Plant Comparison

Coriander vs Ginger

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant ACorianderCoriandrum sativumApiaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BGingerZingiber officinaleZingiberaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Coriander and Ginger: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, indigestion, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

CorianderGinger
Constituents31
Pharmacological actions55
Indicated uses1012
Safety notes23
Cited sources2216
Indicated uses
Only Coriander
Infection (general)Metabolic supportWounds
Shared (7)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingIndigestionInflammation (general)Menstrual crampsMuscle spasmSkin irritation
Only Ginger
Back painCardiovascular / heart healthHeadachePain (general)Respiratory support
Pharmacological actions
Only Coriander
Antimicrobial
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantAntispasmodicDigestive aid
Only Ginger
Analgesic (pain relief)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionCorianderGingerVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger
Bloating1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger
Indigestion1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger
Inflammation (general)1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger
Menstrual cramps1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger
Muscle spasm1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger
Skin irritation1/1010/10Stronger for Ginger

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Essential oil (linalool)[4]

Seed essential oil dominated by linalool, giving the characteristic aroma and much of the antimicrobial and carminative activity.

Essential (volatile) oilLinalool
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds[4]

Antioxidant flavonoids and phenolics, notably quercetin derivatives, identified across leaf and seed extracts.

FlavonoidsPhenolic compounds
Phytosterols[4]

Contribute to the plant's cardiovascular and metabolic activity.

Phytosterols
Gingerols and shogaols[1, 2]

The pungent phenolic constituents of the rhizome (notably 6-gingerol, which dehydrates to 6-shogaol on drying) responsible for ginger's antiemetic and anti-inflammatory activity; a standardized regimen of 84 mg/day gingerols/shogaols was effective against chemotherapy-induced nausea.

Gingerols / shogaols

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antimicrobial[5, 9, 13, 14, 15]
Antioxidant[5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antispasmodic[13, 14, 15]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid[5, 13, 14, 15]
Analgesic (pain relief)[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
Anti-inflammatory[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12]
Antioxidant[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Antispasmodic[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Indigestion[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Metabolic support[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Metabolic support
Muscle spasm[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Skin irritation[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12]Strong · 10/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 10
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Back pain[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]Strong · 10/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 10
Label: Back pain
Bloating[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13]Strong · 10/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 10
Label: Bloating
Cardiovascular / heart health[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14]Strong · 10/10
Evidence: 10
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Headache[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]Strong · 10/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 10
Label: Headache
Indigestion[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13]Strong · 10/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 10
Label: Indigestion
Inflammation (general)[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12]Strong · 10/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 10
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]Strong · 10/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 10
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]Strong · 10/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 10
Label: Muscle spasm
Pain (general)[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]Strong · 10/10
Evidence: 10
Label: Pain (general)
Respiratory support[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]Strong · 10/10
Evidence: 10
Label: Respiratory support
Skin irritation[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12]Strong · 10/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 10
Label: Skin irritation

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[13, 14, 15]Caution

• Food use is generally safe for most people (leaf in salads, seed as spice) (Burdock & Carabin, 2009). • Allergy is the main “big warning.” Coriander can trigger reactions ranging from mild oral itching to more serious allergy in sensitive people, especially those with pollen allergies (e.g., birch/mugwort) or other Apiaceae spice allergies (Thermo Fisher/Phadia, n.d.; Berghea et al., 2025). • If you use supplements (capsules/powder) and you take diabetes medication, be cautious: coriander seed powder has shown blood-sugar improvements in a small human trial, so it may add to the effect of glucose-lowering meds (Zamany et al., 2025). • Essential oil is not the same as the spice. Coriander essential oil is highly concentrated and should not be taken internally in “DIY doses.” It can be irritating, and safety data are discussed mainly for food-flavouring levels—not self-prescribed medicinal dosing (Burdock & Carabin, 2009). • Pregnancy / breastfeeding: normal culinary amounts are generally considered fine; “medicinal-dose” supplements or essential oil are best avoided unless guided by a qualified professional because safety data at higher doses is limited (Burdock & Carabin, 2009).

