Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Selfheal vs Fenugreek
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Selfheal and Fenugreek: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, inflammation (general), skin irritation, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Selfheal | Fenugreek | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 2/10 | 8/10 | Stronger for Fenugreek |
| Inflammation (general) | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Fenugreek |
| Skin irritation | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Fenugreek |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 7/10 | 7/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Blood sugar / diabetes support | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Fenugreek |
| Cardiovascular / heart health | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Fenugreek |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Pentacyclic triterpenoids (ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic acids), the phenolic acid rosmarinic acid, coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin, esculetin) and the flavonoid luteolin are the main bioactives behind self-heal's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
Water-extracted polysaccharides — including a partially sulphated arabinogalactomannan (PSP-2B) and polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide conjugates (PVG/PVE30) — are the principal antiviral and immunomodulatory constituents, blocking herpes simplex virus attachment and modulating innate immune signalling.
Thought to contribute to the antidiabetic and cholesterol-lowering effects.
Mucilaginous soluble fiber that slows carbohydrate absorption, a key mechanism behind the blood-sugar-lowering effect.
An unusual amino acid studied for insulin-potentiating activity.
Aromatic lactone responsible for fenugreek's characteristic maple-syrup smell, including the body-odor effect reported with supplementation.
Pharmacological Actions
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antiviral action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anticancer action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antidiabetic action
inferred from anticancer action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally very safe and well tolerated. No significant known toxicity or drug interactions. Safe for topical and internal use in normal medicinal doses. Suitable for most adults including children in appropriate doses.
Duke (2002) rates self-heal as +++ and notes antioxidant (score 2), anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and COX-2 inhibitory activities. The plant contains luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside — all with well-documented bioactivities. Hepatoprotective activity has been experimentally demonstrated. Duke notes that self-heal has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and an impressive antioxidant profile, supporting its traditional reputation as a versatile wound-healing herb. No significant safety concerns at normal herbal doses (Duke, 2002).
Fenugreek appears https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fenugreek for most people.
Less serious side effects like diarrhea and indigestion have been reported anecdotally. You may also experience https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26251835/, which could be harmful if you have an eating disorder or are trying to https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-gain-weight. Moreover, some people report a strange and slightly sweet body odor when supplementing, but this is unconfirmed. Given its effect on blood sugar, fenugreek should be used with caution if you’re taking diabetes medication or other supplements that lower blood sugar levels.
Duke (2002) provides strong clinical evidence (score 2) for fenugreek's hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities — among the best-evidenced herbal treatments for blood sugar and lipid management. Anti-inflammatory and demulcent activities also have clinical support. The seed is Commission E approved as an appetite stimulant. Dose: 6–50 g of ground seeds daily for blood sugar management; 1–4 g seeds in tea for digestive use. The plant has lactagogue effects and can cause maple syrup-like body odor due to sotolon content. Contraindicated in pregnancy at medicinal doses due to uterotonic effects (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Low, creeping to semi-erect perennial herb (Lamiaceae), 5-30 cm tall, with square, often purplish stems. Leaves are opposite, ovate with slightly toothed margins. Small, two-lipped, violet-purple flowers are densely packed into a compact, club-shaped terminal spike subtended by purplish bracts.[1]
Erect annual herb with trifoliate leaves, each leaflet oblong and finely toothed toward the tip. Small, pale yellow to white, pea-like flowers are borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils, followed by long, slender, curved seed pods.[11]
Habitat
Native throughout Europe, Asia and North America (circumboreal), extremely common in lawns, meadows, woodland clearings, roadsides and waste ground, tolerating mowing and a wide range of soils.[1]
Cultivated widely as a food and forage crop; native to the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia, now grown throughout South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa.[11]
Harvesting
Whole flowering aerial parts (flower, leaf and stem) are cut during flowering (summer) and dried.[1]
Leaves and young sprouts are harvested throughout the growing season; seed pods are collected when fully mature and dried, then the hard seeds are threshed out.[11]
Traditional Uses
Selfheal has an extremely broad folk-medicine reputation across European, North American and Traditional Chinese Medicine traditions - as its name suggests, used as an all-purpose wound herb, gargle for sore throat, and internal remedy for fevers and inflammation. Modern research on its triterpenoid, phenolic and polysaccharide constituents supports wide-ranging antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral activity.[1]
Fenugreek seed has an ancient tradition across the Mediterranean, Middle East and South Asia as a digestive and appetite-stimulant remedy and lactation aid, and modern clinical research strongly supports its traditional use for blood sugar and cholesterol management, formalised in Commission E approval as an appetite stimulant.[5, 11, 12]
Preparations
Dried aerial parts steeped in hot water, taken internally or used as a gargle or wash.
