Plant Comparison

Sweet Violet vs Corn Silk

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant ASweet VioletViola odorataViolaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BCorn SilkZea maysPoaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Sweet Violet and Corn Silk: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), cough, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.

Sweet VioletCorn Silk
Constituents33
Pharmacological actions55
Indicated uses1111
Safety notes22
Cited sources1613
Indicated uses
Only Sweet Violet
AsthmaBronchitisHeadacheInsomnia / sleeplessnessRespiratory support
Shared (6)
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)CoughInflammation (general)Skin irritationSore throat
Only Corn Silk
Infection (general)Kidney supportSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Pharmacological actions
Only Sweet Violet
ExpectorantSedative / sleep support
Shared (3)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)Demulcent (soothing mucilage)
Only Corn Silk
AntioxidantDiuretic

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionSweet VioletCorn SilkVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/101/10Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Cough5/101/10Stronger for Sweet Violet
Inflammation (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation5/101/10Stronger for Sweet Violet
Sore throat1/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Mucilage and saponins[11]

Mucilage gives the soothing demulcent action; saponins give the expectorant action.

MucilageSaponins
Flavonoids and salicylic acid[2, 11]

Antioxidant and mild analgesic constituents.

Flavonoids
Alkaloids (e.g. violine) and essential oil[11]

Minor aromatic and bioactive constituents.

Essential (volatile) oilAlkaloids
Flavonoids (including maysin)[1, 2, 11, 12]

Major antioxidant constituents of corn silk; maysin is the predominant flavonoid quantified in standardised extracts.

Flavonoids
Phenolic compounds[5, 11]

Contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Phenolic compounds
Potassium salts, polysaccharides and saponins[7, 10, 11]

Associated with the diuretic and demulcent actions.

PolysaccharidesSaponins

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 4, 11]
Anticancer (preclinical)[3, 10]
Demulcent (soothing mucilage)[1, 11, 12]

Demulcent / expectorant for cough, bronchitis and catarrh (mucilage soothes; saponins loosen mucus) - a double-blind RCT found violet-flower syrup, added to standard treatment, sped cough suppression in children with asthma

Expectorant[1, 6, 11, 12]

Demulcent / expectorant for cough, bronchitis and catarrh (mucilage soothes; saponins loosen mucus) - a double-blind RCT found violet-flower syrup, added to standard treatment, sped cough suppression in children with asthma

Sedative / sleep support[1, 7, 8, 9, 11]

Mild sedative for sleeplessness and to ease headache (traditional)

Anti-inflammatory[2, 3, 4, 8, 11]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Anticancer (preclinical)[6]
Antioxidant[1, 4, 9, 11]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Demulcent (soothing mucilage)[11]

Soothing demulcent for urinary-tract irritation and mild urinary infections; supports kidney function

Diuretic[9, 11, 13]

Diuretic - increases urine output to support the urinary tract and mild fluid retention/swelling; in conscious rats the aqueous extract is diuretic and kaliuretic and modifies glomerular filtration and potassium excretion

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Asthma[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

Demulcent / expectorant for cough, bronchitis and catarrh (mucilage soothes; saponins loosen mucus) - a double-blind RCT found violet-flower syrup, added to standard treatment, sped cough suppression in children with asthma

Evidence: 5
Label: Asthma
Bronchitis[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

Demulcent / expectorant for cough, bronchitis and catarrh (mucilage soothes; saponins loosen mucus) - a double-blind RCT found violet-flower syrup, added to standard treatment, sped cough suppression in children with asthma

Evidence: 5
Label: Bronchitis
Cancer (anticancer research)[3, 10]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cough[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

Demulcent / expectorant for cough, bronchitis and catarrh (mucilage soothes; saponins loosen mucus) - a double-blind RCT found violet-flower syrup, added to standard treatment, sped cough suppression in children with asthma

Evidence: 5
Label: Cough
Headache[11]Traditional · 1/10

Mild sedative for sleeplessness and to ease headache (traditional)

Evidence: 1
Label: Headache
Inflammation (general)[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Insomnia / sleeplessness[8, 9, 11]Moderate · 6/10

Mild sedative for sleeplessness and to ease headache (traditional)

Evidence: 6
Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness
Respiratory support[6, 11, 12]Moderate · 6/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 6
Label: Respiratory support
Skin irritation[5, 11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from demulcent action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[11]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Sore throat
Arthritis / joint pain[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cough[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from demulcent action

Evidence: 1
Label: Cough
Infection (general)[11]Traditional · 1/10

Soothing demulcent for urinary-tract irritation and mild urinary infections; supports kidney function