Safety note[13, 14, 15, 16]Caution

Duke (2002) provides clinical evidence (score 2) for coriander's role as an aperitif (appetite stimulant) and digestive tonic, consistent with Commission E approval. It demonstrates antispasmodic, carminative, and antifungal activities at the experimental level. Dose: 1–3 g crushed fruits (seeds) three times daily, or equivalent preparations. Duke notes mild hypoglycemic activity and a potential antiimplantation effect in high doses — use with caution in women attempting pregnancy (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]Caution

Ginger is widely considered safe at culinary and conventional supplemental doses. At high doses (>5 g/day), ginger may cause heartburn, acid reflux, mouth irritation, and mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Ginger may modestly inhibit platelet aggregation and enhance the effects of anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) — clinical significance at dietary amounts is low, but caution is warranted with high-dose supplementation alongside blood-thinning medications (Shalansky et al., 2007). May lower blood sugar — monitor closely if combining with antidiabetic medications.

Safety note[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]Caution

Pregnancy: Ginger is among the most studied herbal remedies for pregnancy nausea. At doses up to 1 g/day, it is generally considered safe and effective for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), based on multiple RCTs. The EMA monograph supports its use for NVP. Avoid doses >1.5 g/day during pregnancy due to theoretical concern about anticoagulant activity. Breastfeeding: generally considered safe at food amounts; limited data for medicinal doses (European Medicines Agency, 2012a).

Safety note[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15]Caution

Duke (2002) rates ginger as a triple-plus herb (+++) with strong clinical support (score 3) for antiemetic activity, including motion sickness, morning sickness, and postoperative nausea, and score 2 evidence for dyspepsia, diarrhea, and inflammation. Typical doses are 2-4 g dry rhizome per day or 500-1000 mg fresh root three times daily; Commission E approves ginger for dyspepsia and motion sickness. Ginger has antiplatelet properties and should be used with caution alongside anticoagulant medications (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 3034871
Wikidata: Q41611
Gbif: 2757280
Wikidata: Q35625

Botanical Description

Slender annual herb with delicate, broad, lobed lower leaves and finely divided, feathery upper leaves - a marked contrast within the same plant. Small white or pale pink flowers are borne in flat compound umbels, followed by round, ridged, aromatic seeds. The fresh leaf ('cilantro') has a distinctive citrusy aroma, often described as soapy by those with a genetic sensitivity to it.[4]

Height: 30-70 cm
Habit: Slender, erect annual herb
Leaves: Lower leaves broad and lobed; upper leaves finely divided and feathery
Flowers: Small white or pale pink flowers in flat compound umbels
Stem: Slender, erect, branching, hollow
Root: Slender taproot
Fruit: Round, ridged, aromatic seed (mericarp)
Flowering Period: June-August

Rhizomatous perennial herb with narrow, lance-shaped leaves arising in two ranks from slender, reed-like pseudostems. Pale yellow-green flowers with purple markings are borne in a dense, cone-like spike on a separate short stalk arising directly from the rhizome, though ginger rarely flowers in cultivation. The branching, knobbly rhizome has a pale yellow interior and a characteristic pungent, spicy aroma.[1]

Height: 0.5-1 m
Habit: Rhizomatous perennial herb
Leaves: Narrow, lance-shaped, arising in two ranks from reed-like pseudostems
Flowers: Pale yellow-green with purple markings, in a dense cone-like spike; rarely produced in cultivation
Stem: Slender, reed-like pseudostem formed by overlapping leaf bases
Root: Branching, knobbly rhizome with a pale yellow interior (the medicinal part), plus fibrous roots
Fruit: Rarely sets seed in cultivation; propagated by rhizome division
Flowering Period: Rarely flowers in cultivation

Habitat

Believed native to the Mediterranean region and Western Asia; cultivated worldwide as a culinary herb and spice crop on well-drained, sunny sites.[4]

Believed native to tropical Southeast Asia; cultivated extensively throughout the tropics and subtropics (India, China, Nigeria, the Caribbean) in warm, humid conditions on well-drained, fertile soil.

Harvesting

Leaves are picked fresh through the growing season, before the plant bolts (flowers), when the flavour is best; the seed is harvested in late summer once the umbels have browned and dried, then threshed; the root can be dug at the same time as young leaves.

Parts: Leaf, Root, Seed, Stem
Season: Leaf before flowering; seed in late summer

The rhizome is dug 8-10 months after planting, once the leaves have died back, for mature ('old') ginger with the fullest pungency, or earlier for milder young ('green') ginger; cleaned and used fresh or dried and ground.