Ground seeds taken with food, or whole seeds soaked/simmered as a tea, the traditional preparation for digestive and blood sugar support.
Standardized seed extract in capsule form, the form most used in clinical trials on blood sugar and cholesterol.
Dosage
Traditional guidance suggests roughly 2-4 g dried herb per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, or an equivalent tincture; used topically as a wash or gargle at similar strength. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Lookalikes Review
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Pairings
Not documented
Fenugreek and bitter melon can each lower blood sugar, so taking them together — especially alongside diabetes medicines — may add up and increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Monitor your blood glucose.[15, 16]
Fenugreek and black seed (Nigella sativa) can each lower blood sugar, so taking them together — especially alongside diabetes medicines — may add up and increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Monitor your blood glucose.[15, 17]
References & Sources
- Mir, R.H., Bhat, M.F., Sawhney, G., Kumar, P., Andrabi, N.I., Shaikh, M., Mohi-Ud-Din, R. and Masoodi, M.H (2022) 'Prunella vulgaris L.: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional Uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review', Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 19(1). doi:10.2174/1570163818666210203181542 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163818666210203181542 - Pan, J. and Wang, H. and Chen, Y (2022) 'Prunella vulgaris L. - A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, pp. 903171. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.903171 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.903171 - Wang, S.J. and Wang, X.H. and Dai, Y.Y. and Ma, M.H. and Rahman, K. and Nian, H. and Zhang, H (2019) 'Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications', Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(3), pp. 359-369. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 - Zhu, M.J. and Song, Y.J. and Rao, P.L. and Gu, W.Y. and Xu, Y. and Xu, H.X (2025) 'Therapeutic role of Prunella vulgaris L. polysaccharides in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and gut dysbiosis', Journal of Integrative Medicine, 23(3), pp. 297-308. doi:10.1016/j.joim.2025.03.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2025.03.002 - Zhang, Y. and Qu, X. and Xu, N. and He, H. and Li, Q. and Wei, X. and Chen, Y. and Xu, Y. and Li, X. and Zhang, R. and Zhong, R. and Liu, C. and Xiang, P. and Zhu, F (2024) 'Mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. and luteolin in restoring Tfh/Tfr balance and alleviating oxidative stress in Graves' disease', Phytomedicine, 132, pp. 155818. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155818 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155818 - Zhang, S. and Wang, Y. and Wang, M. and Jiang, L. and Ma, X. and Huang, Y. and Liu, T. and Zheng, L. and Li, Y (2024) 'Construction and anti-pancreatic cancer activity of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide', Int J Biol Macromol, 278(Pt 3), pp. 134924. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134924 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134924 - Ning, N. and Nan, Y. and Chen, G. and Huang, S. and Lu, D. and Yang, Y. and Meng, F. and Yuan, L (2024) 'Anti-Tumor Effects and Toxicity Reduction Mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review', Molecules, 29(8). doi:10.3390/molecules29081843 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081843 - Han, Q. and Xu, N. and Chen, B. and Wu, W. and Sheng, L (2021) 'Safety and efficacy of Prunella vulgaris preparation in adjuvant treatment of thyroid nodules: A meta-analysis', Medicine (Baltimore), 100(41), pp. e27490. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000027490 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027490 - Li, P. and Lv, X. and Wang, J. and Zhang, C. and Zhao, J. and Yang, Y (2023) 'Research on the anti-ageing mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L', Sci Rep, 13(1), pp. 12398. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1 - Zhang, Q. and Chen, X. and Palen, K. and Johnson, B. and Bui, D. and Xiong, D. and Pan, J. and Hu, M. and Wang, Y. and You, M (2023) 'Cancer chemoprevention with PV-1, a novel Prunella vulgaris-containing herbal mixture that remodels the tumor immune microenvironment in mice', Front Immunol, 14, pp. 1196434. