Plant Comparison

Yarrow vs Chamomile

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AYarrowAchillea millefoliumAsteraceaeFull monograph →
Plant BChamomileMatricaria chamomillaAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Yarrow and Chamomile: both belong to the Asteraceae family; they share 10 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, bruising, …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.

YarrowChamomile
Constituents44
Pharmacological actions1211
Indicated uses1918
Safety notes74
Cited sources3625
Indicated uses
Only Yarrow
Loss of appetiteCancer (anticancer research)Cold & fluDiarrhoeaFeverHeavy menstrual bleedingSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Shared (10)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingBruisingIndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Menstrual crampsMuscle spasmSkin irritationWounds
Only Chamomile
Back painEczemaHeadacheInsomnia / sleeplessnessPain (general)AnxietyLow mood / depressionBlood sugar / diabetes support
Pharmacological actions
Only Yarrow
Anticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantAstringentBitter digestive tonic / stomachicDiaphoreticDiureticStyptic / haemostatic
Shared (5)
Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntispasmodicDigestive aidVulnerary (wound healing)
Only Chamomile
Analgesic (pain relief)Emollient / skin-soothingSedative / sleep supportAnxiolytic / calmingAntidepressant / mood supportAntidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionYarrowChamomileVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/105/10Stronger for Chamomile
Bloating1/101/10Comparable evidence
Bruising1/101/10Comparable evidence
Indigestion1/101/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Menstrual cramps1/107/10Stronger for Chamomile
Muscle spasm1/101/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/101/10Comparable evidence
Wounds1/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Essential oil (mono- and sesquiterpenes)[12]

Chamazulene (blue colour), sabinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor and alpha-bisabolol.

SesquiterpenesEssential (volatile) oilChamazuleneAlpha-bisabololCamphor1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol)
Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, rutin, quercetin)[12]

Antioxidant and antispasmodic flavonoids.

FlavonoidsQuercetinApigeninLuteolinRutin
Sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids, tannins and coumarins[12]

Contribute to anti-inflammatory and astringent activity.

Sesquiterpene lactonesPhenolic acidsSesquiterpenesCoumarinsTannins
Betonicine and achilleine[12]

Compounds traditionally linked to the haemostatic (styptic) effect.

Essential oil (alpha-bisabolol, chamazulene)[1, 6]

The volatile oil, concentrated in the flower head, gives chamomile its characteristic blue colour (chamazulene) and much of its anti-inflammatory activity (alpha-bisabolol).

Essential (volatile) oilAlpha-bisabololChamazulene
Flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, rutin)[10]

Apigenin is considered a key contributor to chamomile's sedative/anxiolytic activity via GABA-A receptor binding.

ApigeninQuercetinLuteolinRutinFlavonoids
Coumarins[6]

Minor constituents (e.g. herniarin, umbelliferone) contributing to the mild antispasmodic action.

Coumarins
Mucilage polysaccharides[10]

Contribute to the soothing, demulcent effect on irritated mucous membranes.

MucilagePolysaccharides

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, 17]
Anticancer (preclinical)[12, 18, 19]

Preclinical antiproliferative activity of yarrow flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids (e.g. centaureidin, casticin) against human tumour cell lines.

Antimicrobial[15, 16, 17]
Antioxidant[1, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17]
Antispasmodic[3, 15, 16, 17]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Astringent[12, 14]
Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic[12, 14]

Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)

Diaphoretic[12, 14]

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Digestive aid[2, 9, 12, 14]

Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)

Diuretic[15, 16, 17]
Styptic / haemostatic[10, 12, 14, 20]

Styptic / haemostatic (slows bleeding from minor cuts)

Vulnerary (wound healing)[12, 15, 16, 17, 21]

Vulnerary (wound healing)

