Plant Comparison

Anise vs Feverfew

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AAnisePimpinella anisumApiaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BFeverfewTanacetum partheniumAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Anise and Feverfew: they share 5 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, headache, inflammation (general), …); 1 pharmacological action in common.

AniseFeverfew

Constituents32

Pharmacological actions61

Indicated uses127

Safety notes22

Cited sources1916

Indicated uses

Only Anise

Back painBloatingCancer (anticancer research)IndigestionInfection (general)Respiratory supportWounds

Shared (5)

Arthritis / joint painHeadacheInflammation (general)Pain (general)Skin irritation

Only Feverfew

FeverMigraine

Pharmacological actions

Only Anise

Analgesic (pain relief)Anticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntioxidantDigestive aid

Shared (1)

Anti-inflammatory

Only Feverfew

none

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Anise	Feverfew	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	8/10	Stronger for Feverfew
Headache	1/10	9/10	Stronger for Feverfew
Inflammation (general)	1/10	8/10	Stronger for Feverfew
Pain (general)	1/10	7/10	Stronger for Feverfew
Skin irritation	2/10	8/10	Stronger for Feverfew

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Essential oil (trans-anethole)^{[3, 10]}

Trans-anethole typically makes up the great majority of the volatile oil and gives anise its characteristic liquorice aroma and much of its digestive and antimicrobial activity.

Essential (volatile) oil

Flavonoids and phenolic compounds^[5]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

FlavonoidsPhenolic compounds

Fixed oil and fatty acids^[8]

The fruit's lipid fraction.

Sesquiterpene lactones (parthenolide)^{[8, 9, 11, 12, 13]}

Parthenolide is the principal active compound, to which extracts are often standardised; it is biosynthesised and stored in the glandular trichomes of the aerial parts.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenesParthenolide

Flavonoids and essential oil^[11]

Supporting antioxidant and aromatic constituents.

Essential (volatile) oilFlavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[2, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^[9]

Antimicrobial^{[7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Antioxidant^{[3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Digestive aid^{[6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[3, 7, 11, 12]}

Anti-inflammatory - parthenolide inhibits NF-kB and nitroglycerin-induced neuronal (Fos) activation, the proposed basis of its antimigraine action

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Back pain

Bloating^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

Cancer (anticancer research)^[9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Headache^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Headache

Indigestion^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Pain (general)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Pain (general)

Respiratory support^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^{[3, 11]}Good · 8/10

Traditional use for fever and for joint pain / arthritis

Evidence: 8

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Fever^{[3, 11]}Good · 8/10

Traditional use for fever and for joint pain / arthritis

Evidence: 8

Label: Fever

Headache^{[1, 6, 11]}Strong · 9/10

Headache prevention and relief

Evidence: 9

Label: Headache

Inflammation (general)^{[7, 11, 12]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 8

Label: Inflammation (general)

Migraine^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12]}Strong · 10/10

Migraine prophylaxis - reduces attack frequency (evidence favourable for some standardised preparations, though mixed); parthenolide is identified as the component responsible for the antimigraine effect in animal models

Evidence: 10

Label: Migraine

Pain (general)^[11]Good · 7/10

Traditional use for fever and for joint pain / arthritis

Evidence: 7

Label: Pain (general)

Skin irritation^{[11, 12]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 8

Label: Skin irritation

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Caution

Generally safe when consumed in food amounts. Doses up to 20g daily considered safe for adults. May cause allergic reactions in some people. Caution advised during pregnancy and breastfeeding - stick to food amounts. Anethole can be toxic at high concentrations, particularly to the nervous system. Not enough safety data for medicinal use in children.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}Info

Duke (2002) provides clinical evidence (score 2) for anise as an antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and expectorant. It has demonstrated estrogenic activity and is used as a clinically supported lactagogue to promote milk production. Commission E and WHO have both approved its use for catarrh and gastrointestinal spasms. Typical dosages are 0.5–1 g crushed seed three times per day in tea, or 0.05–0.2 ml of the fruit essential oil (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^[11]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae), it can cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants. Chewing fresh leaves commonly causes mouth ulcers and oral soreness.

Safety note^[11]Caution

Stopping feverfew abruptly after prolonged use can cause a 'post-feverfew' rebound of headache, anxiety and muscle/joint stiffness. Avoid in pregnancy (uterine-stimulant) and breastfeeding, and use caution with anticoagulant/antiplatelet medicines.

External Ids

Gbif: 8080300

Wikidata: Q28692

Gbif: 3118430

Wikidata: Q818481

Botanical Description

Annual herb (Apiaceae), 30-60 cm tall, with an erect, downy stem. Lower leaves are rounded and toothed or shallowly lobed, while upper leaves are finely feathery and pinnately divided. Small white flowers are borne in compound umbels, followed by small, ridged, downy fruit ('aniseed') with a strong, sweet, liquorice scent.

