Plant Comparison

Eyebright vs Sweet Violet

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AEyebrightEuphrasia officinalisOrobanchaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BSweet VioletViola odorataViolaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Eyebright and Sweet Violet: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), cough, …); 2 pharmacological actions in common.

EyebrightSweet Violet

Constituents33

Pharmacological actions35

Indicated uses1211

Safety notes22

Cited sources1416

Indicated uses

Only Eyebright

Allergy / hay feverDiarrhoeaEye strain / eye healthFeverInfection (general)Wounds

Shared (6)

Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)CoughInflammation (general)Respiratory supportSkin irritation

Only Sweet Violet

AsthmaBronchitisHeadacheInsomnia / sleeplessnessSore throat

Pharmacological actions

Only Eyebright

Astringent

Shared (2)

Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)

Only Sweet Violet

Demulcent (soothing mucilage)ExpectorantSedative / sleep support

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Eyebright	Sweet Violet	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)	2/10	2/10	Comparable evidence
Cough	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Sweet Violet
Inflammation (general)	2/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Respiratory support	1/10	6/10	Stronger for Sweet Violet
Skin irritation	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Sweet Violet

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Iridoid glycosides (notably aucubin)^{[11, 12]}

Give the plant its anti-inflammatory action on irritated tissue.

Iridoid glycosidesGlycosides

Tannins^[11]

Astringent constituents useful in watery, irritated eyes.

Tannins

Flavonoids (quercetin) and phenolic acids^{[11, 12]}

Antioxidant constituents.

Phenolic acidsFlavonoidsQuercetin

Mucilage and saponins^[11]

Mucilage gives the soothing demulcent action; saponins give the expectorant action.

MucilageSaponins

Flavonoids and salicylic acid^{[2, 11]}

Antioxidant and mild analgesic constituents.

Flavonoids

Alkaloids (e.g. violine) and essential oil^[11]

Minor aromatic and bioactive constituents.

Essential (volatile) oilAlkaloids

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[4, 5, 10, 11, 12]}

Astringent and anti-inflammatory for eye irritation, redness and conjunctivitis (traditional, as an eye compress or bath) - an open prospective cohort of Euphrasia single-dose eye drops reported recovery or clear improvement in most patients with conjunctivitis

Anticancer (preclinical)^[10]

Astringent^{[11, 12]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 4, 11]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[3, 10]}

Demulcent (soothing mucilage)^{[1, 11, 12]}

Demulcent / expectorant for cough, bronchitis and catarrh (mucilage soothes; saponins loosen mucus) - a double-blind RCT found violet-flower syrup, added to standard treatment, sped cough suppression in children with asthma

Expectorant^{[1, 6, 11, 12]}

Sedative / sleep support^{[1, 7, 8, 9, 11]}

Mild sedative for sleeplessness and to ease headache (traditional)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Allergy / hay fever^[11]Traditional · 1/10

Eases eye strain and watery, itchy eyes from allergy (hay fever / allergic conjunctivitis)

Evidence: 1

Label: Allergy / hay fever

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^[10]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cough^[11]Traditional · 1/10

Soothes upper-respiratory catarrh and mild infection (traditional)

Evidence: 1

Label: Cough

Diarrhoea^{[11, 12]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 1

Label: Diarrhoea

Eye strain / eye health^{[11, 12, 13]}Limited · 3/10

Evidence: 3

Label: Eye strain / eye health

Fever^[11]Traditional · 1/10

Eases eye strain and watery, itchy eyes from allergy (hay fever / allergic conjunctivitis)

Evidence: 1

Label: Fever

Infection (general)^{[10, 11]}Traditional · 2/10

Soothes upper-respiratory catarrh and mild infection (traditional)

Evidence: 2

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[10, 11, 12]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Inflammation (general)

Respiratory support^[11]Traditional · 1/10

Soothes upper-respiratory catarrh and mild infection (traditional)

Evidence: 1

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[11, 12]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[11, 12]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Asthma^{[11, 12]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Asthma

Bronchitis^{[11, 12]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Bronchitis

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[3, 10]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cough^{[11, 12]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Cough

Headache^[11]Traditional · 1/10

Mild sedative for sleeplessness and to ease headache (traditional)

Evidence: 1

Label: Headache

Inflammation (general)^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Insomnia / sleeplessness^{[8, 9, 11]}Moderate · 6/10

Mild sedative for sleeplessness and to ease headache (traditional)

Evidence: 6

Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness

Respiratory support^{[6, 11, 12]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 6

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[5, 11, 12]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from demulcent action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Sore throat^[11]Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Sore throat

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^[11]Caution

CRITICAL: do not put non-sterile, homemade eyebright preparations directly into the eye - this risks serious eye infection. Use only commercially prepared sterile products in the eye, or apply a strained, cooled infusion as a compress over closed eyelids.

