Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Couch Grass vs Field restharrow
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Couch Grass and Field restharrow: they share 5 indicated uses (kidney support, skin irritation, swelling / fluid retention, …); 1 pharmacological action in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Couch Grass | Field restharrow | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney support | n/a | 7/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Swelling / fluid retention | 1/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary support | 1/10 | 9/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Soothing, demulcent carbohydrates of the rhizome.
Antioxidant constituents.
Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.
alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.
Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).
A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.
Pharmacological Actions
Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.
Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).
Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).
Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).
Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).
Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
Supports mild fluid retention / swelling
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from anticancer action
Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.
Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.
inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use
inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action
inferred from antimicrobial action
Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.
inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Drink plenty of fluids during use. Irrigation therapy must NOT be used if there is oedema (swelling) due to impaired heart or kidney function.
Traditional use only; if urinary symptoms persist or are accompanied by fever, spasms or blood in the urine, seek medical care. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended.
A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.
Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Persistent, mat-forming perennial grass spreading rapidly by long, tough, jointed, creeping white rhizomes just below the soil surface. The leaves are flat, narrow and grass-like, greyish-green, rough on the upper surface. Slender flowering spikes bear flattened spikelets typical of a wild grass.[7]
A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]
Habitat
A common and persistent weed of cultivated ground, gardens, roadsides and waste places worldwide; native to Europe and temperate Asia and widely naturalised elsewhere.[7]
Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]
Harvesting
The rhizome is dug up, most easily in spring or autumn, then washed free of soil, cut into pieces and dried; because the plant spreads aggressively, harvesting is also a practical means of garden control.[7]
The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]
Traditional Uses
Couch grass rhizome has a long European folk and official (EU herbal monograph) use as a soothing diuretic 'irrigation' remedy for minor urinary tract complaints, taken with plenty of fluids to increase urine flow and help flush the urinary tract.[7]
Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]
Preparations
Dried, chopped rhizome simmered in water as a traditional diuretic 'irrigation' preparation, taken with plenty of additional fluids.
The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.
The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.
A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.
Dosage
The EU herbal monograph describes traditional use of about 6-9 g dried rhizome daily as a decoction, taken with plenty of fluids; not to be used if oedema is due to impaired heart or kidney function. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Not documented
References
Lookalikes Review
Synonyms
Not documented
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Pairings
Not documented
Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]
Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]
Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]
References & Sources
- Zhakipbekov, K.S., Serikbayeva, E.A., Tleubayeva, M.I. et al (2026) 'Elymus repens (L.) Gould: Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Potential with Future Perspectives', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(11), pp. 4928. doi:10.3390/ijms27114928 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27114928 - Bortolami, M., Di Matteo, P., Rocco, D., Feroci, M. and Petrucci, R (2022) 'Metabolic Profile of Elymus repens (L.) P. Beauv. Rhizome Herbal Tea by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS Analysis', Molecules, 27(15), pp. 4962. doi:10.3390/molecules27154962 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154962 - Kasote, D.M., Jagtap, S.D., Thapa, D., Khyade, M.S. and Russell, W.R (2017) 'Herbal remedies for urinary stones used in India and China: A review', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203, pp. 55-68. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.038 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.038 - Grases, F., Ramis, M., Costa-Bauza, A. and March, J.G (1995) 'Effect of Herniaria hirsuta and Agropyron repens on calcium oxalate urolithiasis risk in rats', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 45(3), pp. 211-214. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(94)01218-o Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)01218-o - Spies, T., Praznik, W., Hofinger, A., Altmann, F., Nitsch, E. and Wutka, R (1992) 'The structure of the fructan sinistrin from Urginea maritima', Carbohydrate Research, 235, pp. 221-230. doi:10.1016/0008-6215(92)80090-n Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(92)80090-n - Lans, C., Turner, N., Khan, T. and Brauer, G (2007) 'Ethnoveterinary medicines used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in pigs and pets in British Columbia, Canada', Veterinary Parasitology, 148(3-4), pp. 325-340. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.014 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.014 - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2022) 'European Union herbal monograph on Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., rhizoma (Agropyri repentis rhizoma)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/agropyri-repentis-rhizoma Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/agropyri-repentis-rhizoma - ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy) (n.d.) 'Graminis Rhizoma (Couch Grass Rhizome) monograph', pp. com. Available at: https://www.escop.com/downloads/graminis/ Traditional / reference
