Plant Comparison

Cumin vs Chamomile

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ACuminCuminum cyminumApiaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BChamomileMatricaria chamomillaAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Cumin and Chamomile: they share 9 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, indigestion, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

CuminChamomile

Constituents14

Pharmacological actions511

Indicated uses1018

Safety notes34

Cited sources2725

Indicated uses

Only Cumin

Metabolic support

Shared (9)

Arthritis / joint painBloatingIndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Menstrual crampsMuscle spasmSkin irritationWounds

Only Chamomile

Back painBruisingEczemaHeadacheInsomnia / sleeplessnessPain (general)AnxietyLow mood / depressionBlood sugar / diabetes support

Pharmacological actions

Only Cumin

Antioxidant

Shared (4)

Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntispasmodicDigestive aid

Only Chamomile

Analgesic (pain relief)Emollient / skin-soothingSedative / sleep supportVulnerary (wound healing)Anxiolytic / calmingAntidepressant / mood supportAntidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Cumin	Chamomile	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	9/10	5/10	Stronger for Cumin
Bloating	10/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin
Indigestion	10/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin
Infection (general)	9/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin
Inflammation (general)	9/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin
Menstrual cramps	10/10	7/10	Stronger for Cumin
Muscle spasm	10/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin
Skin irritation	9/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin
Wounds	9/10	1/10	Stronger for Cumin

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Cuminaldehyde^[1]

Cuminaldehyde (4-isopropylbenzaldehyde) is the dominant constituent of cumin-seed essential oil (around two-thirds of the oil) and the main driver of its antimicrobial, antifungal (anti-aflatoxigenic) and antioxidant activity.

Essential (volatile) oil

Essential oil (alpha-bisabolol, chamazulene)^{[1, 6]}

The volatile oil, concentrated in the flower head, gives chamomile its characteristic blue colour (chamazulene) and much of its anti-inflammatory activity (alpha-bisabolol).

Essential (volatile) oilAlpha-bisabololChamazulene

Flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, rutin)^[10]

Apigenin is considered a key contributor to chamomile's sedative/anxiolytic activity via GABA-A receptor binding.

ApigeninQuercetinLuteolinRutinFlavonoids

Coumarins^[6]

Minor constituents (e.g. herniarin, umbelliferone) contributing to the mild antispasmodic action.

Coumarins

Mucilage polysaccharides^[10]

Contribute to the soothing, demulcent effect on irritated mucous membranes.

MucilagePolysaccharides

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}

Antimicrobial^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}

Antispasmodic^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]}

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]}

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Antimicrobial^{[1, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Antispasmodic^{[1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid^{[1, 5, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Emollient / skin-soothing^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Sedative / sleep support^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Anxiolytic / calming^{[3, 8]}

Antidepressant / mood support^[11]

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^[13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 9

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bloating^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]}Strong · 10/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 10

Label: Bloating

Indigestion^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]}Strong · 10/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 10

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 9

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 9

Label: Inflammation (general)

Menstrual cramps^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]}Strong · 10/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 10

Label: Menstrual cramps

Metabolic support^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26]}Strong · 10/10

Evidence: 10

Label: Metabolic support

Muscle spasm^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]}Strong · 10/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 10

Label: Muscle spasm

Skin irritation^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 9

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 9

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^{[12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Back pain

Bloating^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

Bruising^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bruising

Eczema^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from emollient action

Evidence: 1

Label: Eczema

Headache^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Headache

Indigestion^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Insomnia / sleeplessness^{[2, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Good · 7/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 7

Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness

Menstrual cramps^{[14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Good · 7/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 7

Label: Menstrual cramps

Muscle spasm^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Muscle spasm

Pain (general)^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Pain (general)

Skin irritation^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Anxiety^{[3, 8]}Moderate · 6/10

Evidence: 6

Label: Anxiety

Low mood / depression^[11]Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Low mood / depression

Blood sugar / diabetes support^[13]Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Info

Food amounts are generally considered safe; in the US it’s listed as GRAS as a spice/flavoring (LactMed, 2025).

