Plant Comparison
Yarrow vs Meadowsweet
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Yarrow and Meadowsweet: they share 12 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), indigestion, …); 6 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Yarrow | Meadowsweet | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Indigestion | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Infection (general) | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Inflammation (general) | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Menstrual cramps | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Muscle spasm | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Swelling / fluid retention | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Urinary support | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Wounds | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Chamazulene (blue colour), sabinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor and alpha-bisabolol.
Antioxidant and antispasmodic flavonoids.
Contribute to anti-inflammatory and astringent activity.
Compounds traditionally linked to the haemostatic (styptic) effect.
Historically the source of aspirin's chemical inspiration; provide the plant's analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, buffered by co-occurring mucilage and tannins.
Antioxidant constituents contributing to the plant's anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects.
Contribute to astringency and the characteristic sweet almond-like fragrance.
Pharmacological Actions
Preclinical antiproliferative activity of yarrow flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids (e.g. centaureidin, casticin) against human tumour cell lines.
Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from bitter-tonic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from vulnerary action
Antiproliferative activity of Achillea millefolium extracts and constituents (centaureidin, casticin) against HeLa, MCF-7 and A431 cancer cell lines (preclinical).
Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)
Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)
inferred from styptic action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from gastroprotective action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anticancer action
inferred from gastroprotective action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally very safe. Rarely causes contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (sesquiterpene lactones, same Asteraceae family). Avoid high doses during pregnancy (emmenagogue at large doses). May increase photosensitivity. Allergic reactions uncommon but possible in those sensitive to Asteraceae plants.
Duke (2002) rates yarrow as ++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic, aperitif, and astringent activities, consistent with Commission E (KOM) approval for loss of appetite and dyspeptic ailments. Yarrow contains achillin, achilleic acid, and apigenin — compounds with anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties. Traditional use for wound healing, fever management, and digestive complaints is well-supported. Dose: 2–4 g dried herb as tea three times daily. Caution: yarrow belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; rare contact dermatitis from sesquiterpene lactones has been reported. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue effects (Duke, 2002).
As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) it can cause allergic reactions or contact dermatitis in sensitive people, and handling the fresh plant in sunlight can occasionally cause photosensitivity.
Medicinal use is traditionally avoided in pregnancy (can stimulate the uterus and influence menstruation); caution while breastfeeding.
May interact with anticoagulant, sedative and blood-pressure medications and with drugs metabolised by the liver; seek professional advice if on regular medication.
Correct identification is essential, as several poisonous white-flowered umbellifers can be confused with yarrow; clinical evidence in humans is limited.
Generally safe in normal culinary and medicinal doses. Avoid in salicylate sensitivity or aspirin allergy. Not recommended for children with viral illnesses (Reye's syndrome risk, as with other salicylate-containing plants). Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Duke (2002) rates meadowsweet as ++ and notes analgesic, antiulcer, antirheumatic, astringent, and anti-aggregant activities at the experimental level (score 1). The plant is historically significant as a precursor to aspirin — salicylate compounds in meadowsweet were originally used to derive acetylsalicylic acid. Unlike aspirin, meadowsweet's salicylates are combined with protective mucilaginous compounds that may reduce gastric irritation. Duke notes that individuals with aspirin (salicylate) sensitivity should avoid meadowsweet; the plant also has anticoagulant properties that may interact with blood-thinning medications (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Aromatic, rhizomatous perennial herb with erect, grooved, softly hairy stems arising in clumps from a creeping rootstock. The leaves are alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments, giving the whole plant a soft, fern-like texture (hence 'millefolium', thousand-leaved). Numerous small white to pale-pink flower heads are borne in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs at the stem tips. The plant has a sweet, herbaceous, slightly medicinal aroma when crushed.[12]
