit, A.J., Roufogalis, B.D., Duke, C.C., Day, R.O. and McLachlan, A.J (2005) 'Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 59(4), pp. 425-432. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.