Safety note^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]}Info

Allergy risk: cumin can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people; cross-reactivity is reported within Apiaceae spices (e.g., celery/coriander/fennel/cumin) and in “pollen–spice” allergy patterns (Lisiecka et al., 2025; Berghea et al., 2025).

Safety note^{[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates cumin as +++ and notes carminative, digestive, and aperitif activities at experimental levels (score 1). The plant demonstrates estrogenic activity in animal studies and has antifungal and antioxidant properties. Photodermatitic potential (phototoxicity) of the essential oil is noted — users should avoid sun exposure after topical application. Duke advises caution in pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue and antifertility effects at high medicinal doses (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Caution

Generally considered very safe when used as tea or topical preparations.Allergy risk: People allergic to ragweed, daisies, or other Asteraceae plants may react (itching, rash).Blood thinners: Chamomile may slightly enhance effects of anticoagulants—use large amounts cautiously.Pregnancy: Normal tea amounts are usually considered safe, but concentrated extracts should be used with caution.Topical use: Rare skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) highly for anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and wound-healing activities. The essential oil contains the potent anti-inflammatory compound alpha-bisabolol. Chamomile is Commission E approved for digestive complaints and topical wound care. Dose: 3 g dried flower heads per cup of water, three times daily. Alpha-bisabolol is noted as one of the most active natural anti-inflammatory compounds known. Caution: chamomile belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to ragweed, chrysanthemums, or related plants (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Caution

Generally very safe. Rare allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae family (ragweed, chrysanthemums). May cause contact dermatitis with topical essential oil use. Avoid very high doses in pregnancy. Well tolerated by children in appropriate amounts.

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]}Info

Scented mayweed (Matricaria chamomilla) shares the same species as German chamomile (see German Chamomile entry above). Duke (2002) provides the same clinical support: Commission E approves it for dyspeptic complaints (orally) and skin and mucous membrane inflammation (topically). Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and wound-healing activities are well-established (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 3034775

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840882-1

Wikidata: Q132624

Gbif: 8370958

Wikidata: Q28437

Botanical Description

Slender annual herb with finely divided, thread-like leaves similar to dill or fennel but smaller. Small white or pale pink flowers are borne in small compound umbels, followed by small, ridged, boat-shaped, strongly aromatic seeds.

Height: 20-30 cm

Habit: Slender, low-growing annual herb

Leaves: Finely divided, thread-like, similar to dill but smaller

Flowers: Small white or pale pink flowers in small compound umbels

Stem: Slender, branching

Root: Slender taproot

Fruit: Small, ridged, boat-shaped, strongly aromatic seed (mericarp)

Flowering Period: Summer

Aromatic annual herb, 15-60 cm tall, with an erect, much-branched, hairless stem. Leaves are alternate and finely bi- to tripinnately divided into thread-like segments, giving a feathery appearance. Flower heads are small daisy-like composites, 1-2.5 cm across, with white ray florets that reflex sharply downward as the flower matures around a conical, hollow, yellow disc of tubular florets - the hollow, conical receptacle is a key feature distinguishing German chamomile from similar-looking daisies. The fruit is a tiny ribbed achene without a pappus.^{[1, 10]}

Height: 15-60 cm

Habit: Erect, much-branched, aromatic annual herb

Leaves: Alternate, finely 2-3-pinnately divided into thread-like segments

Flowers: Small daisy-like heads with downward-reflexed white ray florets around a conical hollow yellow disc

Stem: Erect, much-branched, hairless

Root: Slender taproot

Fruit: Tiny ribbed achene, no pappus

Flowering Period: May-August

Habitat

Believed native to the eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia; cultivated widely in warm, dry climates including India, the Middle East and North Africa as a major spice crop.

Native to Europe and western Asia and now naturalised worldwide, growing on disturbed, sunny ground - arable field margins, waste places, roadsides and sandy or loamy soils; widely cultivated as a medicinal crop.^{[1, 6]}

Harvesting

The seed heads are cut when the fruit has ripened but before it shatters, usually in mid- to late summer, then dried and threshed.

