Plant Comparison

Yarrow vs Coriander

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AYarrowAchillea millefoliumAsteraceaeFull monograph →
Plant BCorianderCoriandrum sativumApiaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Yarrow and Coriander: they share 9 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, indigestion, …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.

YarrowCoriander
Constituents43
Pharmacological actions125
Indicated uses1910
Safety notes72
Cited sources3622
Indicated uses
Only Yarrow
Loss of appetiteBruisingCancer (anticancer research)Cold & fluDiarrhoeaFeverHeavy menstrual bleedingSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Shared (9)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingIndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Menstrual crampsMuscle spasmSkin irritationWounds
Only Coriander
Metabolic support
Pharmacological actions
Only Yarrow
Anticancer (preclinical)AstringentBitter digestive tonic / stomachicDiaphoreticDiureticStyptic / haemostaticVulnerary (wound healing)
Shared (5)
Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntioxidantAntispasmodicDigestive aid
Only Coriander
none

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionYarrowCorianderVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/101/10Comparable evidence
Bloating1/101/10Comparable evidence
Indigestion1/101/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Menstrual cramps1/101/10Comparable evidence
Muscle spasm1/101/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/101/10Comparable evidence
Wounds1/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Essential oil (mono- and sesquiterpenes)[12]

Chamazulene (blue colour), sabinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor and alpha-bisabolol.

SesquiterpenesEssential (volatile) oilChamazuleneAlpha-bisabololCamphor1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol)
Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, rutin, quercetin)[12]

Antioxidant and antispasmodic flavonoids.

FlavonoidsQuercetinApigeninLuteolinRutin
Sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids, tannins and coumarins[12]

Contribute to anti-inflammatory and astringent activity.

Sesquiterpene lactonesPhenolic acidsSesquiterpenesCoumarinsTannins
Betonicine and achilleine[12]

Compounds traditionally linked to the haemostatic (styptic) effect.

Essential oil (linalool)[4]

Seed essential oil dominated by linalool, giving the characteristic aroma and much of the antimicrobial and carminative activity.

Essential (volatile) oilLinalool
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds[4]

Antioxidant flavonoids and phenolics, notably quercetin derivatives, identified across leaf and seed extracts.

FlavonoidsPhenolic compounds
Phytosterols[4]

Contribute to the plant's cardiovascular and metabolic activity.

Phytosterols

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, 17]
Anticancer (preclinical)[12, 18, 19]

Preclinical antiproliferative activity of yarrow flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids (e.g. centaureidin, casticin) against human tumour cell lines.

Antimicrobial[15, 16, 17]
Antioxidant[1, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17]
Antispasmodic[3, 15, 16, 17]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Astringent[12, 14]
Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic[12, 14]

Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)

Diaphoretic[12, 14]

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Digestive aid[2, 9, 12, 14]

Bitter digestive tonic (stimulates appetite and bile flow)

Diuretic[15, 16, 17]
Styptic / haemostatic[10, 12, 14, 20]

Styptic / haemostatic (slows bleeding from minor cuts)

Vulnerary (wound healing)[12, 15, 16, 17, 21]

Vulnerary (wound healing)

Anti-inflammatory[4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antimicrobial[5, 9, 13, 14, 15]
Antioxidant[5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antispasmodic[13, 14, 15]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid[5, 13, 14, 15]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Loss of appetite[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Loss of appetite
Arthritis / joint pain[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Bruising[12, 15, 16, 17, 21]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bruising
Cancer (anticancer research)[12, 18, 19]Traditional · 2/10

Antiproliferative activity of Achillea millefolium extracts and constituents (centaureidin, casticin) against HeLa, MCF-7 and A431 cancer cell lines (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cold & flu[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Evidence: 1
Label: Cold & flu
Diarrhoea[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 1
Label: Diarrhoea
Fever[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

Diaphoretic (supports the body during colds and fevers)

Evidence: 1
Label: Fever
Heavy menstrual bleeding[12, 14, 20]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from styptic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Heavy menstrual bleeding
Indigestion[12, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Skin irritation[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[15, 16, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[12, 14, 20]Traditional · 1/10

Styptic / haemostatic (slows bleeding from minor cuts)

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Indigestion[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Metabolic support[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Metabolic support
Muscle spasm[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Skin irritation[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[15, 16, 17]Caution

Generally very safe. Rarely causes contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (sesquiterpene lactones, same Asteraceae family). Avoid high doses during pregnancy (emmenagogue at large doses). May increase photosensitivity. Allergic reactions uncommon but possible in those sensitive to Asteraceae plants.