Parts: Rhizome, Root
Season: 8-10 months after planting for mature rhizome; earlier for young ginger

Traditional Uses

Coriander seed and leaf have a very long culinary and medicinal history across the Mediterranean, Middle East and Asia as a digestive carminative for indigestion, bloating and cramping, and, more recently, studied for calming/anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system alongside cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.[1, 4]

Ginger rhizome has one of the longest and most widespread medicinal histories of any spice, used across Chinese, Ayurvedic and Western herbal traditions as a warming digestive carminative, an antiemetic for nausea and motion sickness, and an anti-inflammatory remedy for joint pain; this traditional reputation is now supported by an extensive clinical evidence base, particularly for nausea (including pregnancy and chemotherapy-related) and osteoarthritis.[1]

Preparations

Standardised extract[1]

Seed powder or extract studied for glycaemic and psychiatric-symptom support in clinical and preclinical work.

Standardised extract/powder[1]

Dried rhizome powder or standardised extract, taken as capsules for nausea or joint-pain studies.

References

REF-0779, REF-0780, REF-0781, REF-1700, REF-1701, REF-1702, REF-1703, REF-1704, REF-1705, REF-1706, REF-1707, REF-1708

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[17, 18, 19]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: conium-maculatum
Confused Part: Young, finely divided fern-like leaves resembling cilantro foliage, and volunteer seedlings appearing among planted coriander.
Confusion Context: Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is the classic fatal mimic of edible parsley-family plants. King County (Washington) states it can be confused with many edible members of the parsley family, and coriander/cilantro is one such flat-leaved edible; a poison-hemlock seedling volunteering among planted coriander is a realistic garden hazard. Conium contains coniine and kills by ascending paralysis and respiratory failure - a few leaves or seeds can be fatal. Coriander-specific case reports are sparse (most documented hemlock poisonings involve other Apiaceae), so the value of this record is the rock-solid tests below rather than a claim that this exact swap is common.
Distinguishing Features: SMELL (decisive): crushed coriander smells strongly and pleasantly of cilantro (citrusy, to some soapy). Poison hemlock smells rank, musty and mouse-like, with no cilantro note., Stem: poison hemlock has a hairless, hollow stem conspicuously blotched and streaked with red-purple, especially near the base. Coriander stems are plain green and never carry purple blotches., Stature/leaf: poison hemlock is a tall (often 1.5-2.5 m) branching biennial with large, glossy, highly divided fern-like leaves; cultivated coriander is a small low herb. A large fern-leaved umbellifer with a purple-blotched stem is not coriander.
Key Test: Crush a leaf and smell it, and look at the stem. A pleasant citrusy cilantro scent with a plain green stem = coriander. A musty/mousy smell and/or a hairless stem with red-purple blotches = poison hemlock - do not eat. If either warning sign is present, discard it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Safety note[20, 21, 22]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: aethusa-cynapium
Confused Part: Young flat, divided leaves resembling those of flat-leaf parsley and coriander/cilantro, and the whole leafy plant before or at flowering.
Confusion Context: Aethusa cynapium is named 'fool's parsley' precisely because it is the classic toxic mimic of flat-leaved culinary parsley-family herbs - parsley, and by close leaf-resemblance coriander/cilantro. It contains toxic polyacetylenes; ingestion has caused inflammation of the mouth and throat, abdominal pain and nervous-system effects, and poisonings have arisen from eating it in mistake for parsley. It is generally serious rather than fatal at typical exposures.
Distinguishing Features: BRACTEOLE 'beard' (in flower): fool's parsley bears 3-4 long, narrow, downward-hanging strongly reflexed bracteoles on the outer side of each secondary umbel - a distinctive drooping beard. Coriander umbels have no such drooping bracteoles., Smell when crushed: coriander smells strongly and pleasantly of cilantro; fool's parsley smells foul, acrid and mouse-like ('mousey')., Leaves/flowers: fool's parsley is hairless with darker, glossier finely dissected leaves and white flowers, and lacks the fresh cilantro scent.
Key Test: Crush a leaf and smell it: a strong cilantro scent = coriander (safe); a foul, acrid, mouse-like smell = fool's parsley. If in flower, confirm by the 3-4 long drooping reflexed bracteoles (the 'beard') under the secondary umbels, which coriander never has.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

Dosage

Not documented

Standardised extract/powder[1]

