Plant Comparison
Hyssop vs Red Clover
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
First plant
Second plant
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At a glance
Hyssop and Red Clover: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bronchitis, cancer (anticancer research), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.
HyssopRed Clover
Constituents22
Pharmacological actions410
Indicated uses716
Safety notes22
Cited sources1544
Indicated uses
Only Hyssop
none
Shared (7)
Arthritis / joint painBronchitisCancer (anticancer research)CoughInflammation (general)Respiratory supportSkin irritation
Only Red Clover
Cardiovascular / heart healthMenstrual crampsMuscle spasmMenopauseHot flashesHigh cholesterolBlood sugar / diabetes supportCognitive functionWounds
Pharmacological actions
Only Hyssop
none
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantExpectorant
Only Red Clover
AntispasmodicLipid-loweringNeuroprotective / cognition supportAntidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)AntimicrobialVulnerary (wound healing)
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Hyssop | Red Clover | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
| Bronchitis | 2/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
| Cough | 2/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
| Inflammation (general) | 2/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
| Respiratory support | 2/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 5/10 | Stronger for Red Clover |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Essential oil (pinocamphone, isopinocamphone)[1]
Volatile oil containing the ketones pinocamphone and isopinocamphone, giving the characteristic aroma but also responsible for the neurotoxic/convulsant risk of the essential oil at high internal doses.
Essential (volatile) oilCamphor
Flavonoids and phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid)[1]
Antioxidant constituents contributing to the plant's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.
FlavonoidsRosmarinic acidPhenolic acids
Isoflavones (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein)[14]
Phytoestrogenic isoflavones responsible for the plant's estrogenic and cardiovascular research interest; one of the richest known plant sources.
Flavonoids
Coumarins[40]
Contribute mild anticoagulant activity; relevant to the plant's caution around blood-thinning medication.
Coumarins
Pharmacological Actions
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10
inferred from anticancer action
Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Evidence: 9
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
inferred from antispasmodic action
Evidence: 5
Label: Muscle spasm
inferred from expectorant action
Evidence: 5
Label: Respiratory support
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
inferred from anticancer action
Evidence: 7
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Evidence: 2
Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support
inferred from neuroprotective action
Evidence: 8
Label: Cognitive function
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally safe at therapeutic doses. Hyssop essential oil is neurotoxic in high doses (contains pinocamphone and isopinocamphone) — internal use of the essential oil is contraindicated, especially in epilepsy, pregnancy, and children. The herb (dried or fresh) at normal tea doses does not carry this risk. Not recommended internally in medicinal doses during pregnancy.
Duke (2002) rates hyssop as ++ and notes clinical evidence (score 2) for antiviral activity, particularly against herpes simplex virus, which is notable clinical validation for this herb. It also demonstrates experimental antibacterial, antispasmodic, and expectorant activities. Duke warns that hyssop essential oil is potentially convulsant at higher doses (due to pinocamphone content) and should not be used in epilepsy or by children. Dose: 2–3 g dried herb as tea three times daily; no more than 0.3 ml of essential oil internally. Avoid in pregnancy due to emmenagogue properties (Duke, 2002).
Generally safe in normal dietary amounts. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens — exercise caution in oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients or those taking hormone therapies. May interact with warfarin (antiplatelet activity). Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Well tolerated in most adults.