Safety note[15, 16, 17, 22]Caution

Duke (2002) rates yarrow as ++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic, aperitif, and astringent activities, consistent with Commission E (KOM) approval for loss of appetite and dyspeptic ailments. Yarrow contains achillin, achilleic acid, and apigenin — compounds with anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties. Traditional use for wound healing, fever management, and digestive complaints is well-supported. Dose: 2–4 g dried herb as tea three times daily. Caution: yarrow belongs to the Asteraceae family and can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; rare contact dermatitis from sesquiterpene lactones has been reported. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue effects (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[12]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) it can cause allergic reactions or contact dermatitis in sensitive people, and handling the fresh plant in sunlight can occasionally cause photosensitivity.

Safety note[14]Caution

Medicinal use is traditionally avoided in pregnancy (can stimulate the uterus and influence menstruation); caution while breastfeeding.

Safety note[12]Caution

May interact with anticoagulant, sedative and blood-pressure medications and with drugs metabolised by the liver; seek professional advice if on regular medication.

Safety note[12, 23]Info

Correct identification is essential, as several poisonous white-flowered umbellifers can be confused with yarrow; clinical evidence in humans is limited.

Safety note[24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]Info

Additional omniasana.bio sources cited for Achillea millefolium (identification, distribution, foraging, traditional use and supporting evidence; see bibliography).

Safety note[13, 14, 15]Caution

• Food use is generally safe for most people (leaf in salads, seed as spice) (Burdock & Carabin, 2009). • Allergy is the main “big warning.” Coriander can trigger reactions ranging from mild oral itching to more serious allergy in sensitive people, especially those with pollen allergies (e.g., birch/mugwort) or other Apiaceae spice allergies (Thermo Fisher/Phadia, n.d.; Berghea et al., 2025). • If you use supplements (capsules/powder) and you take diabetes medication, be cautious: coriander seed powder has shown blood-sugar improvements in a small human trial, so it may add to the effect of glucose-lowering meds (Zamany et al., 2025). • Essential oil is not the same as the spice. Coriander essential oil is highly concentrated and should not be taken internally in “DIY doses.” It can be irritating, and safety data are discussed mainly for food-flavouring levels—not self-prescribed medicinal dosing (Burdock & Carabin, 2009). • Pregnancy / breastfeeding: normal culinary amounts are generally considered fine; “medicinal-dose” supplements or essential oil are best avoided unless guided by a qualified professional because safety data at higher doses is limited (Burdock & Carabin, 2009).

Safety note[13, 14, 15, 16]Caution

Duke (2002) provides clinical evidence (score 2) for coriander's role as an aperitif (appetite stimulant) and digestive tonic, consistent with Commission E approval. It demonstrates antispasmodic, carminative, and antifungal activities at the experimental level. Dose: 1–3 g crushed fruits (seeds) three times daily, or equivalent preparations. Duke notes mild hypoglycemic activity and a potential antiimplantation effect in high doses — use with caution in women attempting pregnancy (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 3120060
Wikidata: Q25408
Gbif: 3034871
Wikidata: Q41611

Botanical Description

Aromatic, rhizomatous perennial herb with erect, grooved, softly hairy stems arising in clumps from a creeping rootstock. The leaves are alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments, giving the whole plant a soft, fern-like texture (hence 'millefolium', thousand-leaved). Numerous small white to pale-pink flower heads are borne in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs at the stem tips. The plant has a sweet, herbaceous, slightly medicinal aroma when crushed.[12]