Height: 30-60 cm

Habit: Erect, downy annual herb

Leaves: Lower leaves rounded/toothed; upper leaves finely feathery, pinnately divided

Flowers: Small, white, in compound umbels

Stem: Erect, downy

Root: Slender taproot

Fruit: Small, ridged, downy, sweetly liquorice-scented fruit ("aniseed")

Flowering Period: July-August

Aromatic perennial herb (Asteraceae), 20-60 cm tall, with much-branched, downy stems. Leaves are yellow-green, bipinnately divided and strongly scented. Small, daisy-like flower heads have white ray florets and a flat yellow disc, borne in loose clusters.^[13]

Height: 20-60 cm

Habit: Erect, much-branched, aromatic perennial herb

Leaves: Yellow-green, bipinnately divided, strongly scented

Flowers: Small, daisy-like, white ray florets around a flat yellow disc

Stem: Much-branched, downy

Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock

Fruit: Small ribbed achenes (typical Asteraceae)

Flowering Period: June-September

Habitat

Native to the eastern Mediterranean and south-west Asia, widely cultivated as a spice and medicinal crop in warm-temperate regions worldwide, needing a long, warm growing season and well-drained soil.

Native to the Balkans and Caucasus region, now naturalised across Europe, North America and elsewhere; grows on disturbed ground, walls, roadsides and waste places, and is widely cultivated.^[11]

Harvesting

Fruit ('seed') is harvested in late summer once the umbels have dried and turned brown, then threshed and dried further.

Parts: Fruit, Seed

Season: Late summer, once umbels have dried

Leaves (aerial parts) are gathered during the growing season, ideally at flowering, and dried or used fresh.^[13]

Parts: Leaf (aerial parts)

Season: Growing season, ideally at flowering

Traditional Uses

Anise has a long Mediterranean and Middle Eastern tradition as a carminative digestive remedy for bloating and indigestion, an expectorant for coughs and catarrh, and a traditional galactagogue (milk-promoting) herb for nursing mothers. Commission E and WHO both approve its traditional use for catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal spasms.^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Feverfew has a long European folk tradition, its name derived from 'febrifuge' (fever-reducer), as a remedy for fevers, headaches and joint pain. Modern use and clinical research focus on migraine prevention, with parthenolide identified as the key active compound responsible for inhibiting the inflammatory pathways implicated in migraine.^[11]

Preparations

Crushed seed infusion (tea)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

The classic carminative preparation: crushed seed steeped in hot water.

Essential oil^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Concentrated aromatic fruit oil, used in small measured amounts in traditional formulations.

Standardised leaf extract (capsule)^[11]

Freeze-dried or standardised-parthenolide extract, the form used in most clinical trials.

Dosage

Crushed seed / essential oil^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Duke (2002): about 0.5-1 g crushed seed three times daily in tea, or 0.05-0.2 mL of the fruit essential oil. Food amounts up to about 20 g/day are generally considered safe for adults. Avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy and in children given limited safety data. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Standardised extract^{[11, 12]}

Clinical trials for migraine prevention have most often used standardised extracts providing around 0.2-0.6% parthenolide, taken daily; do not stop abruptly after prolonged use given a documented 'post-feverfew' rebound syndrome. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in pregnancy and with anticoagulants.

References

REF-1407, REF-1408, REF-1409, REF-1410, REF-1411, REF-1412, REF-1413, REF-1414, REF-1415, REF-1416

REF-1572, REF-1573, REF-1574, REF-1575, REF-1576, REF-1577, REF-1578, REF-1579, REF-1580, REF-1581

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note^{[17, 18, 19]}Fatal

Dangerous Plant: conium-maculatum

Confused Part: The plant's foliage - lower leaves broad and parsley-like, upper leaves fine and lace-like - and the umbels of small white flowers, plus the aromatic seeds, which resemble poison hemlock; and hemlock seedlings volunteering among planted anise.

Confusion Context: Anise (Pimpinella anisum) is a parsley-family herb that poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is documented to resemble. King County (Washington) lists anise among the edible parsley-family plants poison hemlock can be confused with, and the North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox lists Pimpinella anisum among the plants commonly confused with poison hemlock. Conium contains coniine and kills by ascending paralysis and respiratory failure - a few leaves or seeds can be fatal. Documented anise-specific poisonings are sparse, so the value of this record is the rock-solid tests below rather than a claim that this exact swap is common.