Duke (2002) rates red clover as +++ and provides clinical evidence (score 2) for estrogenic activity — the plant is one of the richest plant sources of isoflavones (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein). Clinical applications include menopausal symptom relief, osteoporosis prevention, and cardiovascular protection in peri-menopausal women. Dose: standardized extract providing 40–160 mg isoflavones daily. Duke cautions that due to strong estrogenic activity, red clover is not recommended in estrogen-dependent cancers (breast, uterine) or alongside hormone replacement therapy without medical supervision. Anti-coagulant coumarins are also present (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Gbif: 5341387
Wikidata: Q137931
Gbif: 8324121
Wikidata: Q156635
Botanical Description
Aromatic, semi-woody perennial subshrub with slender, upright, square stems typical of the mint family. The leaves are narrow, lance-shaped and highly aromatic. Small, two-lipped, violet-blue (occasionally pink or white) flowers are borne in dense whorled spikes along the upper stem.[1]
Height: 30-60 cm
Habit: Aromatic, semi-woody perennial subshrub
Leaves: Narrow, lance-shaped, highly aromatic
Flowers: Small, two-lipped, violet-blue (occasionally pink or white), in dense whorled spikes
Stem: Slender, upright, square (typical of the mint family), semi-woody at the base
Root: Woody rootstock
Fruit: Small nutlet (typical of Lamiaceae)
Flowering Period: June-September
Short-lived perennial herb with trifoliate leaves, each leaflet oval and often marked with a pale chevron, arising from a spreading, slightly hairy stem. Dense, rounded, pink to magenta flower heads are borne at the stem tips.[40]
Height: 20-60 cm
Habit: Short-lived perennial herb, spreading via a branching taproot
Leaves: Trifoliate, each leaflet oval with a pale chevron marking, slightly hairy
Flowers: Dense, rounded heads of small pink to magenta pea-like flowers
Stem: Slightly hairy, branching, spreading
Root: Branching taproot with nitrogen-fixing root nodules
Fruit: Small pod containing 1-2 seeds, enclosed within the dried flower head
Flowering Period: May-September
Habitat
Grows on dry, sunny, rocky or calcareous slopes and banks; native to southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Central Asia, and widely cultivated as a culinary and medicinal herb.[1]
Grows in meadows, pastures, roadsides and grassy waste ground; native to Europe, western Asia and North Africa and widely naturalised and cultivated as a forage crop elsewhere.[40]
Harvesting
The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut in summer as the plant comes into flower, when essential oil content is highest, and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place.[1]
Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Summer, at flowering
The flowering heads are picked at full bloom in summer and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve isoflavone content and colour.[40]
Parts: Flower, Leaf
Season: Summer, at full bloom
Traditional Uses
Hyssop has an ancient Mediterranean and biblical reputation as a cleansing, aromatic herb, traditionally used as an expectorant and antimicrobial remedy for coughs, bronchitis and respiratory catarrh, and as a digestive bitter and mild antiviral herb, notably for cold sores (herpes simplex).[1]
Red clover flower has a long folk tradition as a blood-purifying and expectorant remedy for coughs and skin complaints, and more recently has become one of the most studied herbal sources of isoflavone phytoestrogens, researched for menopausal symptom relief and cardiovascular and bone support.[14, 40, 41]
Preparations
Infusion[1]
Dried flowering herb infused in hot water as a traditional expectorant and digestive tea.
Dosage
Infusion[13]
Health Canada's NNHPD monograph gives 3-16 g of dried herb top per day for adults 18 years and older, not to exceed 4 g in a single dose, with infusion among the accepted methods of preparation. Educational reference only, not a prescription. The essential oil is not for unsupervised internal use.
Standardized extract[14]
Clinical research commonly uses around 40-80 mg isoflavones daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
REF-0845, REF-0846, REF-0847, REF-1800, REF-1801, REF-1802, REF-1803, REF-1804, REF-1805, REF-1806, REF-1807, REF-1808
REF-1104, REF-1105, REF-1106, REF-1107, REF-1108, REF-1109, REF-1110, REF-1111, REF-1112, REF-1113, REF-2344, REF-2345, REF-2346, REF-0013, REF-2347, REF-2889, REF-2890, REF-2891, REF-2892, REF-2893, REF-2894, REF-2895, REF-2896, REF-2897, REF-2898, REF-2899, REF-2900, REF-2923, REF-2924, REF-2925, REF-2926, REF-2927, REF-2928, REF-2929, REF-2930, REF-2931, REF-2932, REF-2933, REF-2934
Lookalikes Review
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Drug Class: hormonal-therapies
Mechanism: Red clover is rich in isoflavones that act like weak oestrogens; its safety alongside hormone medicines (such as the contraceptive pill, HRT, or breast-cancer hormone treatments like tamoxifen) or in hormone-sensitive conditions is not established, so combined use warrants caution and medical advice.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03
References & Sources