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196434 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196434 - Ma, F. and Deng, Q. and Lou, H. and Li, J. and Xu, S. and Wu, W. and Wen, Q. and Tang, L. and Wang, X. and Pan, W (2022) 'Vulgarisin-type diterpenoids from self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) and their neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via a mitochondria-related pathway', Food Funct, 13(13), pp. 7062-7074. doi:10.1039/d2fo00150k Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo00150k - Xie, J. and Xiong, S. and Yu, J. and Ma, X. and Xiang, F. and Chen, Y. and Xia, B. and Li, Y. and Zhang, Z. and Liao, D. and Lin, L (2025) 'Prunella vulgaris polyphenols alleviate liver injury-uveitis comorbidity by regulating acylcarnitine via the S100A9-PP2A-AMPK pathway', Phytomedicine, 141, pp. 156675. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156675 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156675 - Li, Y. and Luo, H. and Lin, X. and Hua, L. and Wang, J. and Xie, J. and Zhang, Z. and Shi, Z. and Li, M. and Peng, Q. and Lin, L. and Liao, D. and Xia, B (2025) 'Triterpenes of Prunella vulgaris Inhibit Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating PTP1B/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and IL-24/CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathways', Int J Mol Sci, 26(5). doi:10.3390/ijms26051959 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051959 - Zeng, S. and Liu, B. and Ge, R. and Yuan, Z. and Yang, Y. and Zhu, W. and Wang, Z (2025) 'An integrative analysis reveals mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris in thyroid cancer metastasis', Phytomedicine, 145, pp. 157051. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157051 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157051 - Zhu, Q. and Muyayalo, K.P. and Xu, Q.H. and Wang, J. and Wang, H. and Liao, A.H (2021) 'Prunella vulgaris can improve the pregnancy outcomes of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats by inhibiting Th1/Th17 immune responses', J Reprod Immunol, 149, pp. 103469. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2021.103469 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2021.103469 - Lin, J. and Zhou, J. and Ye, K. and Xie, F (2025) 'Prunella vulgaris: A potential molecule for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma', Medicine (Baltimore), 104(17), pp. e42267. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000042267 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000042267 - Li, L. and Lin, L. and Deng, J. and Lin, X. and Li, Y. and Xia, B (2021) 'The therapeutic effects of Prunella vulgaris against fluoride‐induced oxidative damage by using the metabolomics method', Environmental Toxicology, 36(9), pp. 1802-1816. doi:10.1002/tox.23301 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23301 - Wei, J. and Leng, L. and Sui, Y. and Song, S. and Owusu, F.B. and Li, X. and Cao, Y. and Li, P. and Wang, H. and Li, R. and Yang, W. and Gao, X. and Wang, Q (2023) 'Phenolic acids from Prunella vulgaris alleviate cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction partially by suppressing NLRP3 activation', Phytotherapy Research, 38(1), pp. 384-399. doi:10.1002/ptr.8024 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8024 - Jiao, X. and Liu, H. and Lu, Q. and Wang, Y. and Zhao, Y. and Liu, X. and Liu, F. and Zuo, Y. and Wang, W. and Li, Y (2021) 'Study on the Mechanism of Prunella Vulgaris L on Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Hypertension Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analyses', Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021, pp. 1-14. doi:10.1155/2021/9949302 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9949302 - Namgung, S. and Yoon, J.J. and Yoon, C. and Han, B.H. and Choi, E.S. and Oh, H. and Kim, Y. and Lee, Y.J. and Kang, D.G. and Lee, H.S (2017) 'Prunella vulgarisAttenuates Diabetic Renal Injury by Suppressing Glomerular Fibrosis and Inflammation', The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 45(03), pp. 475-495. doi:10.1142/s0192415x1750029x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1750029x - Lim, G. and Sung, J.Y. and Yu, S. and Kim, Y. and Kim, Y. and Shim, J. and Kim, H.J. and Cho, M.L. and Lee, J. and Kim, Y. and Kim, Y (2020) 'Pygenic Acid A (PA) Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells to Anoikis and Inhibits Metastasis In Vivo', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(22), pp. 8444-8444. doi:10.3390/ijms21228444 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02986-5 - Chen, Y. and Jiang, B. and Qu, C. and Jiang, C. and Zhang, C. and Wang, Y. and Chen, F. and Sun, X. and Su, L. and Luo, Y (2024) 'Bioactive components in prunella vulgaris for treating Hashimoto's disease via regulation of innate immune response in human thyrocytes', Heliyon, 10(16), pp. e36103-e36103. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36103 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36103 - Raafat, K. and Wurglics, M. and Schubert‐Zsilavecz, M (2016) 'Prunella vulgaris L. active components and their hypoglycemic and antinociceptive effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, pp. 1008-1018. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.095 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.095 - Qu, Z. and Zhang, J. and Yang, H. and Gao, J. and Chen, H. and Liu, C. and Gao, W (2016) 'Prunella vulgaris L., an Edible and Medicinal Plant, Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(2), pp. 291-300. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04597 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04597 - Guo, Q. and Qu, H. and Zhang, H. and Zhong, X (2021) 'Prunella vulgaris L. Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR9 Signaling', Drug Design Development and Therapy, Volume 15, pp. 4559-4574. doi:10.2147/dddt.s325814 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s325814 - Akkol, E.K. and Renda, G. and İlhan, M. and Bektaş, N.Y (2022) 'Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 295, pp. 115411-115411. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411 - Yu, F. and Zhang, L. and Ma, R. and Liu, C. and Wang, Q. and Yin, D (2021) 'The Antitumour Effect of Prunella vulgaris Extract on Thyroid Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, pp. 1-12. doi:10.1155/2021/8869323 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869323 - Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Yuan, M., Xu, L., Luo, X., Wu, R., Xi, Z., Li, Y. and Xu, H (2024) 'Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide inhibits herpes simplex virus infection by blocking TLR-mediated NF-kB activation', Chinese Medicine, 19(1). doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00865-y Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-023-00865-y - Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Zhong, X., Fu, W., Luo, X., Feng, J., Yuan, M., Xiao, L. and Xu, H (2021) 'Polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide conjugates from Spica of Prunella vulgaris: Chemical profile and anti-herpes simplex virus activities', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.200 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.062 - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Psotova, J. et al (2003) 'Biological activities of Prunella vulgaris extract', 17(9), pp. 1082--1087. doi:10.1002/ptr.1324 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1324 - Yang, Y.Q. et al (2007) 'Antiviral activity of aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris L', 73(3), pp. 157--162. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antiviral%20activity%20of%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Prunella%20vulgaris%20L - Haarberg, K.M.K., Wymore Brand, M.J., Overstreet, A.M.C., Hauck, C.C., Murphy, P.A., Hostetter, J.M., Ramer-Tait, A.E. and Wannemuehler, M.J (2015) 'Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a(-/-) mice', World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6(4), pp. 223--237. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.223 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.223 - Zhang, Y.B., Xu, L., Yuan, M., Liu, M.F., Li, Y., Zhong, X.L., Lin, Z.X., Xian, Y.F., Lu, P., Xi, Z.C. and Xu, H.X (2025) 'Protective effects of Prunella vulgaris polysaccharides against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection through the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway', Journal of Integrative Medicine, 24(3), pp. 454--465. doi:10.1016/j.joim.2025.12.008 Preclinical
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- Faghfoori, Z., Javadivala, Z., Khalili, Y. and Malek Mahdavi, A (2023) 'Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review', Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 45(5), pp. 626-634. doi:10.1080/08923973.2023.2202298 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2023.2202298 - Ouzir, M., El Bairi, K. and Amzazi, S (2016) 'Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)', Food and Chemical Toxicology, 96, pp. 145-154. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003 - Rao, A., Steels, E., Inder, W.J., Abraham, S. and others (2016) 'Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study', The Aging Male, 19(2), pp. 134-142. doi:10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323 Randomized trial
