Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Boswellia vs Peppermint
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Boswellia and Peppermint: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, back pain, headache, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Boswellia | Peppermint | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 9/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Boswellia |
| Back pain | 7/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Boswellia |
| Headache | 7/10 | 8/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Inflammation (general) | 5/10 | 5/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Pain (general) | 9/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Boswellia |
| Skin irritation | 5/10 | 5/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
The principal anti-inflammatory compounds; AKBA inhibits 5-lipoxygenase. Absorption improves when taken with a high-fat meal.
Additional constituents of the oleo-gum-resin.
Menthol is the dominant constituent of the leaf oil, responsible for the cooling sensation and much of the antispasmodic and analgesic activity.
Phenolic antioxidants of the leaf.
Pharmacological Actions
Anti-inflammatory (inhibits 5-lipoxygenase / leukotriene synthesis and NF-kB signalling); Reduces inflammatory markers (e.g. hs-CRP) and, in one RCT, improved knee joint-space and reduced osteophytes on radiograph
Boswellic acids, especially acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) from Boswellia serrata, induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, invasion and metastasis across lung, colorectal and prostate cancers (preclinical, incl. in vivo).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
Osteoarthritis: reduces joint pain and stiffness and improves function (over at least 4 weeks); Supports inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis
Boswellia serrata resin and its triterpenoid AKBA arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer, suppress colitis-associated colorectal cancer (NF-kB, gut microbiota) and inhibit prostate cancer (IL-17 pathway) in vitro and in vivo (preclinical).
Supportive in inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease)
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Analgesic (pain relief); Osteoarthritis: reduces joint pain and stiffness and improves function (over at least 4 weeks)
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally well tolerated; the most commonly reported side effects are mild gastrointestinal symptoms, and allergic reactions are rare.
Boswellic acids can affect drug-metabolising enzymes, so caution is advised when taking other medicines; safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established, so avoid medicinal doses.
Generally very safe. Essential oil should not be applied to the face or chest of infants or children — menthol can cause respiratory depression. Avoid enteric-coated capsules if taking antacids or acid-suppressing drugs. May worsen GERD by relaxing the lower oesophageal sphincter. Avoid in bile duct obstruction and gallstones.
Duke (2002) rates peppermint as +++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antispasmodic activity, consistent with Commission E approval for IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) using enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules. Enteric-coated peppermint oil is one of the most clinically validated herbal treatments for IBS, reducing abdominal pain and spasm. Dose: 0.6 ml enteric-coated oil two to three times daily between meals (for IBS); 1.5–3 g dried leaf as tea three times daily for digestive complaints. Peppermint should not be applied near the face or nostrils of infants and small children (risk of laryngospasm from menthol). Contraindicated in cholelithiasis (gallstones) (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Small to medium deciduous tree with thin, papery, peeling bark. The leaves are pinnately compound with numerous small, toothed leaflets, clustered toward the branch tips. Small, pale yellow to white flowers are borne in axillary racemes. When the bark is cut, it exudes a fragrant, resinous gum (oleo-gum-resin) that hardens into pale, waxy tears - the medicinal part.[12]
Perennial herb, 30-90 cm tall, a sterile natural hybrid (Mentha aquatica x M. spicata) that spreads by rhizomes and surface stolons rather than viable seed. Stems are square, often purple-tinged. Leaves are opposite, lance-shaped to ovate with a sharply toothed margin, and release a strong menthol scent when crushed. Small, pale purple flowers are borne in dense, interrupted terminal spikes.[2]
Habitat
Native to dry, rocky, hilly terrain of India and parts of the Middle East and North Africa, where it is tapped for its resin much like frankincense (Boswellia sacra).[12]
A cultivated hybrid grown worldwide as a crop and garden herb, propagated vegetatively since it rarely sets viable seed; naturalised in damp ground - streambanks, ditches and waste places - in temperate regions.[2]
Harvesting
The bark is deliberately incised and the exuded oleo-gum-resin is allowed to harden and is collected over several days to weeks, then cleaned and graded before use or extraction.[12]
Aerial parts are cut at or just before full flowering (mid- to late summer), when the essential-oil (menthol) content peaks, then dried quickly out of direct sun, or distilled fresh for essential oil.[3]
Traditional Uses
Boswellia resin (salai guggul) is a mainstay of Ayurvedic medicine for inflammatory joint and respiratory conditions, and has been burned as incense across many cultures. Modern standardised extracts, rich in boswellic acids, are used for osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory conditions, directly building on this traditional anti-inflammatory reputation.[12]
Peppermint has one of the best-documented traditional uses of any herb - as a carminative and antispasmodic for indigestion, bloating and colic. Enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules are among the most clinically validated herbal treatments for irritable bowel syndrome, and topical or inhaled peppermint oil is traditionally and clinically used for tension-type headache and muscular aches.[1, 2, 4, 5]
Preparations
Resin extract standardised to boswellic acid (often AKBA) content, taken as capsules or tablets, ideally with a fat-containing meal to aid absorption.