- Atazhanova, G., Ishmuratova, M., Levaya, Y., Smagulov, M. and Lakomkina, Y (2024) 'The Genus Hyssopus: Traditional Use, Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Properties', Plants (Basel), 13(12), pp. 1683. doi:10.3390/plants13121683 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121683 - Sharifi-Rad, J., Quispe, C., Kumar, M., Akram, M. et al (2022) 'Hyssopus Essential Oil: An Update of Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Safety Profile', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, pp. 8442734. doi:10.1155/2022/8442734 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8442734 - Gharakhani-Beni, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Javanmard, H., Soleymani, A. and Golparvar, A (2022) 'Chemical compositions, yield and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under intercropping with fenugreek', Natural Product Research, 37(4), pp. 675-680. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2078971 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2078971 - Fatahinezhad, N., Lorigooini, Z., Arabi, M., Rabiei, Z., Sheykhshabani, S.K. and Rafieian-Kopaei, M (2022) 'Effects of Hyssopus Officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Convulsive Seizures in Rat', Neurochemical Research, 47(12), pp. 3792-3804. doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03759-x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03759-x - Tahir, M., Rahman, M.A. and Khushtar, M (2019) 'Gastroprotective effect of Hyssopus officinalis L. leaves via reduction of oxidative stress in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats', Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 45(1), pp. 291-300. doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1685537 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2019.1685537 - Khaksar, S., Kiarostami, K. and Alinaghi, S (2022) 'The Effects of Methanol Extracts of Hyssopus officinalis on Model of Induced Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) in Rats', Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 72(9), pp. 2045-2066. doi:10.1007/s12031-022-02058-y Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-022-02058-y - Ghasempour, M., Hosseini, M., Soltani-Zangbar, M.S., Motavalli, R., Aghebati-Maleki, L., Dolati, S., Mehdizadeh, A., Yousefi, M. and Ahmadian Heris, J (2022) 'The impact of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) extract on activation of endosomal toll like receptors and their downstream signaling pathways', BMC Research Notes, 15(1), pp. 366. doi:10.1186/s13104-022-06253-3 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-06253-3 - Ma, X., Ma, X., Ma, Z., Wang, J., Sun, Z., Yu, W., Li, F. and Ding, J (2014) 'Effect of Hyssopus officinalis L. on inhibiting airway inflammation and immune regulation in a chronic asthmatic mouse model', Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 8(5), pp. 1371-1374. doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1978 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1978 - Gholami, M., Jafari, F., Baradaran, Z., Amri, J., Azhdari-Zarmehri, H. and Sadegh, M (2020) 'Effects of aqueous extract of Hyssopus officinalis on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and hippocampus mRNA level of iNOS in rats', Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 10(3), pp. 213-221. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effects%20of%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Hyssopus%20officinalis%20on%20seizures%20induced%20by%20pentylenetetrazole%20and%20hippocampus%20mRNA%20level%20of%20iNOS%20in%20rats - Guerrini, A., Sacchetti, G., Echeverria Guevara, M.P., Paganetto, G., Grandini, A., Maresca, I., Menghini, L., Di Martino, L., Marengo, A. and Tacchini, M (2021) 'Wild Italian Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman: From Morphological and Phytochemical Evidences to Biological Activities', Plants, 10(4), pp. 631. doi:10.3390/plants10040631 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040631 - Rashidi, S., Eikani, M.H. and Ardjmand, M (2018) 'Extraction of Hyssopus officinalis L. essential oil using instant controlled pressure drop process', Journal of Chromatography A, 1579, pp. 9-19. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.020 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.020 - Polaki, S., Stamatelopoulou, V., Kotsou, K., Chatzimitakos, T., Athanasiadis, V., Bozinou, E. and Lalas, S.I (2024) 'Exploring Conventional and Green Extraction Methods for Enhancing the Polyphenol Yield and Antioxidant Activity of Hyssopus officinalis Extracts', Plants, 13(15), pp. 2105. doi:10.3390/plants13152105 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152105 - Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (2026) 'Natural Health Product Monograph: Hyssop - Hyssopus officinalis'. Available at: https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_hyssop_english.pdf Traditional / reference
https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_hyssop_english.pdf - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
- Kanadys, W., Baranska, A., Blaszczuk, A., Polz-Dacewicz, M. and others (2021) 'Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials', Nutrients, 13(4), pp. 1258. doi:10.3390/nu13041258 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041258 - Kanadys, W., Baranska, A., Jedrych, M., Religioni, U. and others (2019) 'Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women-A systematic review and meta-analysis', Maturitas, 132, pp. 7-16. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.11.001 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.11.001 - Yokoyama, S.I., Kodera, M., Hirai, A., Nakada, M. and others (2020) 'Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Sprout Prevents Metabolic Syndrome', Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 66(1), pp. 48-53. doi:10.3177/jnsv.66.48 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.66.48 - Gosciniak, A., Szulc, P., Zielewicz, W., Walkowiak, J. and others (2023) 'Multidirectional Effects of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in Support of Menopause Therapy', Molecules, 28(13), pp. 5178. doi:10.3390/molecules28135178 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135178 - Booth, N.L., Piersen, C.E., Banuvar, S., Geller, S.E. and others (2006) 'Clinical studies of red clover (Trifolium pratense) dietary supplements in menopause: a literature review', Menopause, 13(2), pp. 251-264. doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000198297.40269.f7 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000198297.40269.f7 - Oza, M.J. and Kulkarni, Y.A (2020) 'Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) Improves SIRT1 Expression and Glycogen Content in High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 17(4), pp. e2000019. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202000019 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202000019 - Circosta, C., De Pasquale, R., Palumbo, D.R., Samperi, S. and others (2006) 'Effects of isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense) on skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats', Phytotherapy Research, 20(12), pp. 1096-1099. doi:10.1002/ptr.2017 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2017 - Brandli, A., Simpson, J.S. and Ventura, S (2010) 'Isoflavones isolated from red clover (Trifolium pratense) inhibit smooth muscle contraction of the isolated rat prostate gland', Phytomedicine, 17(11), pp. 895-901. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.006 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.006 - Burdette, J.E., Liu, J., Lantvit, D., Lim, E. and others (2002) 'Trifolium pratense (red clover) exhibits estrogenic effects in vivo in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats', The Journal of Nutrition, 132(1), pp. 27-30. doi:10.1093/jn/132.1.27 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.1.27 - Jiang, Y.B. and Yang, Y.R (2016) 'Trifolium pratense isoflavones improve pulmonary vascular remodelling in broiler chickens', Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 100(6), pp. 1159-1168. doi:10.1111/jpn.12424 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12424 - Yigit, E. and Unsal, S (2024) 'Isoflavones obtained from red clover improve both dyslipidemia and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial', Climacteric, 27(6), pp. 548-554. doi:10.1080/13697137.2024.2393121 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2024.2393121 - Lethaby, A.E., Brown, J., Marjoribanks, J., Kronenberg, F., Roberts, H. and Eden, J (2007) 'Phytoestrogens for vasomotor menopausal symptoms', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), pp. CD001395. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub3 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub3 - Geller, S.E. and Studee, L (2006) 'Soy and red clover for mid-life and aging', Climacteric, 9(4), pp. 245-263. doi:10.1080/13697130600736934 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130600736934 - Atkinson, C. et al (2004) 'The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial', 79(2), pp. 326--333. doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.2.326 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.2.326 - Quah, Y., Yi-Le, J.C., Park, N.H., Lee, Y.Y., Lee, E.B., Jang, S.H., Kim, M.J., Rhee, M.H., Lee, S.J. and Park, S.C (2022) 'Serum biomarker-based osteoporosis risk prediction and the systemic effects of Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract in a postmenopausal model', Chinese Medicine, 17(1), pp. 70. doi:10.1186/s13020-022-00622-7 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00622-7 - Mohsen, A. and Fatemeh, K. and Leila, N. and Mona, P. and Mohammad, Z. and Mozafar, K (2021) 'Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of the Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.): an overview of the new finding', J Tradit Chin Med, 41(4), pp. 642-649. doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210324.001 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210324.001 - Antonescu Mintas, A.I. and Miere Groza, F. and Fritea, L. and Ganea, M. and Zdrinca, M. and Dobjanschi, L. and Antonescu, A. and Vicas, S.I. and Bodog, F. and Sindhu, R.K. and Cavalu, S (2021) 'Perspectives on the Combined Effects of Trifolium pratense and Ocimum basilicum Extracts in Terms of Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Effects', Plants (Basel), 10(7). doi:10.3390/plants10071390 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071390 - Tanrıverdi, G. and Abdulova, A. and Çölgeçen, H. and Atar, H. and Kaleci, B. and Ekiz-Yılmaz, T (2023) 'Investigation of apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of Turkish natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense L. extract on C6 glioblastoma cells via light and electron microscopy', Ultrastruct Pathol, 47(3), pp. 160-171. doi:10.1080/01913123.2023.2184893 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/01913123.2023.2184893 - Zakłos-Szyda, M. and Budryn, G (2020) 'The Effects of Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts' Phenolic Compounds on Cell Growth and Migration of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HUVEC Cells', Nutrients, 12(1). doi:10.3390/nu12010257 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010257 - Khazayel, S. and Faraji, M.H. and Akbaribazm, M. and Khazaei, M. and Niromand, E. and Khazaei, M.R (2025) 'Synergistic inhibitory effects of Trifolium pratense L. extract and doxorubicin on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice are mediated via targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition', Avicenna J Phytomed, 15(5), pp. 1546-1561. doi:10.22038/ajp.2025.25940 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.22038/ajp.2025.25940 - Shirani Asl, V. and Rafieemehr, H. and Tamaddon, G (2024) 'The impact of Trifolium pratense extract on apoptosis and autophagy in NALM-6 cells: implications for B-ALL intervention', Med Oncol, 41(11), pp. 257. doi:10.1007/s12032-024-02485-4 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02485-4 - Won, J.P. and Kim, E. and Hur, J. and Lee, H.G. and Lee, W.J. and Seo, H.G (2023) 'Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) extract inhibits ferroptotic cell death by modulating cellular iron homeostasis', J Ethnopharmacol, 308, pp. 116267. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116267 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116267 - Al-Shami, A.S. and Essawy, A.E. and Elkader, H.A.E.A (2023) 'Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential neuroprotective effects of Trifolium pratense and its phytoestrogen-isoflavones in neurodegenerative disorders', Phytother Res, 37(6), pp. 2693-2737. doi:10.1002/ptr.7870 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7870 - Zhang, H. and Zhao, J. and Shang, H. and Guo, Y. and Chen, S (2020) 'Extraction, purification, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) polysaccharides', Int J Biol Macromol, 148, pp. 750-760. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.194 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.194 - Khazaei, A.H. and Bozorgi, A. and Ghanbari, E. and Bozorgi, M. and Khazaei, M (2025) 'Trifolium pratense-Derived Exosome Improved Serum Biochemical Parameters and Pancreatic Genes in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats', Endocrinol Diabetes Metab, 8(5), pp. e70103. doi:10.1002/edm2.70103 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70103 - Hitzman, R. and Malca-Garcia, G.R. and Howell, C. and Park, H.Y. and Friesen, J.B. and Dong, H. and Dunlap, T. and McAlpine, J.B. and Vollmer, G. and Bosland, M.C. and Nikolić, D. and Lankin, D.C. and Chen, S.N. and Bolton, J.L. and Pauli, G.F. and Dietz, B.M (2023) 'DESIGNER fraction concept unmasks minor bioactive constituents in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)', Phytochemistry, 214, pp. 113789. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113789 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113789 - Lien, Y.Y. and Shyur, L.F. and Cheng, Y.B. and Chang, M.T. and Chang, C.T. and Chen, Y.H. and Lai, G.H. and Liao, H.Y. and Cheng, M.C (2024) 'Trifolium pratense as a novel phytogenic supplement, is an anticoccidial agent in chickens', Poult Sci, 103(10), pp. 104064. doi:10.1016/j.psj.2024.104064 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104064 - Lee, S.G. and Brownmiller, C. and Lee, S. and Kang, H.W (2020) 'Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Anthocyanins of Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW-267.4 Macrophages', Nutrients, 12(4), pp. 1089-1089. doi:10.3390/nu12041089 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041089 - Akbaribazm, M. and Khazaei, M.R. and Khazaei, M.R. and Khazaei, M. and Khazaei, M (2020) 'Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of alcoholic/hydroalcoholic extract of Trifolium pratense', Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12(3), pp. 326-335. doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2020.02.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2020.02.002 - Fu, X. and Qin, T. and Yu, J. and Jiao, J. and Ma, Z. and Fu, Q. and Deng, X. and Ma, S (2019) 'Formononetin Ameliorates Cognitive Disorder via PGC-1α Pathway in Neuroinflammation Conditions in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice', CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 18(7), pp. 566-577. doi:10.2174/1871527318666190807160137 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050548 - Bai, Y. and Li, Z. and Liu, W. and Gao, D. and Liu, M. and Zhang, P (2019) 'Biochanin A attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway', Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 34(11), pp. e201901104-e201901104. doi:10.1590/s0102-865020190110000004 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020190110000004 - Félix, F.B. and Vago, J.P. and Fernandes, D.D.O. and Martins, D.G. and Zaidan, I. and Gonçalves, W.A. and Costa, W.C. and Araújo, J.M.D. and Queiroz‐Junior, C.M. and Campolina-Silva, G.H. and Soriani, F.M. and Sousa, L.P. and Grespan, R. and Teixeira, M.M. and Pinho, V (2021) 'Biochanin A Regulates Key Steps of Inflammation Resolution in a Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis via GPR30/PKA-Dependent Mechanism', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 662308-662308. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.662308 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.662308 - Akbaribazm, M. and Khazaei, M.R. and Khazaei, M.R. and Khazaei, M. and Khazaei, M (2020) 'Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) extract and doxorubicin synergistically inhibits proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer in tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice through modulation of apoptosis and increase antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory related pathways', Food Science & Nutrition, 8(8), pp. 4276-4290. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1724 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1724 - Akbaribazm, M. and Khazaei, M.R. and Khazaei, M.R. and Khazaei, F. and Khazaei, M. and Khazaei, M (2020) 'Doxorubicin and Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) extract synergistically inhibits brain and lung metastases in 4T1 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice', Food Science & Nutrition, 8(10), pp. 5557-5570. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1820 Preclinical
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.