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Kidney support
Evidence: 1
Label: Kidney support
Skin irritation[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from demulcent action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from demulcent action

Evidence: 1
Label: Sore throat
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 13]Traditional · 1/10

Diuretic - increases urine output to support the urinary tract and mild fluid retention/swelling; in conscious rats the aqueous extract is diuretic and kaliuretic and modifies glomerular filtration and potassium excretion

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[11, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[11, 13]Traditional · 1/10

Diuretic - increases urine output to support the urinary tract and mild fluid retention/swelling; in conscious rats the aqueous extract is diuretic and kaliuretic and modifies glomerular filtration and potassium excretion; Soothing demulcent for urinary-tract irritation and mild urinary infections; supports kidney function

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 13]Caution

Generally well tolerated as flower/leaf preparations. It contains salicylates, so use caution if you are salicylate-sensitive; the root in large doses is emetic and purgative.

Safety note[13]Caution

Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established, so avoid medicinal doses.

Safety note[11]Caution

As a diuretic it should be taken with plenty of fluids; use caution alongside prescription diuretics or medicines that affect potassium.

Safety note[11, 12]Caution

May lower blood sugar and blood pressure, so use caution with antidiabetic or antihypertensive medication; avoid concentrated medicinal doses in pregnancy - a high-dose standardised extract increased pre-implantation losses in pregnant rats (no fetal malformations were seen).

External Ids

Gbif: 5331181
Wikidata: Q108684
Gbif: 5290052
Wikidata: Q11575

Botanical Description

Low, spreading perennial herb with heart-shaped, softly toothed leaves arising from a short rootstock, spreading by runners (stolons). Fragrant, deep violet-purple (occasionally white) flowers with five petals, the lower petal spurred, are borne singly on slender stalks.[11]

Height: 5-15 cm
Habit: Low, spreading perennial herb, spreading by runners
Leaves: Heart-shaped, softly toothed
Flowers: Fragrant, deep violet-purple (occasionally white), five-petalled, the lower petal spurred, borne singly
Stem: Very short; leaves and flowers arise from a basal rootstock, spreading by stolons
Root: Short rootstock with spreading runners
Fruit: Small three-valved capsule
Flowering Period: February-April (with a lighter second flush in autumn)

Tall, robust annual grass with broad, strap-like leaves and a stout, jointed stem. Male flowers form a terminal tassel; female flowers develop on the ear (cob), each floret bearing a single long, silky style and stigma ('corn silk') that protrudes from the husk to catch pollen.[11]

Height: 1.5-3 m
Habit: Tall, robust annual grass
Leaves: Broad, strap-like, alternate
Flowers: Male tassel at the top; female flowers on the ear, each with a long silky style and stigma (corn silk)
Stem: Stout, jointed, unbranched
Root: Fibrous, with prominent brace roots at the lower stem nodes
Fruit: Kernel (grain) borne on the cob; the silky stigmas and styles are the medicinal part, collected before pollination completes
Flowering Period: Summer

Habitat

Grows in woodland edges, hedgerows, shaded banks and gardens on moist, humus-rich soils; native to Europe, North Africa and Asia and widely naturalised and cultivated elsewhere.[11]

Cultivated worldwide as a major cereal food crop in warm-temperate to tropical climates on fertile, well-drained soils; not found wild, having been domesticated from a wild grass ancestor (teosinte) in Mesoamerica.[11]

Harvesting

Flowers are picked as they open in early spring; leaves can be gathered through the growing season and dried.[11]

Parts: Flower and leaf (aerial parts)
Season: Flower in early spring; leaf through the growing season

The silky stigmas and styles are collected from the ears in mid- to late summer, just before or as pollination occurs, while still fresh and pale, then dried quickly to preserve colour and flavonoid content.[11]

Parts: Stigmas and styles (corn silk)
Season: Mid- to late summer, at silking

Traditional Uses

Sweet violet flower and leaf have a long European folk history as a soothing demulcent and expectorant remedy for cough, bronchitis and catarrh, and as a mild sedative for sleeplessness and headache; the flower syrup in particular has a long tradition as a children's cough remedy.[11]

Corn silk has a long traditional use across Chinese, Native American and European folk medicine as a gentle diuretic and soothing demulcent for urinary tract complaints, mild fluid retention and kidney support.[11]

Preparations

Syrup (flower)[12]

Fresh flowers infused and combined with sugar syrup as a traditional soothing cough remedy, particularly for children.

Infusion[11]

Dried flower or leaf infused in hot water as a traditional demulcent, calming tea.

Infusion[11]

Dried corn silk infused in hot water as a traditional diuretic and urinary-support tea.