Dried leaf steeped in hot water, the classic digestive tea.
Standardised peppermint oil in enteric-coated capsules, the clinically studied form for irritable bowel syndrome, releasing the oil in the intestine rather than the stomach.
Diluted essential oil applied to the temples and neck for tension-type headache.
Dosage
Clinical trials in osteoarthritis commonly use extracts providing around 100-250 mg of boswellic acids (or several hundred mg of standardised extract) daily, in divided doses, taken with food. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Duke (2002) and Commission E guidance: about 0.6 mL enteric-coated oil two to three times daily between meals for IBS-type digestive complaints. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Lookalikes Review
References & Sources
- Siddiqui, M.Z (2011) 'Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview', Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 73(3), pp. 255-261. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.93507 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.93507 - Majeed, M., Majeed, S., Narayanan, N.K. and Nagabhushanam, K (2019) 'A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee', Phytotherapy Research, 33(5), pp. 1457--1468. doi:10.1002/ptr.6338 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6338 - Karlapudi, V., Sunkara, K.B., Konda, P.R., Sarma, K.V. and Rokkam, M.P (2022) 'Efficacy and Safety of Aflapin, a Novel Boswellia serrata Extract, in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Short-Term 30-Day Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study', Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 42(2), pp. 159-168. doi:10.1080/07315724.2021.2014370 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.2014370 - Kirste, S., Treier, M., Wehrle, S.J., Becker, G., Abdel-Tawab, M., Gerbeth, K., Hug, M.J., Lubrich, B., Grosu, A.L. and Momm, F (2011) 'Boswellia serrata acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial', Cancer, 117(16), pp. 3788-3795. doi:10.1002/cncr.25945 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25945 - Abdel-Tawab, M., Werz, O. and Schubert-Zsilavecz, M (2011) 'Boswellia serrata: an overall assessment of in vitro, preclinical, pharmacokinetic and clinical data', Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 50(6), pp. 349-369. doi:10.2165/11586800-000000000-00000 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2165/11586800-000000000-00000 - Gomaa, A.A., Mohamed, H.S., Abd-Ellatief, R.B. and Gomaa, M.A (2021) 'Boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic agent in the elderly', Inflammopharmacology, 29(4), pp. 1033-1048. doi:10.1007/s10787-021-00841-8 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00841-8 - Khan, M.A., Ali, R., Parveen, R., Najmi, A.K. and Ahmad, S (2016) 'Pharmacological evidences for cytotoxic and antitumor properties of Boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 191, pp. 315-323. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.053 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.053 - Ammon, H.P.T (2010) 'Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids', Phytomedicine, 17(11), pp. 862-867. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.003 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.003 - Alluri, V.K., Kundimi, S., Sengupta, K., Golakoti, T. and Kilari, E.K (2020) 'An Anti-Inflammatory Composition of Boswellia serrata Resin Extracts Alleviates Pain and Protects Cartilage in Monoiodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, pp. 7381625. doi:10.1155/2020/7381625 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7381625 - Henrotin, Y., Dierckxsens, Y., Delisse, G., Maes, N. and Albert, A (2022) 'Curcuma and Boswellia serrata extract combination for hand osteoarthritis: an open-label pre-post trial', Pharmaceutical Biology, 60(1), pp. 2295-2299. doi:10.1080/13880209.2022.2147550 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2022.2147550 - Cherepanova, M.O. and Subotyalov, M.A (2023) 'Component Composition and Biological Activity of Oleo-Gum Resin from Boswellia serrata (Burseraceae)', Doklady Biological Sciences, 512(1), pp. 336-342. doi:10.1134/S0012496623700643 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496623700643 - Ammon, H.P.T (2016) 'Boswellic Acids and Their Role in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases', Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_13 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_13 - Yu, G., Xiang, W., Zhang, T., Zeng, L., Yang, K. and Li, J (2020) 'Effectiveness of Boswellia and Boswellia extract for osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02985-6 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02985-6 - Lv, M. and Shao, S. and Zhang, Q. and Zhuang, X. and Qiao, T (2020) 'Acetyl-11-Keto-beta-Boswellic Acid Exerts the Anti-Cancer Effects via Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Induction and Autophagy Suppression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells', OncoTargets and Therapy, 13, pp. 733-744. doi:10.2147/OTT.S236346 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S236346 - Xu, F. and Li, W. and Zheng, X.-J. and Hao, Y. and Yang, Y.-H. and Yang, H. and Zhang, S. and Cao, W.-X. and Li, X.-X. and Zhang, X. and Du, G.-H. and Ji, T.-F. and Wang, J.