Analgesic (pain relief)[12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Anti-inflammatory[1, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Antimicrobial[1, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Antispasmodic[1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid[1, 5, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Emollient / skin-soothing[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Sedative / sleep support[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Anxiolytic / calming[3, 8]
Antidepressant / mood support[11]
Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)[13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Loss of appetite[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Loss of appetite
Arthritis / joint pain[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Bruising[12, 15, 16, 17, 21]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bruising
Cancer (anticancer research)[12, 18, 19]Traditional · 2/10

Antiproliferative activity of Achillea millefolium extracts and constituents (centaureidin, casticin) against HeLa, MCF-7 and A431 cancer cell lines (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cold & flu[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Evidence: 1
Label: Cold & flu
Diarrhoea[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 1
Label: Diarrhoea
Fever[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Evidence: 1
Label: Fever
Heavy menstrual bleeding[12, 14, 20]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from styptic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Heavy menstrual bleeding
Indigestion[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Skin irritation[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[12, 14, 20]Traditional · 1/10

Styptic / haemostatic (slows bleeding from minor cuts)

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Back pain[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Back pain
Bloating[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Bruising[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bruising
Eczema[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from emollient action

Evidence: 1
Label: Eczema
Headache[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Headache
Indigestion[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Insomnia / sleeplessness[2, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Good · 7/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 7
Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness
Menstrual cramps[14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Good · 7/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 7
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Pain (general)[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Pain (general)
Skin irritation[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Anxiety[3, 8]Moderate · 6/10
Evidence: 6
Label: Anxiety
Low mood / depression[11]Moderate · 5/10
Evidence: 5
Label: Low mood / depression
Blood sugar / diabetes support[13]Moderate · 5/10
Evidence: 5
Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[15, 16, 17]Caution

Generally very safe. Rarely causes contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (sesquiterpene lactones, same Asteraceae family). Avoid high doses during pregnancy (emmenagogue at large doses). May increase photosensitivity. Allergic reactions uncommon but possible in those sensitive to Asteraceae plants.

Safety note[15, 16, 17, 22]Caution

Duke (2002) rates yarrow as ++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic, aperitif, and astringent activities, consistent with Commission E (KOM) approval for loss of appetite and dyspeptic ailments. Yarrow contains achillin, achilleic acid, and apigenin — compounds with anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties. Traditional use for wound healing, fever management, and digestive complaints is well-supported. Dose: 2–4 g dried herb as tea three times daily. Caution: yarrow belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; rare contact dermatitis from sesquiterpene lactones has been reported. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue effects (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[12]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) it can cause allergic reactions or contact dermatitis in sensitive people, and handling the fresh plant in sunlight can occasionally cause photosensitivity.

Safety note[14]Caution

Medicinal use is traditionally avoided in pregnancy (can stimulate the uterus and influence menstruation); caution while breastfeeding.

Safety note[12]Caution

May interact with anticoagulant, sedative and blood-pressure medications and with drugs metabolised by the liver; seek professional advice if on regular medication.

Safety note[12, 23]Info

Correct identification is essential, as several poisonous white-flowered umbellifers can be confused with yarrow; clinical evidence in humans is limited.

Safety note[24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]Info

Additional omniasana.bio sources cited for Achillea millefolium (identification, distribution, foraging, traditional use and supporting evidence; see bibliography).

Safety note[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Caution

Generally considered very safe when used as tea or topical preparations.Allergy risk: People allergic to ragweed, daisies, or other Asteraceae plants may react (itching, rash).Blood thinners: Chamomile may slightly enhance effects of anticoagulants—use large amounts cautiously.Pregnancy: Normal tea amounts are usually considered safe, but concentrated extracts should be used with caution.Topical use: Rare skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Safety note[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]Caution

Duke (2002) rates German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) highly for anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and wound-healing activities. The essential oil contains the potent anti-inflammatory compound alpha-bisabolol. Chamomile is Commission E approved for digestive complaints and topical wound care. Dose: 3 g dried flower heads per cup of water, three times daily. Alpha-bisabolol is noted as one of the most active natural anti-inflammatory compounds known. Caution: chamomile belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to ragweed, chrysanthemums, or related plants (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]Caution

Generally very safe. Rare allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae family (ragweed, chrysanthemums). May cause contact dermatitis with topical essential oil use. Avoid very high doses in pregnancy. Well tolerated by children in appropriate amounts.