Safety note^[11]Caution

Traditional use only; persistent eye symptoms, pain, discharge or vision change need assessment by an eye-care professional. Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established.

Safety note^{[11, 13]}Caution

Generally well tolerated as flower/leaf preparations. It contains salicylates, so use caution if you are salicylate-sensitive; the root in large doses is emetic and purgative.

Safety note^[13]Caution

Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established, so avoid medicinal doses.

External Ids

Gbif: 8106874

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:802732-1

Wikidata: Q17813184

Gbif: 5331181

Wikidata: Q108684

Botanical Description

Small, semi-parasitic annual herb (drawing some nutrients from the roots of neighbouring grasses) with tiny, opposite, toothed leaves and delicate, two-lipped white to pale lilac flowers marked with purple veins and a yellow throat spot, giving a bright, eye-like appearance that inspired both its common and Latin names.^[11]

Height: 5-20 cm

Habit: Small, semi-parasitic annual herb

Leaves: Tiny, opposite, toothed

Flowers: Small, two-lipped, white to pale lilac, purple-veined with a yellow throat spot

Stem: Slender, often branched, hairy

Root: Slender root system that taps into neighbouring grass roots (hemiparasitic)

Fruit: Small, flattened, hairy capsule

Flowering Period: June-September

Low, spreading perennial herb with heart-shaped, softly toothed leaves arising from a short rootstock, spreading by runners (stolons). Fragrant, deep violet-purple (occasionally white) flowers with five petals, the lower petal spurred, are borne singly on slender stalks.^[11]

Height: 5-15 cm

Habit: Low, spreading perennial herb, spreading by runners

Leaves: Heart-shaped, softly toothed

Flowers: Fragrant, deep violet-purple (occasionally white), five-petalled, the lower petal spurred, borne singly

Stem: Very short; leaves and flowers arise from a basal rootstock, spreading by stolons

Root: Short rootstock with spreading runners

Fruit: Small three-valved capsule

Flowering Period: February-April (with a lighter second flush in autumn)

Habitat

Grows in short, unimproved grassland, pastures, meadows and dunes on well-drained soils, always in association with grasses on which it partially parasitises; native to Europe.^[11]

Grows in woodland edges, hedgerows, shaded banks and gardens on moist, humus-rich soils; native to Europe, North Africa and Asia and widely naturalised and cultivated elsewhere.^[11]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts are cut in summer while in flower and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place.^[11]

Parts: Aerial parts (flowering herb)

Season: Summer, at flowering

Flowers are picked as they open in early spring; leaves can be gathered through the growing season and dried.^[11]

Parts: Flower and leaf (aerial parts)

Season: Flower in early spring; leaf through the growing season

Traditional Uses

Eyebright has a centuries-old European folk reputation, reflected in its common name, as a soothing remedy for irritated, red or watery eyes and conjunctivitis, traditionally applied as a cooled compress or eyewash, and taken internally as an astringent for catarrh and mild digestive upset.^{[11, 12]}

Sweet violet flower and leaf have a long European folk history as a soothing demulcent and expectorant remedy for cough, bronchitis and catarrh, and as a mild sedative for sleeplessness and headache; the flower syrup in particular has a long tradition as a children's cough remedy.^[11]

Preparations

Cooled compress/eyewash^[11]

Strained, cooled infusion applied as a compress over closed eyelids, or used (only when sterile, commercially prepared) as an eyewash for irritated or red eyes.

Sterile eye drops^[13]

Commercially prepared, sterile Euphrasia eye drops used for conjunctivitis; a prospective clinical cohort found improvement in most users.

Syrup (flower)^[12]

Fresh flowers infused and combined with sugar syrup as a traditional soothing cough remedy, particularly for children.

Infusion^[11]

Dried flower or leaf infused in hot water as a traditional demulcent, calming tea.