-H (2025) '3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-beta-Boswellic Acid Suppresses Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the NF-kB Signaling Pathway and Remodeling Gut Microbiota', Oncology Research, 33(8), pp. 1969-1989. doi:10.32604/or.2025.062386 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2025.062386 - Zou, B. and Liu, Q. and Long, Y. and Dai, X. and Tian, X. and Zhou, Q (2025) 'Network Pharmacology Combined with Proteomics Reveals That 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic Acid Inhibits the Progression of Prostate Cancer by Regulating the IL-17 Signaling Pathway', ACS Omega, 10(21), pp. 21813-21822. doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c01683 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c01683 - Ragab, E.A. and Abd El-Wahab, M.F. and Doghish, A.S. and Salama, R.M. and Eissa, N. and Darwish, S.F (2023) 'The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities', Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 397(3), pp. 1477-1504. doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02725-w Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02725-w - Liu, X., Machado, G.C., Eyles, J.P., Ravi, V. and Hunter, D.J (2018) 'Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis', British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(3), pp. 167--175. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097333 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097333
- McKay, D.L. and Blumberg, J.B (2006) 'A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.)', Phytotherapy Research, 20(8), pp. 619-633. doi:10.1002/ptr.1936 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1936 - Mahendran, G. and Rahman, L.U (2020) 'Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.)-A review', Phytotherapy Research, 34(9), pp. 2088-2139. doi:10.1002/ptr.6664 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6664 - Zhao, H., Ren, S., Yang, H., Tang, S. and others (2022) 'Peppermint essential oil: its phytochemistry, biological activity, pharmacological effect and application', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 154, pp. 113559. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113559 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113559 - Keifer, D., Ulbricht, C., Abrams, T.R., Basch, E. and others (2007) 'Peppermint (Mentha piperita): an evidence-based systematic review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration', Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 7(2), pp. 91-143. doi:10.1300/j157v07n02_07 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1300/j157v07n02_07 - Gobel, H., Heinze, A., Heinze-Kuhn, K., Gobel, A. and Gobel, C (2016) 'Peppermint oil in the acute treatment of tension-type headache', Schmerz, 30(3), pp. 295-310. doi:10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6 - Nair, B (2001) 'Final report on the safety assessment of Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, and Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Water', International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 3), pp. 61-73. doi:10.1080/10915810152902592 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810152902592 - Kobayashi, T., Sugaya, K., Onose, J. and Abe, N (2019) 'Peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract effectively inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) mRNA induction in rifampicin-treated HepG2 cells', Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 83(7), pp. 1181-1192. doi:10.1080/09168451.2019.1608802 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2019.1608802 - Romero, M.C., Navarro, M.C., Martin-Sanchez, J. and Valero, A (2014) 'Peppermint (Mentha piperita) and albendazole against anisakiasis in an animal model', Tropical Medicine & International Health, 19(12), pp. 1430-1436. doi:10.1111/tmi.12399 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12399 - Riachi, L.G. and De Maria, C.A.B (2015) 'Peppermint antioxidants revisited', Food Chemistry, 176, pp. 72-81. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.028 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.028 - Herro, E. and Jacob, S.E (2010) 'Mentha piperita (peppermint)', Dermatitis, 21(6), pp. 327-329. doi:10.2310/6620.2011.10080 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2310/6620.2011.10080 - Sun, Z. and Wang, H. and Wang, J. and Zhou, L. and Yang, P (2014) 'Chemical Composition and Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Mentha piperita Grown in China', PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114767 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114767 - Farco, J.A. and Grundmann, O (2012) 'Menthol - Pharmacology of an Important Naturally Medicinal “Cool”', Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. doi:10.2174/138955713804484686 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/138955713804484686 - Geuenich, S. and Goffinet, C. and Venzke, S. and Nolkemper, S. and Baumann, I. and Plinkert, P.K. and Reichling, J. and Keppler, O.T (2008) 'Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density', Retrovirology. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-27 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-5-27 - Nolkemper, S. and Reichling, J. and Stintzing, F.C. and Carle, R. and Schnitzler, P (2006) 'Antiviral Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Species of the Lamiaceae Family against Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 in vitro', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951719 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-951719 - Mahady, G.B. and Pendland, S.L. and Stoia, A. and Hamill, F.A. and Fabricant, D.G. and Dietz, B.M. and Chadwick, L.R (2005) 'In Vitro susceptibility ofHelicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.1776 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1776 - Tullio, V.C. and Roana, J. and Scalas, D. and Mandras, N (2019) 'Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) of Pancalieri (Turin, Italy) Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Interaction