Safety note[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]Info

Scented mayweed (Matricaria chamomilla) shares the same species as German chamomile (see German Chamomile entry above). Duke (2002) provides the same clinical support: Commission E approves it for dyspeptic complaints (orally) and skin and mucous membrane inflammation (topically). Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and wound-healing activities are well-established (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 3120060
Wikidata: Q25408
Gbif: 8370958
Wikidata: Q28437

Botanical Description

Aromatic, rhizomatous perennial herb with erect, grooved, softly hairy stems arising in clumps from a creeping rootstock. The leaves are alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments, giving the whole plant a soft, fern-like texture (hence 'millefolium', thousand-leaved). Numerous small white to pale-pink flower heads are borne in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs at the stem tips. The plant has a sweet, herbaceous, slightly medicinal aroma when crushed.[12]

Height: 20-100 cm (occasionally to 1 m)
Habit: Erect, rhizomatous, mat-forming perennial herb
Leaves: Alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments; aromatic when crushed
Flowers: Small white to pale pink flower heads in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs
Stem: Erect, grooved, softly hairy/woolly, plain green (never purple-blotched)
Root: Creeping, fibrous rhizome
Fruit: Small flattened achenes without pappus
Flowering Period: June-September

Aromatic annual herb, 15-60 cm tall, with an erect, much-branched, hairless stem. Leaves are alternate and finely bi- to tripinnately divided into thread-like segments, giving a feathery appearance. Flower heads are small daisy-like composites, 1-2.5 cm across, with white ray florets that reflex sharply downward as the flower matures around a conical, hollow, yellow disc of tubular florets - the hollow, conical receptacle is a key feature distinguishing German chamomile from similar-looking daisies. The fruit is a tiny ribbed achene without a pappus.[1, 10]

Height: 15-60 cm
Habit: Erect, much-branched, aromatic annual herb
Leaves: Alternate, finely 2-3-pinnately divided into thread-like segments
Flowers: Small daisy-like heads with downward-reflexed white ray florets around a conical hollow yellow disc
Stem: Erect, much-branched, hairless
Root: Slender taproot
Fruit: Tiny ribbed achene, no pappus
Flowering Period: May-August

Habitat

A common plant of grassland, meadows, roadsides, pastures and waste ground on a wide range of soils; native throughout Europe and temperate Asia and now naturalised across North America, Australia and New Zealand.[12]

Native to Europe and western Asia and now naturalised worldwide, growing on disturbed, sunny ground - arable field margins, waste places, roadsides and sandy or loamy soils; widely cultivated as a medicinal crop.[1, 6]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut as the flat-topped corymbs open, in mid- to late summer, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the essential oil and colour.[12]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Summer, at full flower (June-September)

Flower heads are hand- or machine-harvested at full bloom, when the ray florets are horizontal and just beginning to reflex, then dried quickly at low temperature and out of direct light to preserve the volatile oil.[6]

Parts: Flower heads
Season: Late spring to summer, at full bloom

Traditional Uses

Yarrow has an ancient reputation as a wound herb (its old name 'staunchweed' and its association with Achilles reflect traditional use to stop bleeding and heal wounds) and as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic remedy for feverish colds, spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, hepatobiliary disorders and gynaecological complaints. The flowering herb is classically taken as a hot infusion at the onset of a cold or fever to promote sweating, and used as a bitter tonic to stimulate appetite and digestion.[2, 12]

Chamomile is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in the world, with a long traditional history as a mild digestive, calming and anti-inflammatory remedy - taken as a tea for indigestion, cramping, and restlessness or poor sleep, and applied topically for skin and mucous-membrane inflammation and wound healing. Modern reviews confirm anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative/anxiolytic and antimicrobial pharmacological activity supporting these traditional uses.[1, 6, 10]

Preparations

Infusion[12]

Dried flowering herb infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic tea, traditionally taken hot at the onset of colds and fevers.