Distinguishing Features: SMELL (decisive): crushed anise foliage and seed smell sweet and strongly of licorice/aniseed. Poison hemlock smells rank, musty and mouse-like, with no sweet licorice note., Stem: poison hemlock has a hairless, hollow stem conspicuously blotched and streaked with red-purple, especially near the base. Anise stems are plain green and never carry purple blotches., Stature: poison hemlock is a tall (often 1.5-3 m) branching biennial; cultivated anise is a small annual usually under 0.6 m. A large fern-leaved umbellifer with a purple-blotched stem is not anise.

Key Test: Crush a leaf or seed and smell it, and look at the stem. A sweet licorice/aniseed scent with a plain green stem = anise. A musty/mousy smell and/or a hairless stem with red-purple blotches = poison hemlock - do not eat. If either warning sign is present, discard it.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^[14]Caution

Drug Class: anticoagulants-antiplatelets

Mechanism: Feverfew and its component parthenolide inhibit platelet aggregation and serotonin release, so combining it with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase bleeding risk.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Pairings

Not documented

Feverfew and ginger both reduce blood clotting/platelet stickiness, so taking them together may add up and raise the risk of bruising or bleeding — use caution, especially before surgery or alongside blood-thinning drugs.^{[14, 15, 16]}

Partner Id: zingiber-officinale

Type: caution

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

Samojlik, I., Petkovic, S., Stilinovic, N., Vukmirovic, S. and others (2016) 'Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interaction between Essential Oil of Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae) and Acetaminophen and Caffeine: A Potential Risk for Clinical Practice', Phytotherapy Research, 30(2), pp. 253-259. doi:10.1002/ptr.5523 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5523
Hashemnia, M., Nikousefat, Z., Mohammadalipour, A., Zangeneh, M.M. and others (2019) 'Wound healing activity of Pimpinella anisum methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats', Journal of Wound Care, 28(Sup10), pp. S26-S36. doi:10.12968/jowc.2019.28.Sup10.S26 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.Sup10.S26
Samojlik, I., Mijatovic, V., Petkovic, S., Skrbic, B. and others (2012) 'The influence of essential oil of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum, L.) on drug effects on the central nervous system', Fitoterapia, 83(8), pp. 1466-1473. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.012 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.012
Changizi-Ashtiyani, S., Seddigh, A., Najafi, H., Hossaini, N. and others (2017) 'Pimpinella anisum L. ethanolic extract ameliorates the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats', Nephrology (Carlton), 22(2), pp. 133-138. doi:10.1111/nep.12953 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.12953
Mushtaq, A., Habib, F., Manea, R., Anwar, R. and others (2023) 'Biomolecular Screening of Pimpinella anisum L. for Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activity in Mice Brain', Molecules, 28(5), pp. 2217. doi:10.3390/molecules28052217 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052217
Alotaibi, M.F (2020) 'Pimpinella anisum extract attenuates spontaneous and agonist-induced uterine contraction in term-pregnant rats', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 254, pp. 112730. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112730 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112730
Dawoud, T. and Ameen, F (2023) 'Unveiling the bioactive potential of Pimpinella anisum L. leaf extracts: Chromatographic profiling, antimicrobial efficiency, and cytotoxicity analysis', Biomedical Chromatography, 37(12), pp. e5739. doi:10.1002/bmc.5739 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.5739
Alrasheid, A.A., Kabbashi, A.S., Ali, A.O., Alrasheed, A.A. and others (2024) 'Nutritional Value and in vitro Antigiardial Activity of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Seeds', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(3), pp. e202301254. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202301254 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202301254
Almaimani, G., Jabbar, A.A.J., Ibrahim, I.A.A., Alzahrani, A.R. and others (2024) 'Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) attenuates azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways in rats', Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 31(3), pp. 4439-4452. doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31349-z Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31349-z
Shrief, A.I., Abdel-Hamid, A.A.M., Moustafa, A. and El-Mohandes, E (2022) 'The possible protective role of Pimpinella anisum oil versus selenium on aspartame induced changes in rat cerebellar cortex', Ultrastructural Pathology, 46(6), pp. 497-510. doi:10.1080/01913123.2022.2136809 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/01913123.2022.2136809
Jaradat N, et al. A Multidimensional Review of Pimpinella anisum. Molecules. 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10035495/ (2023) 'https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10035495/'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10035495/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10035495/
McCormick Science Institute. Anise Potential Health Benefits. https://www.mccormickscienceinstitute.com/our-research/scientific-overviews/anise-potential-health-benefits. Available at: https://www.mccormickscienceinstitute.com/our-research/scientific-overviews/anise-potential-health-benefits Traditional / reference
https://www.mccormickscienceinstitute.com/our-research/scientific-overviews/anise-potential-health-benefits
Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Anise (2019) ';5(1)', 5(1). doi:10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688
Shojaii A, Abdollahi Fard M. Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. ISRN Pharm. 2012;2012:510795. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3405664/ (2012) ';2012:510795'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3405664/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3405664/
Singletary KW. Anise: Potential Health Benefits. Nutrition Today. 2022;57 (2022) ';57(2):73-80', 57(2). Available at: https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2022/03000/anise__potential_health_benefits.10.aspx Traditional / reference
https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2022/03000/anise__potential_health_benefits.10.aspx
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock
North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (2024) 'Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock)'. Available at: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/conium-maculatum/ Traditional / reference
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/conium-maculatum/
Dayan, A.D (2024) 'Death of Socrates: a likely case of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning', Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 62(1), pp. 56-60. doi:10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328