Height: 20-100 cm (occasionally to 1 m)
Habit: Erect, rhizomatous, mat-forming perennial herb
Leaves: Alternate, 2-3-pinnately dissected into narrow feathery segments; aromatic when crushed
Flowers: Small white to pale pink flower heads in dense, flat-topped compound corymbs
Stem: Erect, grooved, softly hairy/woolly, plain green (never purple-blotched)
Root: Creeping, fibrous rhizome
Fruit: Small flattened achenes without pappus
Flowering Period: June-September

Slender annual herb with delicate, broad, lobed lower leaves and finely divided, feathery upper leaves - a marked contrast within the same plant. Small white or pale pink flowers are borne in flat compound umbels, followed by round, ridged, aromatic seeds. The fresh leaf ('cilantro') has a distinctive citrusy aroma, often described as soapy by those with a genetic sensitivity to it.[4]

Height: 30-70 cm
Habit: Slender, erect annual herb
Leaves: Lower leaves broad and lobed; upper leaves finely divided and feathery
Flowers: Small white or pale pink flowers in flat compound umbels
Stem: Slender, erect, branching, hollow
Root: Slender taproot
Fruit: Round, ridged, aromatic seed (mericarp)
Flowering Period: June-August

Habitat

A common plant of grassland, meadows, roadsides, pastures and waste ground on a wide range of soils; native throughout Europe and temperate Asia and now naturalised across North America, Australia and New Zealand.[12]

Believed native to the Mediterranean region and Western Asia; cultivated worldwide as a culinary herb and spice crop on well-drained, sunny sites.[4]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut as the flat-topped corymbs open, in mid- to late summer, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the essential oil and colour.[12]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Summer, at full flower (June-September)

Leaves are picked fresh through the growing season, before the plant bolts (flowers), when the flavour is best; the seed is harvested in late summer once the umbels have browned and dried, then threshed; the root can be dug at the same time as young leaves.

Parts: Leaf, Root, Seed, Stem
Season: Leaf before flowering; seed in late summer

Traditional Uses

Yarrow has an ancient reputation as a wound herb (its old name 'staunchweed' and its association with Achilles reflect traditional use to stop bleeding and heal wounds) and as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic remedy for feverish colds, spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, hepatobiliary disorders and gynaecological complaints. The flowering herb is classically taken as a hot infusion at the onset of a cold or fever to promote sweating, and used as a bitter tonic to stimulate appetite and digestion.[2, 12]

Coriander seed and leaf have a very long culinary and medicinal history across the Mediterranean, Middle East and Asia as a digestive carminative for indigestion, bloating and cramping, and, more recently, studied for calming/anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system alongside cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.[1, 4]

Preparations

Infusion[12]

Dried flowering herb infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and diaphoretic tea, traditionally taken hot at the onset of colds and fevers.

Tincture[13]

Tincture of the herb, ethanol 45% V/V, 2-4 ml three times daily. The EU herbal monograph gives the ethanol strength but states no drug-extract ratio, so no 1:5 ratio is claimed here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Poultice/compress[10, 12]

Fresh crushed leaf or flowering tops applied directly to minor cuts and wounds, reflecting the traditional styptic (bleeding-stopping) and vulnerary use.

Essential oil[12]

Steam-distilled from the flowering tops; the chamazulene-rich blue oil is used in low dilution for its anti-inflammatory action.

Standardised extract[1]

Seed powder or extract studied for glycaemic and psychiatric-symptom support in clinical and preclinical work.

Dosage

Dried herb infusion[13, 14]

The EU herbal monograph gives 1.5-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150-250 mL of boiling water as an infusion, three or four times daily between meals; for loss of appetite the liquid preparations are taken 30 minutes before meals. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Tincture (ethanol 45% V/V)[13]

The EU herbal monograph gives 2-4 mL three times daily in adolescents, adults and elderly. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Not documented

References

REF-2076, REF-2077, REF-2078, REF-2079, REF-2080, REF-2081, REF-2082, REF-2083, REF-2084, REF-2085, REF-2086
REF-0779, REF-0780, REF-0781, REF-1700, REF-1701, REF-1702, REF-1703, REF-1704, REF-1705, REF-1706, REF-1707, REF-1708