Tincture[13]

Tincture of the herb, ethanol 45% V/V, 2-4 ml three times daily. The EU herbal monograph gives the ethanol strength but states no drug-extract ratio, so no 1:5 ratio is claimed here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Poultice/compress[10, 12]

Fresh crushed leaf or flowering tops applied directly to minor cuts and wounds, reflecting the traditional styptic (bleeding-stopping) and vulnerary use.

Essential oil[12]

Steam-distilled from the flowering tops; the chamazulene-rich blue oil is used in low dilution for its anti-inflammatory action.

Infusion (tea)[6, 10]

Dried flower heads steeped in hot water, the classic way of taking chamomile for digestive complaints, mild anxiety and sleep support.

Essential oil[1]

Steam-distilled from the flower heads; a concentrated source of alpha-bisabolol and chamazulene, used mainly in topical and aromatherapy preparations.

Topical cream/compress[12]

Concentrated extract or infused oil applied to skin, or as a compress - a randomised controlled trial found a topical chamomile oil preparation effective for knee osteoarthritis pain.

Dosage

Dried herb infusion[13, 14]

The EU herbal monograph gives 1.5-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150-250 mL of boiling water as an infusion, three or four times daily between meals; for loss of appetite the liquid preparations are taken 30 minutes before meals. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Tincture (ethanol 45% V/V)[13]

The EU herbal monograph gives 2-4 mL three times daily in adolescents, adults and elderly. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

Traditional guidance and Duke (2002) suggest about 3 g of dried flower heads per cup of water, taken up to three times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-2076, REF-2077, REF-2078, REF-2079, REF-2080, REF-2081, REF-2082, REF-2083, REF-2084, REF-2085, REF-2086
REF-1153, REF-1154, REF-1155, REF-1156, REF-1157, REF-1158, REF-1159, REF-1160, REF-1161, REF-1162, REF-2348, REF-2349, REF-2350, REF-2351

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[34, 35, 36]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: conium-maculatum
Confused Part: Young feathery, finely divided leaves gathered for tea, salad or medicine; poison hemlock's young leaves are also feathery and finely divided.
Confusion Context: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is foraged for its soft, feathery, fern-like leaves. As Grow Forage Cook Ferment warns, yarrow is sometimes mistaken for poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), which is very toxic - hemlock contains coniine and kills by ascending paralysis and respiratory failure, and a few leaves can be fatal. Young hemlock leaves are more feathery and can resemble yarrow before the plant grows tall. Because yarrow is a popular forage and hemlock is widespread, this is a potentially fatal confusion.
Distinguishing Features: SMELL: yarrow smells sweet and herbaceous, often likened to fresh pine or a pleasant medicinal scent. Poison hemlock smells rank and musty/mousy., Stem: yarrow has a solid, green, slightly hairy/woolly grooved stem with no purple. Poison hemlock has a hairless stem conspicuously blotched and streaked with red-purple, especially near the base., Leaf and size: yarrow leaves are soft, very finely divided and feathery on a low plant (usually under 60 cm). Poison hemlock is a tall (1.5-3 m) branching biennial with larger, glossy, more open fern-like leaves.
Key Test: Check the stem and smell. A solid green (often woolly) stem with soft feathery leaves and a sweet pine-like herbaceous scent = yarrow. A hairless stem with red-purple blotches and a musty/mousy smell = poison hemlock - deadly, do not put it to your mouth. If the stem is purple-blotched or the smell is musty, do not use it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note[21]Caution
Drug Class: anticoagulants-antiplatelets
Mechanism: Chamomile contains natural coumarin constituents and has been linked in a case report to increased bleeding when taken with warfarin, so caution is advised when combining it with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03
Safety note[22, 23, 24]Caution
Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants
Mechanism: Chamomile has calming, sedative effects (a randomised controlled trial found it reduces generalised-anxiety symptoms); taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03
Safety note[25]Caution
Drug Class: antidiabetics
Mechanism: Chamomile improved blood-sugar control (lower HbA1c and insulin resistance) in a trial in type 2 diabetes; combined with diabetes medicines it may add to blood-sugar lowering, so monitor blood sugar.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Pairings