Parts: Seed

Season: Mid- to late summer

Flower heads are hand- or machine-harvested at full bloom, when the ray florets are horizontal and just beginning to reflex, then dried quickly at low temperature and out of direct light to preserve the volatile oil.^[6]

Parts: Flower heads

Season: Late spring to summer, at full bloom

Traditional Uses

Cumin seed has an ancient culinary and medicinal history across the Middle East, South Asia and the Mediterranean as a warming digestive carminative for indigestion, bloating and cramping, and is one of the most widely used spices worldwide.

Chamomile is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in the world, with a long traditional history as a mild digestive, calming and anti-inflammatory remedy - taken as a tea for indigestion, cramping, and restlessness or poor sleep, and applied topically for skin and mucous-membrane inflammation and wound healing. Modern reviews confirm anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative/anxiolytic and antimicrobial pharmacological activity supporting these traditional uses.^{[1, 6, 10]}

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Preparations

Not documented

Infusion (tea)^{[6, 10]}

Dried flower heads steeped in hot water, the classic way of taking chamomile for digestive complaints, mild anxiety and sleep support.

Essential oil^[1]

Steam-distilled from the flower heads; a concentrated source of alpha-bisabolol and chamazulene, used mainly in topical and aromatherapy preparations.

Topical cream/compress^[12]

Concentrated extract or infused oil applied to skin, or as a compress - a randomised controlled trial found a topical chamomile oil preparation effective for knee osteoarthritis pain.

Dosage

Not documented

Infusion (tea)^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}

Traditional guidance and Duke (2002) suggest about 3 g of dried flower heads per cup of water, taken up to three times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

Not documented

REF-1153, REF-1154, REF-1155, REF-1156, REF-1157, REF-1158, REF-1159, REF-1160, REF-1161, REF-1162, REF-2348, REF-2349, REF-2350, REF-2351

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^[21]Caution

Drug Class: anticoagulants-antiplatelets

Mechanism: Chamomile contains natural coumarin constituents and has been linked in a case report to increased bleeding when taken with warfarin, so caution is advised when combining it with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[22, 23, 24]}Caution

Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants

Mechanism: Chamomile has calming, sedative effects (a randomised controlled trial found it reduces generalised-anxiety symptoms); taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^[25]Caution

Drug Class: antidiabetics

Mechanism: Chamomile improved blood-sugar control (lower HbA1c and insulin resistance) in a trial in type 2 diabetes; combined with diabetes medicines it may add to blood-sugar lowering, so monitor blood sugar.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Pairings

Not documented

Chamomile and valerian are both traditional mild sedatives for restlessness and poor sleep; taken together they may enhance calming and sleep effects but also add to drowsiness.^[23]

Partner Id: valeriana-officinalis

Type: synergy

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Chamomile and lemon balm are both gentle calming herbs commonly combined for stress and sleep; used together their mild sedative effects may add up.^[23]

Partner Id: melissa-officinalis

Type: synergy

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Chamomile and passionflower are both gentle calming, sleep-supporting herbs traditionally combined; used together they may reinforce each other's soothing, sleep-promoting effect.^{[22, 23]}