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[34, 35, 36]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: conium-maculatum
Confused Part: Young feathery, finely divided leaves gathered for tea, salad or medicine; poison hemlock's young leaves are also feathery and finely divided.
Confusion Context: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is foraged for its soft, feathery, fern-like leaves. As Grow Forage Cook Ferment warns, yarrow is sometimes mistaken for poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), which is very toxic - hemlock contains coniine and kills by ascending paralysis and respiratory failure, and a few leaves can be fatal. Young hemlock leaves are more feathery and can resemble yarrow before the plant grows tall. Because yarrow is a popular forage and hemlock is widespread, this is a potentially fatal confusion.
Distinguishing Features: SMELL: yarrow smells sweet and herbaceous, often likened to fresh pine or a pleasant medicinal scent. Poison hemlock smells rank and musty/mousy., Stem: yarrow has a solid, green, slightly hairy/woolly grooved stem with no purple. Poison hemlock has a hairless stem conspicuously blotched and streaked with red-purple, especially near the base., Leaf and size: yarrow leaves are soft, very finely divided and feathery on a low plant (usually under 60 cm). Poison hemlock is a tall (1.5-3 m) branching biennial with larger, glossy, more open fern-like leaves.
Key Test: Check the stem and smell. A solid green (often woolly) stem with soft feathery leaves and a sweet pine-like herbaceous scent = yarrow. A hairless stem with red-purple blotches and a musty/mousy smell = poison hemlock - deadly, do not put it to your mouth. If the stem is purple-blotched or the smell is musty, do not use it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Safety note[17, 18, 19]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: conium-maculatum
Confused Part: Young, finely divided fern-like leaves resembling cilantro foliage, and volunteer seedlings appearing among planted coriander.
Confusion Context: Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is the classic fatal mimic of edible parsley-family plants. King County (Washington) states it can be confused with many edible members of the parsley family, and coriander/cilantro is one such flat-leaved edible; a poison-hemlock seedling volunteering among planted coriander is a realistic garden hazard. Conium contains coniine and kills by ascending paralysis and respiratory failure - a few leaves or seeds can be fatal. Coriander-specific case reports are sparse (most documented hemlock poisonings involve other Apiaceae), so the value of this record is the rock-solid tests below rather than a claim that this exact swap is common.
Distinguishing Features: SMELL (decisive): crushed coriander smells strongly and pleasantly of cilantro (citrusy, to some soapy). Poison hemlock smells rank, musty and mouse-like, with no cilantro note., Stem: poison hemlock has a hairless, hollow stem conspicuously blotched and streaked with red-purple, especially near the base. Coriander stems are plain green and never carry purple blotches., Stature/leaf: poison hemlock is a tall (often 1.5-2.5 m) branching biennial with large, glossy, highly divided fern-like leaves; cultivated coriander is a small low herb. A large fern-leaved umbellifer with a purple-blotched stem is not coriander.
Key Test: Crush a leaf and smell it, and look at the stem. A pleasant citrusy cilantro scent with a plain green stem = coriander. A musty/mousy smell and/or a hairless stem with red-purple blotches = poison hemlock - do not eat. If either warning sign is present, discard it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Safety note[20, 21, 22]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: aethusa-cynapium
Confused Part: Young flat, divided leaves resembling those of flat-leaf parsley and coriander/cilantro, and the whole leafy plant before or at flowering.
Confusion Context: Aethusa cynapium is named 'fool's parsley' precisely because it is the classic toxic mimic of flat-leaved culinary parsley-family herbs - parsley, and by close leaf-resemblance coriander/cilantro. It contains toxic polyacetylenes; ingestion has caused inflammation of the mouth and throat, abdominal pain and nervous-system effects, and poisonings have arisen from eating it in mistake for parsley. It is generally serious rather than fatal at typical exposures.
Distinguishing Features: BRACTEOLE 'beard' (in flower): fool's parsley bears 3-4 long, narrow, downward-hanging strongly reflexed bracteoles on the outer side of each secondary umbel - a distinctive drooping beard. Coriander umbels have no such drooping bracteoles., Smell when crushed: coriander smells strongly and pleasantly of cilantro; fool's parsley smells foul, acrid and mouse-like ('mousey')., Leaves/flowers: fool's parsley is hairless with darker, glossier finely dissected leaves and white flowers, and lacks the fresh cilantro scent.
