Plant Comparison

Mugwort vs Blessed Thistle

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
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Plant AMugwortArtemisia vulgarisAsteraceaeFull monograph →
Plant BBlessed ThistleCnicus benedictusAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Mugwort and Blessed Thistle: both belong to the Asteraceae family; they share 8 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, cancer (anticancer research), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

MugwortBlessed Thistle
Constituents33
Pharmacological actions77
Indicated uses1110
Safety notes23
Cited sources2112
Indicated uses
Only Mugwort
Insomnia / sleeplessnessMenstrual crampsMuscle spasm
Shared (8)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingCancer (anticancer research)IndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Blessed Thistle
Loss of appetiteLactation support
Pharmacological actions
Only Mugwort
AntioxidantAntispasmodicSedative / sleep support
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialDigestive aid
Only Blessed Thistle
Appetite stimulantBitter digestive tonic / stomachicGalactagogue (supports lactation)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionMugwortBlessed ThistleVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/101/10Comparable evidence
Bloating1/101/10Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Indigestion1/101/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)1/101/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/101/10Comparable evidence
Wounds1/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids[1]

Multiple undescribed and known sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids isolated from the leaves, several with anti-inflammatory activity.

SesquiterpenesTerpenes / terpenoids
Essential oil (thujone, cineole, camphor)[3]

Volatile oil containing thujone and other monoterpenes; thujone content is the basis of the caution on prolonged internal use.

Essential (volatile) oil1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol)CamphorTerpenes / terpenoids
Flavonoids and coumarins[3]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid and coumarin constituents.

FlavonoidsCoumarins
Sesquiterpene lactones (cnicin, arctigenin, arctiin)[4]

Cnicin is the principal bitter principle and main bioactive compound.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenesArctigenin / arctiin
Flavonoids, lignans and tannins[4]

Additional antioxidant and astringent constituents.

FlavonoidsLignansTannins
Volatile oil[4]

Aromatic constituents of the herb.

Essential (volatile) oil

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15, 16]
Anticancer (preclinical)[3, 10, 11, 12]

Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) extracts inhibit BCR/ABL and induce apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia and breast cancer cells (preclinical).

Antimicrobial[3, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16]
Antioxidant[14, 15, 16]
Antispasmodic[14, 15, 16]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid[4, 14, 15, 16]
Sedative / sleep support[14, 15, 16]
Anti-inflammatory[1, 4, 7]

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory (attributed to cnicin)

Anticancer (preclinical)[5]
Antimicrobial[1, 4, 6]

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory (attributed to cnicin)

Appetite stimulant[4, 11]

Appetite stimulant for loss of appetite (approved use under German Commission E)

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic[4, 11]

Bitter digestive / stomachic for indigestion and dyspepsia (stimulates saliva and gastric secretion)

Digestive aid[4, 11]

Bitter digestive / stomachic for indigestion and dyspepsia (stimulates saliva and gastric secretion)

Galactagogue (supports lactation)[11, 12]

Galactagogue to support breast-milk supply (traditional; no valid clinical-trial evidence)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Cancer (anticancer research)[3, 10, 11, 12]Traditional · 2/10

Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) extracts inhibit BCR/ABL and induce apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells (including imatinib-resistant), and trigger tumour-selective ferroptosis/necroptosis in breast cancer and leukaemia cells via lysosomal Ca2+ signalling (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Indigestion[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Insomnia / sleeplessness[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 1
Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness
Menstrual cramps[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Skin irritation[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Loss of appetite[4, 11]Traditional · 1/10

Appetite stimulant for loss of appetite (approved use under German Commission E)

Evidence: 1
Label: Loss of appetite
Arthritis / joint pain[4]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[4, 11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Cancer (anticancer research)[5]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Indigestion[4, 11]Traditional · 1/10

Bitter digestive / stomachic for indigestion and dyspepsia (stimulates saliva and gastric secretion)

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[4]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[4]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Lactation support[11, 12]Traditional · 1/10

Galactagogue to support breast-milk supply (traditional; no valid clinical-trial evidence)

Evidence: 1
Label: Lactation support
Skin irritation[4]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[4]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[14, 15, 16]Caution

Contains thujone; avoid high doses or prolonged use. Contraindicated in pregnancy (uterine stimulant and abortifacient). May cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae family. Avoid in epilepsy. Not recommended for children.