Tall, moisture-loving perennial herb with pinnately compound leaves, dark green above and whitish-downy beneath, the leaflets sharply toothed. Dense, fluffy, creamy-white flower clusters with a strong, sweet, almond-like fragrance are borne atop reddish, grooved stems.[1]
Habitat
A common plant of grassland, meadows, roadsides, pastures and waste ground on a wide range of soils; native throughout Europe and temperate Asia and now naturalised across North America, Australia and New Zealand.[12]
Grows in damp meadows, marshes, riverbanks, ditches and wet woodland margins; native to Europe and temperate Asia, favouring moist, nutrient-rich ground.[1]
Harvesting
The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut as the flat-topped corymbs open, in mid- to late summer, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the essential oil and colour.[12]
The flowering tops, leaf and stem are cut in summer as the flowers open, when the characteristic salicylate content is highest, and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place.[1]
Traditional Uses
Yarrow has an ancient reputation as a wound herb (its old name 'staunchweed' and its association with Achilles reflect traditional use to stop bleeding and heal wounds) and as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic remedy for feverish colds, spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, hepatobiliary disorders and gynaecological complaints. The flowering herb is classically taken as a hot infusion at the onset of a cold or fever to promote sweating, and used as a bitter tonic to stimulate appetite and digestion.[2, 12]
Meadowsweet is historically significant as the plant from which salicylic acid derivatives (the chemical basis of aspirin) were first isolated, and has long been used in European folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastroprotective remedy for feverish colds, rheumatic and joint pain, and digestive complaints such as acid reflux and indigestion - notably, its natural mucilage is thought to buffer the gastric irritation associated with isolated salicylates.[1, 4]
Preparations
Dried flowering herb infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic tea, traditionally taken hot at the onset of colds and fevers.
Tincture of the herb, ethanol 45% V/V, 2-4 ml three times daily. The EU herbal monograph gives the ethanol strength but states no drug-extract ratio, so no 1:5 ratio is claimed here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Fresh crushed leaf or flowering tops applied directly to minor cuts and wounds, reflecting the traditional styptic (bleeding-stopping) and vulnerary use.
Steam-distilled from the flowering tops; the chamazulene-rich blue oil is used in low dilution for its anti-inflammatory action.
Dried flower, leaf and stem infused in hot water as a traditional anti-inflammatory and digestive tea.
Tincture (1:5) of the dried aerial parts; single dose 2-4 ml, daily dose 6-12 ml per the EU herbal monograph. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Concentrated extract studied in vitro and in vivo for anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity.
Dosage
The EU herbal monograph gives 1.5-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150-250 mL of boiling water as an infusion, three or four times daily between meals; for loss of appetite the liquid preparations are taken 30 minutes before meals. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph gives 2-4 mL three times daily in adolescents, adults and elderly. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph gives a single dose of 1.5-6 g of the comminuted herb as an infusion, for a daily dose of 2-18 g, in adults and elderly; a powdered herbal substance at 250-500 mg per dose (250-1500 mg daily) and a 1:5 tincture at 2-4 mL per dose (6-12 mL daily) are also listed. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to salicylates. For rheumatic-type complaints, not to be used for more than 4 weeks. Not recommended under 18 years. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
- Farasati Far, B., Behzad, G. and Khalili, H (2023) 'Achillea millefolium: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability', Heliyon, 9(12), pp. e22841. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 - Akram, M (2013) 'Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn', The Journal of Membrane Biology, 246(9), pp. 661-663. doi:10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x - Benedek, B. and Kopp, B (2007) 'Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use', Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 157(13-14), pp. 312-314. doi:10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 - Li, H., Li, J., Liu, M., Xie, R., Zang, Y., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2021) 'Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L', Phytochemistry, 186, pp. 112733. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 - Li, H., Liu, L., Gou, G., Xin, X., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolides from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 210, pp. 113647. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 - Li, H., Akber Aisa, H. and Li, J (2023) 'Germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(4), pp. e202300079. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300079 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300079 - Li, H., Xu, N., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 216, pp. 113894. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 - Huang, X., Xu, N., Liu, Z., Li, H., Lu, H. and Li, J (2024) 'Chemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(8), pp. e202400946. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202400946 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202400946 - Alomair, M.K., Alabduladheem, L.S., Almajed, M.A., Alobaid, A.A., Alkhalifah, E.A.R., Younis, N.S. and Mohamed, M.E (2022) 'Achillea millefolium essential oil mitigates peptic ulcer in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway', Molecules, 27(22), pp. 7908. doi:10.3390/molecules27227908 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227908 - Bagheri, A., Amin, G., Tavangar, S.M., Heidari, M. and Bagheri, J (2024) 'Safety and hemostatic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in localized bleeding', Hepatology Forum, 5(1), pp. 25-27. doi:10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041 - Ayoobi, F., Shamsizadeh, A., Fatemi, I., Vakilian, A., Allahtavakoli, M., Hassanshahi, G. and Moghadam-Ahmadi, A (2017) 'Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders - a review', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(6), pp. 604-612. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827 - Ali, S.I., Gopalakrishnan, B. and Venkatesalu, V (2017) 'Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review', 31(8), pp. 1140--1161. doi:10.1002/ptr.5840 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840 - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2019) 'European Union herbal monograph on Achillea millefolium L., herba, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf - Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/ Traditional / reference
https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/ - Applequist, W.L. and Moerman, D.E (2011) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.): a neglected panacea?', 65(2), pp. 209--225. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yarrow%20%28Achillea%20millefolium%20L.%29%3A%20a%20neglected%20panacea%3F - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Villanueva-Bermejo, D. et al (2017) 'Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Achillea millefolium', pp. 469--476. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chemical%20composition%20and%20antioxidant%20activity%20of%20Achillea%20millefolium - Csupor-Loffler, B. and Hajdu, Z. and Zupko, I. and Rethy, B. and Falkay, G. and Forgo, P. and Hohmann, J (2009) 'Antiproliferative effect of flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids from Achillea millefolium s.l. on cultured human tumour cell lines', Phytotherapy Research, 23(5), pp. 672-676. doi:10.1002/ptr.2697 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2697 - Papakosta, K. and Grafakou, M.-E. and Barda, C. and Kostopoulos, I.V. and Tsitsilonis, O. and Skaltsa, H (2020) 'Cytotoxicity and Anti-cancer Activity of the Genus Achillea L', Current Medicinal Chemistry, 27(41), pp. 6910-6925. doi:10.2174/0929867327666200505092514 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200505092514 - Sacred Plant Co (2025) 'Yarrow: The Warrior'. Available at: https://sacredplantco.com/blogs/natures-pharmacy-exploring-the-historical-uses-and-health-benefits-of-medicinal-herbs/the-warrior-s-herb-that-bridged-ancient-legends-and-modern-wound-care Traditional / reference
https://sacredplantco.com/blogs/natures-pharmacy-exploring-the-historical-uses-and-health-benefits-of-medicinal-herbs/the-warrior-s-herb-that-bridged-ancient-legends-and-modern-wound-care - Hemmati, A.A., Arzi, A. and Amin, M (2002) 'Effect of Achillea millefolium extract in wound healing of rabbit', 2(2), pp. 164--167. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effect%20of%20Achillea%20millefolium%20extract%20in%20wound%20healing%20of%20rabbit - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/y/yarrow03.html - Jenabi, E. and Fereidoony, B (2015) 'Effect of Achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind randomized clinical trial', 28(5), pp. 402--404. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.008 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.008 - Joybilee Farm (n.d.) 'How to Stop Bleeding with Yarrow Styptic'. Available at: https://joybileefarm.com/how-to-stop-bleeding-yarrow/ Traditional / reference
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https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-filipendula-ulmaria-l-maxim-herba-first-version_en.pdf - Bridge, J (2008) 'The Herbal Remedy Handbook'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20Herbal%20Remedy%20Handbook - Drummond, E.M., Harbourne, N., Marete, E., Jacquier, J.C., O'Riordan, D. and Gibney, E.R (2013) 'Inhibition of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in THP1 macrophages by polyphenols derived from chamomile, meadowsweet and willow bark', 27(4), pp. 588--594. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Inhibition%20of%20pro-inflammatory%20biomarkers%20in%20THP1%20macrophages%20by%20polyphenols%20derived%20from%20chamomile%2C%20meadowsweet%20and%20willow%20bark - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.