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Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Fenugreek

Trigonella foenum-graecum

Family FabaceaeParts used Leaf, Seed, Young sproutsAlso known as Bird’s foot, goat’s horn, Greek clover, and alholva

This monograph compiles 3 pharmacological actions, 7 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 12 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12]
Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)[4, 5, 6, 11, 12]
Aphrodisiac[3, 5, 11, 12]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[1, 5, 11, 12]Good · 8/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for arthritis / joint pain →detailed sources →
Blood sugar / diabetes support[4, 5, 11, 12]Good · 7/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

more plants for blood sugar / diabetes support →detailed sources →
Inflammation (general)[5, 9, 10, 11, 12]Good · 7/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →
Skin irritation[5, 11, 12]Good · 7/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[5, 11, 12]Info

Fenugreek appears https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fenugreek for most people.

Safety note[5, 11, 12]Caution

Less serious side effects like diarrhea and indigestion have been reported anecdotally. You may also experience https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26251835/, which could be harmful if you have an eating disorder or are trying to https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-gain-weight. Moreover, some people report a strange and slightly sweet body odor when supplementing, but this is unconfirmed. Given its effect on blood sugar, fenugreek should be used with caution if you’re taking diabetes medication or other supplements that lower blood sugar levels.

Safety note[5, 11, 12]Caution

Duke (2002) provides strong clinical evidence (score 2) for fenugreek's hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities — among the best-evidenced herbal treatments for blood sugar and lipid management. Anti-inflammatory and demulcent activities also have clinical support. The seed is Commission E approved as an appetite stimulant. Dose: 6–50 g of ground seeds daily for blood sugar management; 1–4 g seeds in tea for digestive use. The plant has lactagogue effects and can cause maple syrup-like body odor due to sotolon content. Contraindicated in pregnancy at medicinal doses due to uterotonic effects (Duke, 2002).

References

REF-1114, REF-1115, REF-1116, REF-1117, REF-0182, REF-1118, REF-1119, REF-1120, REF-1121, REF-1122

References & Sources

  1. Faghfoori, Z., Javadivala, Z., Khalili, Y. and Malek Mahdavi, A (2023) 'Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review', Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 45(5), pp. 626-634. doi:10.1080/08923973.2023.2202298 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2023.2202298
  2. Ouzir, M., El Bairi, K. and Amzazi, S (2016) 'Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)', Food and Chemical Toxicology, 96, pp. 145-154. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003
  3. Rao, A., Steels, E., Inder, W.J., Abraham, S. and others (2016) 'Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study', The Aging Male, 19(2), pp. 134-142. doi:10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323
  4. Avalos-Soriano, A., De la Cruz-Cordero, R., Rosado, J.L. and Garcia-Gasca, T (2016) '4-Hydroxyisoleucine from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Effects on Insulin Resistance Associated with Obesity', Molecules, 21(11), pp. 1596. doi:10.3390/molecules21111596 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111596
  5. Neelakantan, N., Narayanan, M., de Souza, R.J. and van Dam, R.M (2014) 'Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) intake on glycemia: a meta-analysis of clinical trials', pp. 7. Meta-analysis / review
    Find this source
  6. Nagulapalli Venkata, K.C., Swaroop, A., Bagchi, D. and Bishayee, A (2017) 'A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention and health promotion', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 61(6), pp. 1600950. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600950 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600950
  7. Ulbricht, C., Basch, E., Burke, D., Cheung, L. and others (2007) 'Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Leguminosae): an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration', Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 7(3-4), pp. 143-177. doi:10.1080/15228940802142852 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15228940802142852
  8. El Bairi, K., Ouzir, M., Agnieszka, N. and Khalki, L (2017) 'Anticancer potential of Trigonella foenum graecum: Cellular and molecular targets', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 90, pp. 479-491. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.071 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.071
  9. Piao, C.H., Bui, T.T., Song, C.H., Shin, H.S. and others (2017) 'Trigonella foenum-graecum alleviates airway inflammation of allergic asthma in ovalbumin-induced mouse model', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 482(4), pp. 1284-1288. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.029 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.029
  10. Asif, M., Yousaf, H.M., Saleem, M., Saadullah, M. and others (2021) 'Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Oil Attenuated Inflammation and Angiogenesis in vivo through Down-Regulation of TNF-alpha', Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 21(11), pp. 1460-1471. doi:10.2174/1871520620666201005100132 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520620666201005100132
  11. Kumar, P. and Bhandari, U (2013) 'Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds in experimentally-induced myocardial infarction', 23(2), pp. 255--261. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  12. World Health Organization (1999) 'WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants'. Traditional / reference
    Find this source

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: book+pubmed · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

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