Safety note[14, 15, 16, 17]Caution

Duke (2002) rates mugwort as + (use with caution) and notes abortifacient (score 1), emmenagogue, aperitif (score 1), and insecticide activities. Duke clearly flags mugwort as contraindicated in pregnancy due to well-documented abortifacient and uterotonic properties. Traditional use has been as a digestive bitter, and the plant contains volatile oils, sesquiterpene lactones, and flavonoids. Duke notes that the plant may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae and warns against long-term use due to potential neurotoxicity from thujone-containing essential oil (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[11]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae/ragweed), it can cause allergic reactions in sensitive people; high doses reportedly cause stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting.

Safety note[11]Caution

Avoid during pregnancy because of a traditional uterine-stimulating reputation.

Safety note[12]Info

Although traditionally used to support milk supply, there is no scientifically valid clinical evidence for the galactagogue use.

External Ids

Gbif: 3120946
Wikidata: Q26663
Gbif: 3127698
Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:61760-2
Wikidata: Q15548577

Botanical Description

Tall, aromatic perennial herb with deeply lobed, dark green leaves that are distinctively silvery-white and woolly beneath. Small, dull reddish-brown to yellowish flower heads are borne in dense, branched, leafy spikes. The reddish-brown, ridged stems and the leaf's contrasting silver underside are characteristic field marks.[3]

Height: 60-150 cm
Habit: Tall, erect, aromatic perennial herb
Leaves: Deeply lobed, dark green above, distinctively silvery-white woolly beneath
Flowers: Small, dull reddish-brown to yellowish flower heads in dense, branched, leafy spikes
Stem: Reddish-brown, ridged, often woody at the base
Root: Woody, spreading rhizome
Fruit: Small achene without pappus
Flowering Period: July-September

Branching annual herb with a hairy, reddish, ridged stem and spiny, deeply lobed leaves with prominent pale veins. The flower heads are pale yellow, thistle-like, surrounded by a whorl of spiny, leaf-like bracts, giving the plant its 'spotted thistle' appearance.[4]

Height: 20-60 cm
Habit: Branching, hairy annual herb
Leaves: Spiny, deeply lobed, with prominent pale veins
Flowers: Pale yellow, thistle-like flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts
Stem: Hairy, reddish, ridged, branching
Root: Shallow taproot
Fruit: Ribbed achene with a feathery pappus
Flowering Period: June-August

Habitat

A common plant of waste ground, roadsides, hedgerows and riverbanks; native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and widely naturalised in North America.[3]

Grows on dry, sunny waste ground, roadsides and rocky slopes; native to the Mediterranean region and Western Asia and naturalised elsewhere as a garden escape.[4]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaf and stem) are cut in summer as flowering begins and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place; the root can be dug in autumn.[3]

Parts: Leaf, Root, Stem
Season: Summer for aerial parts; autumn for root

The flowering aerial parts are cut as the plant comes into flower, in summer, and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the bitter principle cnicin.[4]

Parts: Aerial parts (flowering herb)
Season: Summer, at flowering

Traditional Uses

Mugwort is a widely used traditional bitter digestive tonic and calming nervine, and has a long reputation as an emmenagogue for menstrual complaints (reflected in its traditional use to bring on delayed menstruation, which is also why it is contraindicated in pregnancy). It has also been burned as 'moxa' in East Asian moxibustion and used as an insect repellent ('sailor's tobacco').[3]

Blessed thistle has a long European folk reputation as a bitter digestive tonic for loss of appetite and dyspepsia (an approved use under German Commission E) and, more anecdotally, as a traditional galactagogue to support breast-milk supply, though robust clinical evidence for the latter is lacking.[4, 11]

Preparations

Infusion[3]

Dried leaf and flowering tops infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and calming tea.

Moxa (external heat therapy)[3]

Dried, processed leaf ('moxa') burned near or on the skin over acupuncture points in traditional East Asian moxibustion.

Infusion[11]

Dried flowering herb infused briefly in hot water as a bitter digestive tea, taken before meals.