Ernst, E. and Pittler, M.H (2000) 'The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): an update of a systematic review', Public Health Nutrition, 3(4A), pp. 509-514. doi:10.1017/s1368980000000598 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000598
Pittler, M.H., Vogler, B.K. and Ernst, E (2000) 'Feverfew for preventing migraine', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), pp. CD002286. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002286 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002286
Pareek, A., Suthar, M., Rathore, G.S. and Bansal, V (2011) 'Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review', Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), pp. 103-110. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79105 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79105
Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J. and Drummond, P.D (2020) 'Herbal treatments for migraine: A systematic review of randomised-controlled studies', Phytotherapy Research, 34(10), pp. 2493-2517. doi:10.1002/ptr.6701 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6701
Pfaffenrath, V., Diener, H.C., Fischer, M., Friede, M. and Henneicke-von Zepelin, H.H (2002) 'The efficacy and safety of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) in migraine prophylaxis - a double-blind, multicentre, randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study', Cephalalgia, 22(7), pp. 523-532. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00396.x Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00396.x
Shrivastava, R., Pechadre, J.C. and John, G.W (2006) 'Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba (Mig-RL) combination in migraine prophylaxis: a prospective, open-label study', Clinical Drug Investigation, 26(5), pp. 287-296. doi:10.2165/00044011-200626050-00006 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200626050-00006
Sur, R., Martin, K., Liebel, F., Lyte, P. and others (2009) 'Anti-inflammatory activity of parthenolide-depleted Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)', Inflammopharmacology, 17(1), pp. 42-49. doi:10.1007/s10787-008-8040-9 Preclinical
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Darbahani, M., Rahaie, M., Ebrahimi, A. and Khosrowshahli, M (2022) 'The effects of several abiotic elicitors on the expression of genes of key enzymes involved in the parthenolide biosynthetic pathway and its content in feverfew plant (Tanacetum parthenium L.)', Natural Product Research, 36(23), pp. 6132-6136. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2055555 Preclinical
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Jin, P., Madieh, S. and Augsburger, L.L (2008) 'Selected physical and chemical properties of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extracts important for formulated product quality and performance', AAPS PharmSciTech, 9(1), pp. 22-30. doi:10.1208/s12249-007-9017-5 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-007-9017-5
Studzinska-Sroka, E., Znajdek-Awizen, P. and Gawron-Gzella, A (2013) 'Studies on the antimigraine action of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.)', Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 66(2 Pt 2), pp. 195-199. Meta-analysis / review
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Wider, B., Pittler, M.H. and Ernst, E (2015) 'Feverfew for preventing migraine', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002286.pub3 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002286.pub3
Tassorelli, C. and Greco, R. and Morazzoni, P. and Riva, A. and Sandrini, G. and Nappi, G (2005) 'Parthenolide is the component of Tanacetum parthenium that inhibits nitroglycerin-induced Fos activation: studies in an animal model of migraine', Cephalalgia, 25(8), pp. 612--621. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00915.x Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00915.x
Majdi, M. and Liu, Q. and Karimzadeh, G. and Malboobi, M.A. and Beekwilder, J. and Cankar, K. and de Vos, R. and Todorovic, S. and Simonovic, A. and Bouwmeester, H (2011) 'Biosynthesis and localization of parthenolide in glandular trichomes of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L. Schulz Bip.)', Phytochemistry, pp. 1739--1750. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.021 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.021
Groenewegen, W.A. and Heptinstall, S (1990) 'A comparison of the effects of an extract of feverfew and parthenolide, a component of feverfew, on human platelet activity in-vitro', Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 42(8), pp. 553-557. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07057.x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07057.x
Ang-Lee, M.K., Moss, J. and Yuan, C.S (2001) 'Herbal medicines and perioperative care', JAMA, 286(2), pp. 208-216. doi:10.1001/jama.286.2.208 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.2.208
Jiang, X., Williams, K.M., Liauw, W.S., Ammit, A.J., Roufogalis, B.D., Duke, C.C., Day, R.O. and McLachlan, A.J (2005) 'Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 59(4), pp. 425-432. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.