Dosage

Infusion/syrup[8]

A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial used 5 mL of Viola odorata syrup every 12 hours for 4 weeks as add-on therapy for insomnia. Traditional references suggest around 2-4 g of dried flower and leaf per cup, up to three times daily. Note the EU monograph on Violae herba cum flore covers Viola tricolor, a different species, and its posology does not transfer here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Not documented

References

REF-1143, REF-1144, REF-1145, REF-1146, REF-1147, REF-1148, REF-1149, REF-1150, REF-1151, REF-1152
REF-1624, REF-1625, REF-1626, REF-1627, REF-1628, REF-1629, REF-1630, REF-1631, REF-1632, REF-1633

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note[14, 15]Caution
Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants
Mechanism: Sweet violet is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[16]Irritant
Dangerous Plant: ficaria-verna
Confused Part: Low, heart-shaped spring leaves gathered as an edible; lesser celandine forms similar low leaves at the same time and place.
Confusion Context: Sweet violet (Viola odorata) is foraged in early spring for its heart-shaped leaves and flowers. Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna, fig buttercup) grows in the same season and habitat and, as foraging guidance warns, its low-growing leaves closely resemble violet; lesser celandine is toxic to humans in most stages (it contains the acrid irritant protoanemonin). Because their spring leaves are alike, this is a genuine early-season foraging hazard, although cooking destroys the toxin and the acrid taste discourages eating much.
Distinguishing Features: Flowers (decisive): sweet violet has purple (sometimes white) flowers with five uneven petals. Lesser celandine has glossy, bright-yellow star-like flowers with 8-12 petals. A yellow many-petalled flower means lesser celandine, never violet., Leaves: violet leaves are matt and heart-shaped on their own stalks from the base. Lesser celandine leaves are glossier and more kidney- to arrow-shaped, sometimes with pale mottling., Best practice: harvest violet leaves only once you can trace every leaf to a violet plant (ideally in flower), not to a yellow-flowered plant.
Key Test: Wait until the plant flowers, or trace each leaf to its flower. Purple five-petalled flowers with matt heart-shaped leaves = sweet violet. Glossy yellow flowers with 8-12 petals = lesser celandine - do not eat it raw. If you cannot confirm a violet flower, do not gather the leaves.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