Dosage

Infusion[13]

Health Canada's NNHPD monograph gives 0.2-2.4 g of dried herb top, 3 times per day, for adults 18 years and older, with infusion and decoction among the accepted methods of preparation. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion[11]

Traditional herbal references suggest around 1-2 g of dried herb per cup, taken before meals, up to three times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0731, REF-0732, REF-0733, REF-1935, REF-1936, REF-1937, REF-1938, REF-1939, REF-1940, REF-1941, REF-1942, REF-1943
REF-0773, REF-0774, REF-0775, REF-0419, REF-1995, REF-1996, REF-1997, REF-1998, REF-1999, REF-2000

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note[18, 19]Caution
Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants
Mechanism: Mugwort is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[20, 21]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: aconitum-napellus
Confused Part: Young deeply lobed leaves gathered for use; young monkshood - the most poisonous plant in Europe - has similar deeply divided leaves.
Confusion Context: Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) is foraged for its aromatic, deeply lobed leaves. As Totally Wild UK warns, it would be a very deadly mistake to confuse young mugwort with monkshood (Aconitum napellus), whose young leaves are similarly deeply divided. Monkshood is considered the most poisonous plant in Europe: all parts contain aconitine, the lethal dose is only 2-6 mg, and poisoning can kill within hours through respiratory and cardiac failure - the toxin is even absorbed through the skin. Although monkshood is less common, its extreme toxicity makes this confusion critical to avoid.
Distinguishing Features: Leaf underside (decisive): mugwort leaves have a distinctive silvery-white woolly underside. Monkshood leaves are green and hairless on both sides, with no silver felt. No silver underside = not mugwort., Flowers: mugwort has small, dull reddish-brown flower spikes; monkshood has tall spikes of unmistakable hooded blue-purple flowers., Handling: do not handle a suspected monkshood with bare hands - aconitine can be absorbed through the skin.
Key Test: Turn the leaf over. A silvery-white woolly underside (with small dull flowers) = mugwort. Green, hairless undersides - and especially any hooded blue-purple flowers - mean monkshood, the most poisonous plant in Europe; do not gather or even handle it with bare hands.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