Dosage

Compress/eyewash^[14]

No dose is given here because no official posology exists. The HMPC assessed eyebright and DECLINED to establish a herbal monograph, concluding that the efficacy of the claimed uses is undocumented and that external eye application of ex tempore (home-prepared) preparations is 'not hygienic and not safe', so therapeutic use cannot be recommended. Traditional sources describe a strained, cooled infusion used as a compress, but that is precisely the practice the HMPC advised against; nothing home-prepared should be put in or on the eye. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion/syrup^[8]

A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial used 5 mL of Viola odorata syrup every 12 hours for 4 weeks as add-on therapy for insomnia. Traditional references suggest around 2-4 g of dried flower and leaf per cup, up to three times daily. Note the EU monograph on Violae herba cum flore covers Viola tricolor, a different species, and its posology does not transfer here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0812, REF-0813, REF-0814, REF-2173, REF-2174, REF-2175, REF-2176, REF-2177, REF-2178, REF-2581

REF-1143, REF-1144, REF-1145, REF-1146, REF-1147, REF-1148, REF-1149, REF-1150, REF-1151, REF-1152

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^{[14, 15]}Caution

Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants

Mechanism: Sweet violet is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note^[16]Irritant

Dangerous Plant: ficaria-verna

Confused Part: Low, heart-shaped spring leaves gathered as an edible; lesser celandine forms similar low leaves at the same time and place.

Confusion Context: Sweet violet (Viola odorata) is foraged in early spring for its heart-shaped leaves and flowers. Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna, fig buttercup) grows in the same season and habitat and, as foraging guidance warns, its low-growing leaves closely resemble violet; lesser celandine is toxic to humans in most stages (it contains the acrid irritant protoanemonin). Because their spring leaves are alike, this is a genuine early-season foraging hazard, although cooking destroys the toxin and the acrid taste discourages eating much.

Distinguishing Features: Flowers (decisive): sweet violet has purple (sometimes white) flowers with five uneven petals. Lesser celandine has glossy, bright-yellow star-like flowers with 8-12 petals. A yellow many-petalled flower means lesser celandine, never violet., Leaves: violet leaves are matt and heart-shaped on their own stalks from the base. Lesser celandine leaves are glossier and more kidney- to arrow-shaped, sometimes with pale mottling., Best practice: harvest violet leaves only once you can trace every leaf to a violet plant (ideally in flower), not to a yellow-flowered plant.

Key Test: Wait until the plant flowers, or trace each leaf to its flower. Purple five-petalled flowers with matt heart-shaped leaves = sweet violet. Glossy yellow flowers with 8-12 petals = lesser celandine - do not eat it raw. If you cannot confirm a violet flower, do not gather the leaves.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

Novy, P., Davidova, H., Serrano-Rojero, C.S., Rondevaldova, J. et al (2015) 'Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne Essential Oil', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, pp. 734101. doi:10.1155/2015/734101 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/734101
D'Ambrosio, M., Ciocarlan, A. and Aricu, A (2020) 'Minor acetylated metabolites from Euphrasia rostkoviana', Natural Product Research, 34(2), pp. 290-295. doi:10.1080/14786419.2018.1530227 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1530227
Ververis, A., Kyriakou, S., Paraskeva, H., Panayiotidis, M.I. et al (2024) 'Chemical Characterization and Assessment of the Neuroprotective Potential of Euphrasia officinalis', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(23), pp. 12902. doi:10.3390/ijms252312902 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312902
Meier-Girard, D., Gerstenberg, G., Stoffel, L., Kohler, T., Klein, S.D., Eschenmoser, M., Mitter, V.R., Nelle, M. and Wolf, U (2020) 'Euphrasia eye drops in preterm neonates with ocular discharge: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial', Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, pp. 449. doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00449 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00449
Liu, Y., Hwang, E., Ngo, H.T.T., Perumalsamy, H., Kim, Y.J., Li, L. and Yi, T.H (2018) 'Protective effects of Euphrasia officinalis extract against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in normal human dermal fibroblasts', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(11), pp. 3327. doi:10.3390/ijms19113327 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113327
Porchezhian, E., Ansari, S.H. and Shreedharan, N.K (2000) 'Antihyperglycemic activity of Euphrasia officinale leaves', Fitoterapia, 71(5), pp. 522-526. doi:10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00204-5 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00204-5
Sticher, O. and Salama, O (1981) 'Iridoid glucosides from Euphrasia rostkoviana', Planta Medica, 42(6), pp. 122-123. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971584 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971584
Lorenz, P., Knittel, D.N., Conrad, J., Lotter, E.M., Heilmann, J., Stintzing, F.C. and Kammerer, D.R (2016) '1-Acetyl-3-[(3R)-hydroxyfatty acyl]glycerols: lipid compounds from Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne and E. tetraquetra (Breb.) Arrond', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 13(5), pp. 602-612. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201500233 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201500233
Gawenda-Kempczynska, D., Olech, M., Balcerek, M., Nowak, R., Zaluski, T. and Zaluski, D (2022) 'Phenolic acids as chemotaxonomic markers able to differentiate the Euphrasia species', Phytochemistry, 203, pp. 113342. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113342 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113342
Benedec, D., Oniga, I., Hanganu, D., Vlase, A.M., Ielciu, I., Crisan, G., Fit, N., Niculae, M., Bab, T., Pall, E. and Vlase, L (2024) 'Revealing the Phenolic Composition and the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Two Euphrasia sp. Extracts', Plants, 13(13), pp. 1790. doi:10.3390/plants13131790 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131790
Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/eyebright/ Traditional / reference
https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/eyebright/
Paduch, R. and colleagues (2014) 'Assessment of Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis L.) Extract Activity in Relation to Human Corneal Cells Using In Vitro Tests'. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.8377 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.8377
Stoss, M., Michels, C., Peter, E., Beutke, R. and Gorter, R.W (2000) 'Prospective cohort trial of Euphrasia single-dose eye drops in conjunctivitis', Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 6(6), pp. 499--508. doi:10.1089/acm.2000.6.499 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2000.6.499
European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2010) 'Public statement on Euphrasia officinalis L. and Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne, herba'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-public-statement-euphrasia-officinalis-l-and-euphrasia-rostkoviana-hayne-herba_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-public-statement-euphrasia-officinalis-l-and-euphrasia-rostkoviana-hayne-herba_en.pdf