Partner Id: passiflora-incarnata

Type: synergy

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

Ben Miri, Y. and Djenane, D (2018) 'Evaluation of Protective Impact of Algerian Cuminum cyminum L. and Coriandrum sativum L. Essential Oils on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production', Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(2), pp. 67--77. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2018.67.77 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2018.67.77
Allaq, A.A. and Sidik, N.J (2020) 'Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.): A review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities'. Available at: https://bmrat.org/index.php/BMRAT/article/view/634 Traditional / reference
https://bmrat.org/index.php/BMRAT/article/view/634
Berghea, E.C. et al (2025) 'Spices, herbs and allergic reactions in children: myth or reality?'. doi:10.3389/falgy.2025.1698559/full Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1698559/full
Britannica (2025) 'Cumin'. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/plant/cumin Traditional / reference
https://www.britannica.com/plant/cumin
EUR-Lex (2015) 'Official Journal of the European Union C 76/2015 (Latvian text; includes “Romiešu ķimenes (cumin)'. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/LV/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ%3AC%3A2015%3A076%3AFULL Traditional / reference
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/LV/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ%3AC%3A2015%3A076%3AFULL
EUR-Lex (2020) 'Official Journal of the European Union C 108/2020 (Latvian text; includes “kumins (romiešu ķimenes)'. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/LV/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52020XC0401%2804%29 Traditional / reference
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/LV/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52020XC0401%2804%29
http://letonika.lv/ (2021) 'Latviešu—angļu vārdnīca: ķimenes (includes “Romiešu ķimenes = cumin'. Available at: http://letonika.lv/ Traditional / reference
http://letonika.lv/
Karimian, J. et al (2021) 'The effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis'. doi:10.1002/ptr.7075 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7075
KPBS (2015) 'Cumin: The Ancient Spice That'. Available at: https://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/03/11/cumin-the-ancient-spice-thats-traveled-the-globe Traditional / reference
https://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/03/11/cumin-the-ancient-spice-thats-traveled-the-globe
LactMed (2025) 'Cumin'. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501873/ Traditional / reference
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501873/
Lisiecka, M.F. et al (2025) 'Allergic reactions to spices: a review of sensitivities to pepper, cumin, oregano, anise, mustard and other spices'. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40341008/ Traditional / reference
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40341008/
Liu, M. et al (2025) 'Potential benefits of Cuminum cyminum L'. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1618108/full Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1618108/full
Morshedi, D. et al (2015) 'Cuminaldehyde as the Major Component of Cuminum cyminum…', 80(10), pp. H2336--H2345. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13016 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13016
Nabhan, G.P (2014) 'Cumin, Camels, and Caravans: A Spice Odyssey'. Available at: https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520379244/cumin-camels-and-caravans Traditional / reference
https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520379244/cumin-camels-and-caravans
Nouri, A. et al (2024) 'Phytochemical composition… (includes GC–MS profile of cumin seed essential oil)'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11606850/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11606850/
PubChem (n.d.). Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cumin-Oil Traditional / reference
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cumin-Oil
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Cuminum cyminum L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840882-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840882-1
SekoEko (n.d.) 'Kumīns, ķimenes un citi līdzinieki!'. Available at: https://sekoeko.lv/lv/kumins-kimenes-un-citi-lidzinieki Traditional / reference
https://sekoeko.lv/lv/kumins-kimenes-un-citi-lidzinieki
Tavakoli-Rouzbehani, O.M. et al (2022) 'The effects of cumin supplementation on lipid parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9881733/ Meta-analysis / review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9881733/
Vikipēdija (n.d.). Available at: https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%ABns Traditional / reference
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%ABns
Wikisource (2018) '1911 Encyclopædia Britannica: Cumin'. Available at: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cumin Traditional / reference
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cumin
Amin, E.A., Ismail, E., Mahboobeh, R. and Tabandeh, S (2024) 'The effect of Cuminum cyminum on the return of bowel motility after abdominal surgery: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1). doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04530-1 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04530-1
Hadi, A., Mohammadi, H., Hadi, Z., Roshanravan, N. and Kafeshani, M (2018) 'Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a safe approach for management of lipid parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Phytotherapy Research, 32(11), pp. 2146--2154. doi:10.1002/ptr.6162 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6162
Tavakoli-Rouzbehani, O.M., Faghfouri, A.H., Anbari, M., Papi, S., Shojaei, F.S., Ghaffari, M. and Alizadeh, M (2021) 'The effects of Cuminum cyminum on glycemic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, pp. 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114510 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114510
Karimian, J., Farrokhzad, A. and Jalili, C (2021) 'The effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Phytotherapy Research, 35(8), pp. 4127--4135. doi:10.1002/ptr.7075 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7075
Morovati, A., Pourghassem Gargari, B. and Sarbakhsh, P (2019) 'Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil supplementation on metabolic syndrome components: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial', Phytotherapy Research, 33(12), pp. 3261--3269. doi:10.1002/ptr.6500 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6500
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition

El Mihyaoui, A., Esteves da Silva, J.C.G., Charfi, S., Candela Castillo, M.E. and others (2022) 'Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses', Life, 12(4), pp. 479. doi:10.3390/life12040479 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040479
Kazemi, A., Shojaei-Zarghani, S., Eskandarzadeh, P. and Hashempur, M.H (2024) 'Effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials', Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 84, pp. 103071. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103071 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103071
Mao, J.J., Xie, S.X., Keefe, J.R., Soeller, I. and others (2016) 'Long-term chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial', Phytomedicine, 23(14), pp. 1735-1742. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.012 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.012
Amsterdam, J.D., Li, Q.S., Xie, S.X. and Mao, J.J (2020) 'Putative Antidepressant Effect of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Oral Extract in Subjects with Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression', Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26(9), pp. 813-819. doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0252 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0252
McKay, D.L. and Blumberg, J.B (2006) 'A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.)', Phytotherapy Research, 20(7), pp. 519-530. doi:10.1002/ptr.1900 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1900
Dai, Y.L., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Niu, F.J. and others (2022) 'Chamomile: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Quality Control Studies', Molecules, 28(1), pp. 133. doi:10.3390/molecules28010133 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010133
Miraj, S. and Alesaeidi, S (2016) 'A systematic review study of therapeutic effects of Matricaria recutita chamomile (chamomile)', Electronic Physician, 8(9), pp. 3024-3031. doi:10.19082/3024 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.19082/3024
Amsterdam, J.D., Li, Y., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K. and others (2009) 'A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), pp. 378-382. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c
Park, S.H., Kim, D.S., Oh, J., Geum, J.H. and others (2021) 'Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Mice by Targeting Protein Catalytic Pathways, Myogenesis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction', The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 49(6), pp. 1493-1514. doi:10.1142/S0192415X21500701 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X21500701
Singh, O., Khanam, Z., Misra, N. and Srivastava, M.K (2011) 'Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): An overview', Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), pp. 82-95. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79103 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79103
Amsterdam, J.D., Shults, J., Soeller, I., Mao, J.J., Rockwell, K. and Newberg, A.B (2012) 'Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study', Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 18(5), pp. 44-49. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chamomile%20%28Matricaria%20recutita%29%20may%20provide%20antidepressant%20activity%20in%20anxious%2C%20depressed%20humans%3A%20an%20exploratory%20study
Shoara, R., Hashempur, M.H., Ashraf, A., Salehi, A., Dehshahri, S. and Habibagahi, Z (2015) 'Efficacy and safety of topical Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile) oil for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial', Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21(3), pp. 181-187. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.06.003 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.06.003
Zemestani, M., Rafraf, M. and Asghari-Jafarabadi, M (2016) 'Chamomile tea improves glycemic indices and antioxidants status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus', Nutrition, 32(1), pp. 66-72. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.011 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.011
Niazi, A. and Moradi, M (2021) 'The effect of chamomile on pain and menstrual bleeding in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review', International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 9(3), pp. 174-186. doi:10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.87219.1417 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.87219.1417
European Medicines Agency (2015) 'European Union herbal monograph on Matricaria recutita L., flos'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=European%20Union%20herbal%20monograph%20on%20Matricaria%20recutita%20L.%2C%20flos
Hoffmann, D (2003) 'Medical Herbalism'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Medical%20Herbalism
Padula, M.C (2006) 'Chamomile: industrial profiles'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chamomile%3A%20industrial%20profiles
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org
Srivastava, J.K., Shankar, E. and Gupta, S (2010) 'Chamomile: a herbal medicine of the past with bright future', 3(6), pp. 895--901. doi:10.3892/mmr.2010.377 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2010.377
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Segal, R. and Pilote, L (2006) 'Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla', CMAJ, 174(9), pp. 1281-1282. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051191 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051191
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201
Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003
Amsterdam, J.D., Li, Y., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K., Mao, J.J. and Shults, J (2009) 'A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), pp. 378-382. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c
Zemestani, M., Rafraf, M. and Asghari-Jafarabadi, M (2015) 'Chamomile tea improves glycemic indices and antioxidants status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus', Nutrition, 32(1), pp. 66-72. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.011 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.011

Cumin monograph Chamomile monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.