Key Test: Crush a leaf and smell it: a strong cilantro scent = coriander (safe); a foul, acrid, mouse-like smell = fool's parsley. If in flower, confirm by the 3-4 long drooping reflexed bracteoles (the 'beard') under the secondary umbels, which coriander never has.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Farasati Far, B., Behzad, G. and Khalili, H (2023) 'Achillea millefolium: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability', Heliyon, 9(12), pp. e22841. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841
  2. Akram, M (2013) 'Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn', The Journal of Membrane Biology, 246(9), pp. 661-663. doi:10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x
  3. Benedek, B. and Kopp, B (2007) 'Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use', Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 157(13-14), pp. 312-314. doi:10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0431-9
  4. Li, H., Li, J., Liu, M., Xie, R., Zang, Y., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2021) 'Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L', Phytochemistry, 186, pp. 112733. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112733
  5. Li, H., Liu, L., Gou, G., Xin, X., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolides from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 210, pp. 113647. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113647
  6. Li, H., Akber Aisa, H. and Li, J (2023) 'Germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(4), pp. e202300079. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300079 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300079
  7. Li, H., Xu, N., Li, J. and Aisa, H.A (2023) 'Guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Phytochemistry, 216, pp. 113894. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113894
  8. Huang, X., Xu, N., Liu, Z., Li, H., Lu, H. and Li, J (2024) 'Chemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. and their anti-inflammatory activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(8), pp. e202400946. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202400946 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202400946
  9. Alomair, M.K., Alabduladheem, L.S., Almajed, M.A., Alobaid, A.A., Alkhalifah, E.A.R., Younis, N.S. and Mohamed, M.E (2022) 'Achillea millefolium essential oil mitigates peptic ulcer in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway', Molecules, 27(22), pp. 7908. doi:10.3390/molecules27227908 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227908
  10. Bagheri, A., Amin, G., Tavangar, S.M., Heidari, M. and Bagheri, J (2024) 'Safety and hemostatic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in localized bleeding', Hepatology Forum, 5(1), pp. 25-27. doi:10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0041
  11. Ayoobi, F., Shamsizadeh, A., Fatemi, I., Vakilian, A., Allahtavakoli, M., Hassanshahi, G. and Moghadam-Ahmadi, A (2017) 'Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders - a review', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(6), pp. 604-612. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8827
  12. Ali, S.I., Gopalakrishnan, B. and Venkatesalu, V (2017) 'Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review', 31(8), pp. 1140--1161. doi:10.1002/ptr.5840 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840
  13. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2019) 'European Union herbal monograph on Achillea millefolium L., herba, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-opinion/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-achillea-millefolium-l-herba-revision-1_en.pdf
  14. Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/yarrow/
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  7. Sahib, N.G., Anwar, F., Gilani, A.H., Hamid, A.A., Saari, N. and Alkharfy, K.M (2012) 'Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): a potential source of high-value components for functional foods and nutraceuticals - a review', Phytotherapy Research, 27(10), pp. 1439-1456. doi:10.1002/ptr.4897 Meta-analysis / review
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  18. King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
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  20. Teuscher, E. and Greger, H. and Adrian, V (1990) 'Toxicity of Aethusa cynapium L. (fool's parsley)', Pharmazie, 45(7), pp. 537-8. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2236201/ Preclinical
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  21. Minnesota Wildflowers (2024) 'Aethusa cynapium (Fool's Parsley)'. Available at: https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley Traditional / reference
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  22. Botanical Society of Scotland (2023) 'Plant of the Week: Fool's Parsley (Aethusa cynapium)'. Available at: https://botsoc.scot/2023/08/20/plant-of-the-week-21st-august-2023-fools-parsley-aethusa-cynapium/ Traditional / reference
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.