Not documented

Chamomile and valerian are both traditional mild sedatives for restlessness and poor sleep; taken together they may enhance calming and sleep effects but also add to drowsiness.[23]

Partner Id: valeriana-officinalis
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Chamomile and lemon balm are both gentle calming herbs commonly combined for stress and sleep; used together their mild sedative effects may add up.[23]

Partner Id: melissa-officinalis
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Chamomile and passionflower are both gentle calming, sleep-supporting herbs traditionally combined; used together they may reinforce each other's soothing, sleep-promoting effect.[22, 23]

Partner Id: passiflora-incarnata
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

  1. Farasati Far, B., Behzad, G. and Khalili, H (2023) 'Achillea millefolium: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability', Heliyon, 9(12), pp. e22841. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841
  2. Akram, M (2013) 'Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn', The Journal of Membrane Biology, 246(9), pp. 661-663. doi:10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x
  3. Benedek, B. and Kopp, B (2007) 'Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use', Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 157(13-14), pp. 312-314. doi:10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9
  4. Li, H., Li, J., Liu, M., Xie, R., Zang, Y., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2021) 'Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L', Phytochemistry, 186, pp. 112733. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733
  5. Li, H., Liu, L., Gou, G., Xin, X., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolides from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 210, pp. 113647. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647
  6. Li, H., Akber Aisa, H. and Li, J (2023) 'Germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(4), pp. e202300079. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300079 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300079
  7. Li, H., Xu, N., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 216, pp. 113894. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894
  8. Huang, X., Xu, N., Liu, Z., Li, H., Lu, H. and Li, J (2024) 'Chemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(8), pp. e202400946. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202400946 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202400946
  9. Alomair, M.K., Alabduladheem, L.S., Almajed, M.A., Alobaid, A.A., Alkhalifah, E.A.R., Younis, N.S. and Mohamed, M.E (2022) 'Achillea millefolium essential oil mitigates peptic ulcer in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway', Molecules, 27(22), pp. 7908. doi:10.3390/molecules27227908 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227908
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  1. El Mihyaoui, A., Esteves da Silva, J.C.G., Charfi, S., Candela Castillo, M.E. and others (2022) 'Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses', Life, 12(4), pp. 479. doi:10.3390/life12040479 Meta-analysis / review
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  6. Dai, Y.L., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Niu, F.J. and others (2022) 'Chamomile: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Quality Control Studies', Molecules, 28(1), pp. 133. doi:10.3390/molecules28010133 Meta-analysis / review
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  7. Miraj, S. and Alesaeidi, S (2016) 'A systematic review study of therapeutic effects of Matricaria recutita chamomile (chamomile)', Electronic Physician, 8(9), pp. 3024-3031. doi:10.19082/3024 Meta-analysis / review
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  8. Amsterdam, J.D., Li, Y., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K. and others (2009) 'A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), pp. 378-382. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c Randomized trial
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  9. Park, S.H., Kim, D.S., Oh, J., Geum, J.H. and others (2021) 'Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Mice by Targeting Protein Catalytic Pathways, Myogenesis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction', The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 49(6), pp. 1493-1514. doi:10.1142/S0192415X21500701 Preclinical
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  25. Zemestani, M., Rafraf, M. and Asghari-Jafarabadi, M (2015) 'Chamomile tea improves glycemic indices and antioxidants status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus', Nutrition, 32(1), pp. 66-72. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.011 Randomized trial
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.