with Azoles', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules24173148 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173148 - Neves, A. and Rosa, S. and Gonçalves, J. and Rufino, A.T. and Judas, F. and Salgueiro, L. and Lopes, M.C. and Cavaleiro, C. and Mendes, A (2009) 'Screening of Five Essential Oils for Identification of Potential Inhibitors of IL-1-induced Nf-κB Activation and NO Production in Human Chondrocytes: Characterization of the Inhibitory Activity ofα-Pinene', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1186085 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1186085 - Wu, Z. and Tan, B. and Liu, Y. and Dunn, J.L. and Guerola, P.M. and Tortajada, M. and Cao, Z. and Ji, P (2019) 'Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Peppermint, Native Spearmint and Scotch Spearmint', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules24152825 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152825 - Bojić, M. and Maleš, Ž. and Antolić, A. and Babić, I. and Tomičić, M (2019) 'Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species', Acta Pharmaceutica. doi:10.2478/acph-2019-0050 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2019-0050 - Dorman, H.J.D. and Koşar, M. and Kahlos, K. and Holm, Y. and Hiltunen, R (2003) 'Antioxidant Properties and Composition of Aqueous Extracts from Mentha Species, Hybrids, Varieties, and Cultivars', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/jf034108k Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034108k - Benabdallah, A. and Boumendjel, M. and Aissi, O. and Rahmoune, C. and Boussaïd, M. and Messaoud, C (2018) 'Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory of wild Mentha species from northeastern Algeria', South African Journal of Botany. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.03.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.03.002 - Ayaz, M. and Sadiq, A. and Junaid, M. and Ullah, F. and Subhan, F. and Ahmed, J (2017) 'Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants', Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168 - Vladimir‐Knežević, S. and Blažeković, B. and Kindl, M. and Vladić, J. and Lower-Nedza, A.D. and Brantner, A (2014) 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules19010767 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3037 - Orhan, İ.E. and Kartal, M. and Kan, Y. and Şener, B (2008) 'Activity of Essential Oils and Individual Components against Acetyland Butyrylcholinesterase', Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. doi:10.1515/znc-2008-7-813 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-7-813 - Zeljkovıć, S.Ć. and Šišková, J. and Komzáková, K. and Diego, N.D. and Kaffková, K. and Tarkowski, P (2021) 'Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Mentha Species', Plants. doi:10.3390/plants10030550 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030550 - Desam, N.R. and Al-Rajab, A.J. and Sharma, M. and Mylabathula, M.M. and Gowkanapalli, R.R. and Albratty, M (2017) 'Chemical constituents, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha×Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oils', Journal of King Saud University - Science. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.013 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.013 - Husain, F.M. and Ahmad, I. and Khan, M.S. and Ahmad, E. and Tahseen, Q. and Khan, M.S. and Al‐Shabib, N.A (2015) 'Sub-MICs of Mentha piperita essential oil and menthol inhibits AHL mediated quorum sensing and biofilm of Gram-negative bacteria', Frontiers in Microbiology. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00420 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00420 - Khayyal, M.T. and El‐Ghazaly, M.A. and Kenawy, S.A. and Seif-El-Nasr, M. and Mahran, L. and Kafafi, Y. and Okpanyi, S (2011) 'Antiulcerogenic Effect of Some Gastrointestinally Acting Plant Extracts and their Combination', Arzneimittelforschung. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1300078 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1300078 - Singh, R. and Shushni, M.A.M. and Belkheir, A.K (2011) 'Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L', Arabian Journal of Chemistry. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.01.019 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.01.019 - Dorman, H.J.D. and Koşar, M. and Başer, K.H.C. and Hiltunen, R (2009) 'Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Evaluation of Mentha x Piperita L. (Peppermint) Extracts', Natural Product Communications. doi:10.1177/1934578x0900400419 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400419 - İşcan, G. and Kırımer, N. and Kürkçüoğlu, M. and Başer, H.C. and Demi̇rci̇, F (2002) 'Antimicrobial Screening of Mentha piperita Essential Oils', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/jf011476k Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011476k - Akdogan, M. et al (2004) 'Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita labiatae and Mentha spicata labiatae on kidney tissue in rats', 23(7), pp. 321--327. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Investigation%20of%20biochemical%20and%20histopathological%20effects%20of%20Mentha%20piperita%20labiatae%20and%20Mentha%20spicata%20labiatae%20on%20kidney%20tissue%20in%20rats - Grigoleit, H.G. and Grigoleit, P (2005) 'Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome', 12(8), pp. 601--606. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Peppermint%20oil%20in%20irritable%20bowel%20syndrome - Mas-Coma, S (2004) 'Fasciolosis in humans'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Fasciolosis%20in%20humans - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.