Feyzabadi, Z., Ghorbani, F., Vazani, Y. and Zarshenas, M.M (2017) 'A Critical Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology of Viola odorata L. and Related Multipotential Products in Traditional Persian Medicine', Phytotherapy Research, 31(11), pp. 1669-1675. doi:10.1002/ptr.5909 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5909
Heger, T., Zatloukal, M., Kubala, M., Strnad, M. and others (2022) 'Procyanidin C1 from Viola odorata L. inhibits Na,K-ATPase', Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp. 7011. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11086-y Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11086-y
Yousefnia, S., Naseri, D., Seyed Forootan, F., Tabatabaeian, M. and others (2020) 'Suppressive role of Viola odorata extract on malignant characters of mammosphere-derived breast cancer stem cells', Clinical & Translational Oncology, 22(9), pp. 1619-1634. doi:10.1007/s12094-020-02307-9 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02307-9
Tafazoli, V., Shahriari, M., Heydari, M., Nikbakht, H.A. and others (2020) 'The Effect of Viola odorata L. Oil for Fever in Children: A Randomized Triple-blinded Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial', Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 17(5), pp. 696-703. doi:10.2174/1570163816666190620142256 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163816666190620142256
Rahimi, V.B., Askari, V.R., Emami, S.A. and Tayarani-Najaran, Z (2017) 'Anti-melanogenic activity of Viola odorata different extracts on B16F10 murine melanoma cells', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(3), pp. 242-249. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2017.8350 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2017.8350
Adel Mehraban, M.S., Shirzad, M., Mohammad Taghizadeh Kashani, L., Ahmadian-Attari, M.M. and others (2022) 'Efficacy and safety of add-on Viola odorata L. in the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized double-blind controlled trial', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 304, pp. 116058. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.116058 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.116058
Saleem, U., Hira, S., Anwar, F., Shah, M.A. and others (2021) 'Pharmacological Screening of Viola odorata L. for Memory-Enhancing Effect via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 664832. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.664832 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.664832
Shayesteh, M., Vaez-Mahdavi, M.R., Shams, J., Kamalinejad, M. and others (2020) 'Effects of Viola odorata as an Add-On Therapy on Insomnia in Patients with Obsession or Depression: A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial', Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26(5), pp. 398-408. doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0254 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0254
Feyzabadi, Z., Jafari, F., Kamali, S.H., Ashayeri, H. and others (2014) 'Efficacy of Viola odorata in Treatment of Chronic Insomnia', Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(12), pp. e17511. doi:10.5812/ircmj.17511 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17511
Parsley, N.C., Kirkpatrick, C.L., Crittenden, C.M., Rad, J.G. and others (2018) 'PepSAVI-MS reveals anticancer and antifungal cycloviolacins in Viola odorata', Phytochemistry, 152, pp. 61-70. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.014 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.014
Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Violets (Viola odorata): Benefits, Safety, Uses'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/violets/ Traditional / reference
https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/violets/
Qasemzadeh, M.J., Sharifi, H., Hamedanian, M., Gharehbeglou, M., Heydari, M., Sardari, M., Akhlaghdoust, M. and Minae, M.B (2015) 'The Effect of Viola odorata Flower Syrup on the Cough of Children With Asthma: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial', Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 20(4), pp. 287--291. doi:10.1177/2156587215584862 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587215584862
RxList (n.d.) 'Sweet Violet: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions'. Available at: https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/sweet_violet.htm Traditional / reference
https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/sweet_violet.htm
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
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Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
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https://unrulygardening.com/foraging-violets/

Eyebright monograph Sweet Violet monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.