https://www.escop.com/downloads/graminis/
- Gampe, N. and Darcsi, A. and Nagyne Nedves, A. and Boldizsar, I. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2019) 'Phytochemical analysis of Ononis arvensis L. by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry', Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 54(2), pp. 121-133. doi:10.1002/jms.4308 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4308 - Denes, T. and Bartha, S.G. and Kerenyi, M. and Varga, E. and Balazs, V.L. and Csepregi, R. and Papp, N (2017) 'Histological and antimicrobial study of Ononis arvensis L', Acta Biologica Hungarica, 68(3), pp. 321-333. doi:10.1556/018.68.2017.3.9 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1556/018.68.2017.3.9 - Gampe, N. and Nagy, E. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2021) 'Quantitative determination of isoflavonoids in Ononis species by UPLC-UV-DAD', Phytochemical Analysis, 32(4), pp. 474-481. doi:10.1002/pca.2995 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2995 - Gampe, N. and Szakacs, Z. and Darcsi, A. and Boldizsar, I. and Szoke, E. and Kuzovkina, I. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2021) 'Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ononis arvensis Hairy Root Cultures', Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, pp. 622585. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.622585 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.622585 - Pazdziora, W. and Grabowska, K. and Zagrodzki, P. and Pasko, P. and Prochownik, E. and Podolak, I. and Galanty, A (2025) 'Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Ononis Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells', Molecules, 30(11), pp. 2379. doi:10.3390/molecules30112379 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379 - Spilkova, J. and Bednar, P. and Stroblikova, R (2001) 'Capillary electrophoretic analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids from Ononis arvensis L', Die Pharmazie, 56(5), pp. 424-425. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Capillary%20electrophoretic%20analysis%20of%20hydroxycinnamic%20acids%20from%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L. - Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1982) 'Pharmacognosy study of Ononis arvensis L. II. Flavonoids and onocerin in the drug', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 31(1), pp. 24-26. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pharmacognosy%20study%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20II.%20Flavonoids%20and%20onocerin%20in%20the%20drug - Rezacova, A. and Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1978) 'A pharmacognostic study of the species Ononis arvensis L', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 27(10), pp. 452-455. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20pharmacognostic%20study%20of%20the%20species%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L. - Felsberg, A.A. and Rosentsveig, P.E (1965) 'A comparative phytochemical study of the roots of Ononis arvensis L. and Ononis spinosa L', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(6), pp. 26-32. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20comparative%20phytochemical%20study%20of%20the%20roots%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L. - Sichinava, M.B. and Mchelidze, K.Z. and Churadze, M.V. and Alaniia, M.D. and Aneli, D.N (2014) 'Chemical composition and microstructural peculiarities of overground and underground vegetative organs of field restharrow (Ononis arvensis L.)', Georgian Medical News, (231), pp. 88-94. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chemical%20composition%20and%20microstructural%20peculiarities%20of%20overground%20and%20underground%20vegetative%20organs%20of%20field%20restharrow%20%28Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%29 - Dedio, I. and Kozlowski, J (1977) 'Comparative morphological and phytochemical studies of Ononis spinosa L. and Ononis arvensis L. I. Biometric and chromatographic studies of methanolic extracts', Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 34(1), pp. 97-102. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Comparative%20morphological%20and%20phytochemical%20studies%20of%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20I.%20Biometric%20and%20chromatographic%20studies%20of%20methanolic%20extracts - Felsberg, A.A. and Rozentsveig, P.E (1965) 'Photochemical examination of Ononis arvensis. I', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(3), pp. 25-27. Preclinical
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Efficacy%20of%20extract%20from%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.%20on%20ethanol-induced%20gastric%20mucosal%20injury%20in%20rats - Addotey, J.N. and Lengers, I. and Jose, J. and Gampe, N. and Beni, S. and Petereit, F. and Hensel, A (2018) 'Isoflavonoids with inhibiting effects on human hyaluronidase-1 and norneolignan clitorienolactone B from Ononis spinosa L. root extract', Fitoterapia, 130, pp. 169-174. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.013 Preclinical
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.