References & Sources

  1. Feyzabadi, Z., Ghorbani, F., Vazani, Y. and Zarshenas, M.M (2017) 'A Critical Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology of Viola odorata L. and Related Multipotential Products in Traditional Persian Medicine', Phytotherapy Research, 31(11), pp. 1669-1675. doi:10.1002/ptr.5909 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5909
  2. Heger, T., Zatloukal, M., Kubala, M., Strnad, M. and others (2022) 'Procyanidin C1 from Viola odorata L. inhibits Na,K-ATPase', Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp. 7011. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11086-y Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11086-y
  3. Yousefnia, S., Naseri, D., Seyed Forootan, F., Tabatabaeian, M. and others (2020) 'Suppressive role of Viola odorata extract on malignant characters of mammosphere-derived breast cancer stem cells', Clinical & Translational Oncology, 22(9), pp. 1619-1634. doi:10.1007/s12094-020-02307-9 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02307-9
  4. Tafazoli, V., Shahriari, M., Heydari, M., Nikbakht, H.A. and others (2020) 'The Effect of Viola odorata L. Oil for Fever in Children: A Randomized Triple-blinded Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial', Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 17(5), pp. 696-703. doi:10.2174/1570163816666190620142256 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163816666190620142256
  5. Rahimi, V.B., Askari, V.R., Emami, S.A. and Tayarani-Najaran, Z (2017) 'Anti-melanogenic activity of Viola odorata different extracts on B16F10 murine melanoma cells', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(3), pp. 242-249. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2017.8350 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2017.8350
  6. Adel Mehraban, M.S., Shirzad, M., Mohammad Taghizadeh Kashani, L., Ahmadian-Attari, M.M. and others (2022) 'Efficacy and safety of add-on Viola odorata L. in the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized double-blind controlled trial', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 304, pp. 116058. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.116058 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.116058
  7. Saleem, U., Hira, S., Anwar, F., Shah, M.A. and others (2021) 'Pharmacological Screening of Viola odorata L. for Memory-Enhancing Effect via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 664832. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.664832 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.664832
  8. Shayesteh, M., Vaez-Mahdavi, M.R., Shams, J., Kamalinejad, M. and others (2020) 'Effects of Viola odorata as an Add-On Therapy on Insomnia in Patients with Obsession or Depression: A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial', Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26(5), pp. 398-408. doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0254 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0254
  9. Feyzabadi, Z., Jafari, F., Kamali, S.H., Ashayeri, H. and others (2014) 'Efficacy of Viola odorata in Treatment of Chronic Insomnia', Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(12), pp. e17511. doi:10.5812/ircmj.17511 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17511
  10. Parsley, N.C., Kirkpatrick, C.L., Crittenden, C.M., Rad, J.G. and others (2018) 'PepSAVI-MS reveals anticancer and antifungal cycloviolacins in Viola odorata', Phytochemistry, 152, pp. 61-70. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.014 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.014
  11. Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Violets (Viola odorata): Benefits, Safety, Uses'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/violets/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/violets/
  12. Qasemzadeh, M.J., Sharifi, H., Hamedanian, M., Gharehbeglou, M., Heydari, M., Sardari, M., Akhlaghdoust, M. and Minae, M.B (2015) 'The Effect of Viola odorata Flower Syrup on the Cough of Children With Asthma: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial', Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 20(4), pp. 287--291. doi:10.1177/2156587215584862 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587215584862
  13. RxList (n.d.) 'Sweet Violet: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions'. Available at: https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/sweet_violet.htm Traditional / reference
    https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/sweet_violet.htm
  14. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201
  15. Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003
  16. Unruly Gardening 'Foraging Violets: How to Identify, Harvest and Use'. Available at: https://unrulygardening.com/foraging-violets/ Traditional / reference
    https://unrulygardening.com/foraging-violets/
  1. Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Ma, Z., Cheng, J. and Liu, J (2018) 'Corn silk (Zea mays L.), a source of natural antioxidants with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, advanced glycation and diabetic nephropathy inhibitory activities', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 110, pp. 510-517. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.126 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.126
  2. Wang, Y. and others (2023) 'Corn Silk Flavonoids Ameliorate Hyperuricemia via PI3K/AKT/NF-kappaB Pathway', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 71(26), pp. 9968-9979. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03422 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03422
  3. Habtemariam, S (1998) 'Extract of corn silk (stigma of Zea mays) inhibits the tumour necrosis factor-alpha- and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced cell adhesion and ICAM-1 expression', Planta Medica, 64(4), pp. 314-318. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957441 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957441
  4. Chen, M.Y., Wu, J.M. and others (2025) 'Unlocking Corn Silk's Potential: Bioactive Compounds Targeting Age-Related Diseases', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 69(10), pp. e70117. doi:10.1002/mnfr.70117 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70117
  5. Li, Y. and others (2023) 'Diterpenoid and phenolic constituents from corn silk (Zea mays) with PTP1B inhibitory activity', Natural Product Research, 37(24), pp. 4189-4196. doi:10.1080/14786419.2023.2265038 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2023.2265038
  6. Wang, B. and others (2019) 'Corn Silk (Zea mays) Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells via the ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, pp. 9789241. doi:10.1155/2019/9789241 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9789241
  7. Guo, J. and others (2024) 'Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities of the polysaccharides from corn silk: A review', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 274, pp. 133433. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133433 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133433
  8. Li, X. and others (2025) 'Ultrasound-assisted extraction of anti-inflammatory actives from corn silk (Zea mays L.): Process optimization, machine learning screening, and interaction mechanisms', Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 118, pp. 107420. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107420 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107420
  9. Wang, Y. and others (2024) 'An Umbrella Insight into the Phytochemistry Features and Biological Activities of Corn Silk: A Narrative Review', Molecules, 29(4), pp. 891. doi:10.3390/molecules29040891 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040891
  10. Zhang, W. and others (2023) 'Acidic polysaccharide from corn silk: Structural & conformational properties and hepatoprotective activity', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 237, pp. 123851. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123851 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123851
  11. Hasanudin, K., Hashim, P. and Mustafa, S (2012) 'Corn Silk (Stigma Maydis) in Healthcare: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review', Molecules. doi:10.3390/molecules171112937 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171112937
  12. Caixeta, G.A.B. and dos Santos Reis, D. and Soares, K.I. and de Brito Ramos, I. and Mendes, G.H.L. and others (2025) 'Toxicological Assessment of a Standardized Dry Extract of Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigmas During Gestation: Effects on Maternal Parameters and Fetal Outcomes in Wistar Rats', Birth Defects Research, 117(9). doi:10.1002/bdr2.2526 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2526
  13. Velazquez, D.V.O. and Xavier, H.S. and Batista, J.E.M. and de Castro-Chaves, C (2005) 'Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats', Phytomedicine, 12(5), pp. 363--369. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.010 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.010

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.