Clinical trials for nausea commonly use around 1-1.5 g of dried rhizome powder daily, in divided doses (up to 1 g/day in pregnancy); osteoarthritis studies commonly use similar or somewhat higher doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note[16]Caution
Drug Class: anticoagulants-antiplatelets
Mechanism: Ginger has mild antiplatelet activity; a controlled trial found no significant change in warfarin levels or INR at normal doses, but caution and monitoring are advised when combined with blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

  1. Santibáñez, A., Jiménez-Ferrer, E., Angulo-Bejarano, P.I., Sharma, A. and Herrera-Ruiz, M (2023) 'Coriandrum sativum and Its Utility in Psychiatric Disorders', Molecules, 28(14), pp. 5314. doi:10.3390/molecules28145314 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145314
  2. Wei, J.N., Liu, Z.H., Zhao, Y.P., Zhao, L.L. et al (2019) 'Phytochemical and bioactive profile of Coriandrum sativum L', Food Chemistry, 286, pp. 260-267. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.171 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.171
  3. Hosseini, M., Boskabady, M.H. and Khazdair, M.R (2021) 'Neuroprotective effects of Coriandrum sativum and its constituent, linalool: A review', Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 11(5), pp. 436-450. doi:10.22038/AJP.2021.55681.2786 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.22038/AJP.2021.55681.2786
  4. Mahleyuddin, N.N., Moshawih, S., Ming, L.C., Zulkifly, H.H., Kifli, N. and Loy, M.J (2021) 'Coriandrum sativum L.: A Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Cardiovascular Benefits', Molecules, 27(1), pp. 209. doi:10.3390/molecules27010209 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010209
  5. Prachayasittikul, V., Prachayasittikul, S., Ruchirawat, S. and Prachayasittikul, V (2017) 'Coriander (Coriandrum sativum): A promising functional food toward the well-being', Food Research International, 105, pp. 305-323. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.019 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.019
  6. Laribi, B., Kouki, K., M'Hamdi, M. and Bettaieb, T (2015) 'Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and its bioactive constituents', Fitoterapia, 103, pp. 9-26. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.012 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.012
  7. Sahib, N.G., Anwar, F., Gilani, A.H., Hamid, A.A., Saari, N. and Alkharfy, K.M (2012) 'Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): a potential source of high-value components for functional foods and nutraceuticals - a review', Phytotherapy Research, 27(10), pp. 1439-1456. doi:10.1002/ptr.4897 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4897
  8. Scandar, S., Zadra, C. and Marcotullio, M.C (2023) 'Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Polyphenols and Their Nutraceutical Value against Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome', Molecules, 28(10), pp. 4187. doi:10.3390/molecules28104187 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104187
  9. Al-Khayri, J.M., Banadka, A., Nandhini, M., Nagella, P., Al-Mssallem, M.Q. and Alessa, F.M (2023) 'Coriandrum sativum Essential Oil: A review on Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activity', Molecules, 28(2), pp. 696. doi:10.3390/molecules28020696 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020696
  10. Kukner, A., Soyler, G., Toros, P., Dede, G., Mericli, F. and Isik, S (2020) 'Protective effect of Coriandrum sativum extract against inflammation and apoptosis in liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury', Folia Morphologica, 80(2), pp. 363-371. doi:10.5603/FM.a2020.0060 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2020.0060
  11. Liu, Q.F., Jeong, H., Lee, J.H., Hong, Y.K., Oh, Y. and Kim, Y.M (2016) 'Coriandrum sativum Suppresses Abeta42-Induced ROS Increases, Glial Cell Proliferation, and ERK Activation', American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 44(7), pp. 1325-1347. doi:10.1142/S0192415X16500749 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X16500749
  12. Koppula, S., Alluri, R. and Kopalli, S.R (2021) 'Coriandrum sativum attenuates microglia mediated neuroinflammation and MPTP-induced behavioral and oxidative changes in Parkinson's disease mouse model', EXCLI Journal, 20, pp. 835-850. doi:10.17179/excli2021-3668 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-3668
  13. Laribi, B., Kouki, K., M'Hamdi, M. and Bettaieb, T (2015) 'Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and its bioactive constituents', pp. 9--26. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Coriander%20%28Coriandrum%20sativum%20L.%29%20and%20its%20bioactive%20constituents
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
  15. World Health Organization (1999) 'WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WHO%20Monographs%20on%20Selected%20Medicinal%20Plants
  16. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  17. Dayan, A.D (2024) 'Death of Socrates: a likely case of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning', Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 62(1), pp. 56-60. doi:10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328
  18. King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
    https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock
  19. Grow Forage Cook Ferment 'Poison Hemlock: How to Identify and Potential Look-alikes'. Available at: https://www.growforagecookferment.com/poison-hemlock/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.growforagecookferment.com/poison-hemlock/
  20. Teuscher, E. and Greger, H. and Adrian, V (1990) 'Toxicity of Aethusa cynapium L. (fool's parsley)', Pharmazie, 45(7), pp. 537-8. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2236201/ Preclinical
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2236201/
  21. Minnesota Wildflowers (2024) 'Aethusa cynapium (Fool's Parsley)'. Available at: https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley Traditional / reference
    https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley
  22. Botanical Society of Scotland (2023) 'Plant of the Week: Fool's Parsley (Aethusa cynapium)'. Available at: https://botsoc.scot/2023/08/20/plant-of-the-week-21st-august-2023-fools-parsley-aethusa-cynapium/ Traditional / reference
    https://botsoc.scot/2023/08/20/plant-of-the-week-21st-august-2023-fools-parsley-aethusa-cynapium/
  1. Crichton, M., Marshall, S., Isenring, E., Lohning, A., McCarthy, A.L., Molassiotis, A. and others (2023) 'Effect of a Standardized Ginger Root Powder Regimen on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial', Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 124(3), pp. 313--330. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.003 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.003
  2. Mathieu, S., Soubrier, M., Peirs, C., Monfoulet, L.E., Boirie, Y. and Tournadre, A (2022) 'A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Osteoarthritis Symptoms', Nutrients, 14(8). doi:10.3390/nu14081607 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081607
  3. Ali, B.H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M.O. and Nemmar, A (2008) 'Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research', 46(2), pp. 409--420. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085
  4. European Medicines Agency (2012) 'European Union herbal monograph on Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma (Zingiberis rhizoma)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-zingiber-officinale-roscoe-rhizoma_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-zingiber-officinale-roscoe-rhizoma_en.pdf
  5. Huang, F.Y., Deng, T., Meng, L.X. and Ma, X.L (2019) 'Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 98(13). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015054 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015054
  6. Marx, W., McCarthy, A.L., Ried, K. et al (2017) 'Can ginger ameliorate chemotherapy-induced nausea? Protocol of a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial', pp. 65. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1571-z Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1571-z
  7. Mashhadi, N.S., Ghiasvand, R., Askari, G., Hariri, M., Darvishi, L. and Mofid, M.R (2013) 'Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: a review', pp. S36--S42. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3665023/ Traditional / reference
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3665023/
  8. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Zingiber officinale Roscoe'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:798372-1 Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:798372-1
  9. Shalansky, S., Lynd, L., Richardson, K., Ingaszewski, A. and Kerr, C (2007) 'Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine', 27(9), pp. 1237--1247. doi:10.1592/phco.27.9.1237 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.27.9.1237
  10. Viljoen, E., Visser, J., Koen, N. and Musekiwa, A (2014) 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting', 13(1), pp. 20. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-20 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-20
  11. Xu, Y., Yang, Q. and Wang, X (2020) 'Efficacy of herbal medicine (cinnamon/fennel/ginger) for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Journal of International Medical Research, 48(6). doi:10.1177/0300060520936179 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520936179
  12. Zhang, Y., Gui, Y., Adams, R., Farragher, J., Itsiopoulos, C., Bow, K. and others (2025) 'Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis', Nutrients, 17(15). doi:10.3390/nu17152547 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152547
  13. Hu, Y., Amoah, A.N., Zhang, H., Fu, R., Qiu, Y., Cao, Y. and others (2020) 'Effect of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting compared with vitamin B6 and placebo during pregnancy: a meta-analysis', Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 35(1), pp. 187--196. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1712714 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1712714
  14. Huang, F.Y., Deng, T., Meng, L.X. and Ma, X.L (2019) 'Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Medicine (Baltimore), 98(13). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015054 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015054
  15. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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  16. Jiang, X., Williams, K.M., Liauw, W.S., Ammit, A.J., Roufogalis, B.D., Duke, C.C., Day, R.O. and McLachlan, A.J (2005) 'Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 59(4), pp. 425-432. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.