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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111596 - Neelakantan, N., Narayanan, M., de Souza, R.J. and van Dam, R.M (2014) 'Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) intake on glycemia: a meta-analysis of clinical trials', pp. 7. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effect%20of%20fenugreek%20%28Trigonella%20foenum-graecum%20L.%29%20intake%20on%20glycemia%3A%20a%20meta-analysis%20of%20clinical%20trials - Nagulapalli Venkata, K.C., Swaroop, A., Bagchi, D. and Bishayee, A (2017) 'A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention and health promotion', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 61(6), pp. 1600950. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600950 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600950 - Ulbricht, C., Basch, E., Burke, D., Cheung, L. and others (2007) 'Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Leguminosae): an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration', Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 7(3-4), pp. 143-177. doi:10.1080/15228940802142852 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/15228940802142852 - El Bairi, K., Ouzir, M., Agnieszka, N. and Khalki, L (2017) 'Anticancer potential of Trigonella foenum graecum: Cellular and molecular targets', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 90, pp. 479-491. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.071 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.071 - Piao, C.H., Bui, T.T., Song, C.H., Shin, H.S. and others (2017) 'Trigonella foenum-graecum alleviates airway inflammation of allergic asthma in ovalbumin-induced mouse model', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 482(4), pp. 1284-1288. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.029 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.029 - Asif, M., Yousaf, H.M., Saleem, M., Saadullah, M. and others (2021) 'Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Oil Attenuated Inflammation and Angiogenesis in vivo through Down-Regulation of TNF-alpha', Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 21(11), pp. 1460-1471. doi:10.2174/1871520620666201005100132 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520620666201005100132 - World Health Organization (1999) 'WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WHO%20Monographs%20on%20Selected%20Medicinal%20Plants - Kumar, P. and Bhandari, U (2013) 'Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds in experimentally-induced myocardial infarction', 23(2), pp. 255--261. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Protective%20effect%20of%20fenugreek%20%28Trigonella%20foenum-graecum%20L.%29%20seeds%20in%20experimentally-induced%20myocardial%20infarction - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - Neelakantan, N., Narayanan, M., de Souza, R.J. and van Dam, R.M (2014) 'Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) intake on glycemia: a meta-analysis of clinical trials', Nutrition Journal, 13, pp. 7. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-7 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-7 - Kim, J., Noh, W., Kim, A., Choi, Y. and Kim, Y.S (2023) 'The effect of fenugreek in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(18), pp. 13999. doi:10.3390/ijms241813999 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813999 - Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Song, Y. and Miao, M (2024) 'Effects of Momordica charantia L. supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Heliyon, 10(10), pp. e31126. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31126 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31126 - Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, R., Golzarand, M., Ghaffari, M.P. and Djafarian, K (2017) 'Nigella sativa improves glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 35, pp. 6-13. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.016 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.016
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.