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Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Butterbur

Petasites hybridus

Family AsteraceaeParts used Root, rhizome and leaf (standardised PA-free extract)Also known as Bog rhubarb, Pestilence wort, Umbrella plant

This monograph compiles 2 documented constituents, 3 pharmacological actions, 8 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 13 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Key Constituents

Sesquiterpenes (petasin and isopetasin)[2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11]

The anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic active principles; standardised in commercial extracts.

Sesquiterpenes
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs)[11]

Naturally present but hepatotoxic and carcinogenic; must be removed to make a safe product.

Alkaloids

Pharmacological Actions

Antihistaminic / antiallergic[2, 3, 8, 11, 12]

Relief of allergic rhinitis / hay fever (antihistaminic and leukotriene-inhibiting; systematic review found it superior to placebo and comparable to non-sedating antihistamines for intermittent allergic rhinitis)

Antispasmodic[2, 6, 8, 9, 11]

Antispasmodic support in bronchial asthma

Bronchodilator / anti-asthmatic[6, 11]

Antispasmodic support in bronchial asthma

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Allergy / hay fever[3, 11, 12]Good · 8/10

Relief of allergic rhinitis / hay fever (antihistaminic and leukotriene-inhibiting; systematic review found it superior to placebo and comparable to non-sedating antihistamines for intermittent allergic rhinitis)

more plants for allergy / hay fever →detailed sources →
Asthma[6, 11]Limited · 3/10

Antispasmodic support in bronchial asthma

more plants for asthma →detailed sources →
Cough[11]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from bronchodilator action

more plants for cough →detailed sources →
Fever[11, 12]Good · 7/10

Relief of allergic rhinitis / hay fever (antihistaminic and leukotriene-inhibiting; systematic review found it superior to placebo and comparable to non-sedating antihistamines for intermittent allergic rhinitis)

more plants for fever →detailed sources →
Menstrual cramps[11]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

more plants for menstrual cramps →detailed sources →
Migraine[4, 11, 13]Moderate · 6/10

Migraine prophylaxis (reduces attack frequency; up to ~60% reduction vs placebo in a randomised controlled trial of a standardised CO2 root extract)

more plants for migraine →detailed sources →
Muscle spasm[11]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

more plants for muscle spasm →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11]Serious

Use ONLY certified pyrrolizidine-alkaloid (PA)-free, standardised extracts. Raw or unprocessed butterbur contains PAs that are toxic to the liver and potentially carcinogenic.

Safety note[11]Caution

Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae), it can cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants. Watch for and report any signs of liver problems.

References

REF-1476, REF-1477, REF-1478, REF-1479, REF-1480, REF-1481, REF-1482, REF-1483, REF-1484, REF-1485

References & Sources

  1. Alhusayan, R.M., Aldahmash, B.A., El-Nagar, D.M., Rady, A. and others (2020) 'Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Damage Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, pp. 3178214. doi:10.1155/2020/3178214 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3178214
  2. Kalin, P (2003) 'The common butterbur (Petasites hybridus)--portrait of a medicinal herb', Forschende Komplementarmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde, 10(Suppl 1), pp. 41-44. doi:10.1159/000071691 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1159/000071691
  3. Brattstrom, A (2003) 'A newly developed extract (Ze 339) from butterbur (Petasites hybridus L.) is clinically efficient in allergic rhinitis (hay fever)', Phytomedicine, 10(Suppl 4), pp. 50-52. doi:10.1078/1433-187x-00304 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1078/1433-187x-00304
  4. Lipton, R.B., Gobel, H., Einhaupl, K.M., Wilks, K. and Mauskop, A (2004) 'Petasites hybridus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine', Neurology, 63(12), pp. 2240-2244. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000147290.68260.11 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000147290.68260.11
  5. Apostolova, S., Oreshkova, T., Uzunova, V., Georgieva, I. and others (2023) 'A Standardized Extract of Petasites hybridus L., Containing the Active Ingredients Petasins, Acts as a Pro-Oxidant and Triggers Apoptosis through Elevating of NF-kB in a Highly Invasive Human Breast Cancer Cell Line', Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition), 28(6), pp. 111. doi:10.31083/j.fbl2806111 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2806111
  6. Danesch, U.C (2004) 'Petasites hybridus (Butterbur root) extract in the treatment of asthma--an open trial', Alternative Medicine Review, 9(1), pp. 54-62. Clinical study
    Find this source
  7. Aydin, A.A., Zerbes, V., Parlar, H. and Letzel, T (2013) 'The medical plant butterbur (Petasites): analytical and physiological (re)view', Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 75, pp. 220-229. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.028 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.028
  8. Kulinowski, L., Luca, S.V., Minceva, M. and Skalicka-Wozniak, K (2022) 'A review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of butterbur species (Petasites L.)', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 293, pp. 115263. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115263 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115263
  9. Alternative Medicine Review (2001) 'Monograph: Petasites hybridus', Alternative Medicine Review, 6(2), pp. 207-209. Meta-analysis / review
    Find this source
  10. Kulinowski, L., Luca, S.V., Pecio, L., Minceva, M. and Skalicka-Wozniak, K (2023) 'Liquid-liquid chromatography isolation of Petasites hybridus sesquiterpenes and their LC-HR-MS/MS and NMR characterization', Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 234, pp. 115529. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115529 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115529
  11. Sadler, C., Vanderjagt, L. and Vohra, S (2007) 'Complementary, holistic, and integrative medicine: butterbur', Pediatrics in Review. doi:10.1542/pir.28-6-235 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.28-6-235
  12. Guo, R. and Pittler, M.H. and Ernst, E (2007) 'Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review', Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 99(6), pp. 483--495. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4
  13. Grossmann, M. and Schmidramsl, H (2000) 'An extract of Petasites hybridus is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 38(9), pp. 430--435. doi:10.5414/cpp38430 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.5414/cpp38430

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: website+pubmed+symptom-tool · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

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Generated June 22, 2026 from omniasana.bio