References & Sources

  1. Liu, T., Chen, X., Hu, Y., Li, M., Wu, Y. et al (2022) 'Sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects from Artemisia vulgaris L', Phytochemistry, 204, pp. 113428. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113428 Preclinical
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  2. Trinh, P.T.N., Truc, N.C., Danh, T.T., Trang, N.T.T., Le Hang, D.T. et al (2024) 'A study on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the Artemisia vulgaris L. extract and its fractions', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 334, pp. 118519. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118519 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2024.118519
  3. Abiri, R., Silva, A.L.M., de Mesquita, L.S.S., de Mesquita, J.W.C., Atabaki, N. et al (2018) 'Towards a better understanding of Artemisia vulgaris: Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological and biotechnological potential', Food Research International, 109, pp. 403-415. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.072 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.072
  4. Ekiert, H., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Slesak, H. and Szopa, A (2020) 'Significance of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Common Mugwort) in the History of Medicine and Its Possible Contemporary Applications Substantiated by Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies', Molecules, 25(19), pp. 4415. doi:10.3390/molecules25194415 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194415
  5. Soon, L., Ng, P.Q., Chellian, J., Madheswaran, T., Panneerselvam, J., Gupta, G., Nammi, S., Hansbro, N.G., Hsu, A., Dureja, H., Mehta, M., Satija, S., Hansbro, P.M., Collet, T. and Chellappan, D.K (2019) 'Therapeutic potential of Artemisia vulgaris: An insight into underlying immunological mechanisms', Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 38(3), pp. 205-216. doi:10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2019029397 Meta-analysis / review
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  6. Xiao, J., Liu, P., Hu, Y., Liu, T., Guo, Y., Sun, P., Zheng, J., Ren, Z. and Wang, Y (2023) 'Antiviral activities of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract against herpes simplex virus', Chinese Medicine, 18(1), pp. 21. doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00711-1 Preclinical
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  7. Singh, N.B., Devi, M.L., Biona, T., Sharma, N., Das, S., Chakravorty, J., Mukherjee, P.K. and Rajashekar, Y (2023) 'Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L', Molecules, 28(5), pp. 2279. doi:10.3390/molecules28052279 Preclinical
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  8. Judzentiene, A. and Budiene, J (2018) 'Chemical Polymorphism of Essential Oils of Artemisia vulgaris Growing Wild in Lithuania', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 15(2), pp. e1700257. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201700257 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700257
  9. Hanh, T.T.H., Vinh, L.B., Cuong, N.X. and Quang, T.H (2022) 'Two new eudesmane sesquiterpene glucosides from the aerial parts of Artemisia vulgaris', Natural Product Research, 37(9), pp. 1544-1549. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2025591 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2025591
  10. Zamarioli, L.D.S., Santos, M.R.M., Erustes, A.G., Meccatti, V.M., Pereira, T.C., Smaili, S.S., Marcucci, M.C., Oliveira, C.R., Pereira, G.J.S. and Bincoletto, C (2023) 'Artemisia vulgaris Induces Tumor-Selective Ferroptosis and Necroptosis via Lysosomal Ca2+ Signaling', Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 30(6), pp. 525-533. doi:10.1007/s11655-023-3712-2 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-023-3712-2
  11. Chi, H.T. and Ly, B.T.K (2022) 'Artemisia vulgaris inhibits BCR/ABL and promotes apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells', Biomedical Reports, 17(6), pp. 92. doi:10.3892/br.2022.1575 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1575
  12. Tiwari, R.K., Ahmad, A., Khan, A.F., Al-Keridis, L.A., Saeed, M., Alshammari, N., Alabdallah, N.M., Ansari, I.A. and Mujeeb, F (2023) 'Ethanolic Extract of Artemisia vulgaris Leaf Promotes Apoptotic Cell Death in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells through Inhibition of the Wnt Signaling Pathway', Metabolites, 13(4), pp. 480. doi:10.3390/metabo13040480 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040480
  13. Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (2026) 'Natural Health Product Monograph: Mugwort - Artemisia vulgaris'. Available at: https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_mugwort_english.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_mugwort_english.pdf
  14. Becker, H (1986) 'Botany of European Artemisia species', pp. 1--24. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Botany%20of%20European%20Artemisia%20species
  15. Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal
  16. Kung, H.J. and Ko, W.C (2002) 'Pharmacological studies of Artemisia vulgaris', 13(2), pp. 99--108. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pharmacological%20studies%20of%20Artemisia%20vulgaris
  17. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  18. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201
  19. Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003
  20. Totally Wild UK 'Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) Identification'. Available at: https://totallywilduk.co.uk/2021/04/13/identify-mugwort/ Traditional / reference
    https://totallywilduk.co.uk/2021/04/13/identify-mugwort/
  21. Stetzenbach, M. and Schnorbus, B. and Sagoschen, I. and Bleser, W. and Legner, D. and Sturer, A (2017) 'Acute Monkshood Intoxication Requiring Acute Resuscitation', Anasthesiologie Intensivmedizin Notfallmedizin Schmerztherapie, 52(9), pp. 641-644. doi:10.1055/s-0043-106283 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-106283
  1. Rezig, K., Benkaci-Ali, F., Foucaunier, M.L., Laurent, S. et al (2023) 'HPLC/ESI-MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cnicus benedictus L. Roots: A Study of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Alzheimer's Activity', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21(1), pp. e202300724. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300724 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300724
  2. Ahmadimoghaddam, D., Sadeghian, R., Ranjbar, A., Izadidastenaei, Z. and Mohammadi, S (2020) 'Antinociceptive activity of Cnicus benedictus L. leaf extract: a mechanistic evaluation', Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(5), pp. 463-472. doi:10.4103/1735-5362.297849 Preclinical
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  3. Zhang, J., Shen, S., Zhu, S., Jia, F. et al (2024) 'Cnicus benedictus extract-loaded electrospun gelatin wound dressing for treating diabetic wounds: An in vitro and in vivo study', Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, 22, pp. 22808000241245298. doi:10.1177/22808000241245298 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241245298
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    https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2401-6049
  5. Jalil, D.M., Al-Mahdawi, T.T., Jameel, M.G. and Talal, M (2024) 'In Vitro Evaluate the Antiproliferative Impact of Cnicus Benedictus L. Leaves Methanolic Extract on Cervical Cancer', Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 25(10), pp. 3643-3649. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.10.3643 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.10.3643
  6. Peng, Y., Jian, Y., Zulfiqar, A., Li, B., Zhang, K., Long, F., Peng, C., Cai, X., Khan, I.A. and Wang, W (2017) 'Two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from Cnicus benedictus', Natural Product Research, 31(19), pp. 2211-2217. doi:10.1080/14786419.2017.1295239 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1295239
  7. Paun, G., Neagu, E., Moroeanu, V., Albu, C., Savin, S. and Lucian Radu, G (2019) 'Chemical and Bioactivity Evaluation of Cnicus benedictus and Eryngium planum Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts', BioMed Research International, 2019, pp. 3692605. doi:10.1155/2019/3692605 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3692605
  8. Gobrecht, P., Gebel, J., Leibinger, M., Zeitler, C., Chen, Z., Grundemann, D. and Fischer, D (2024) 'Cnicin promotes functional nerve regeneration', Phytomedicine, 129, pp. 155641. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155641 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155641
  9. Avula, B., Katragunta, K., Wang, Y.H., Ali, Z. and Khan, I.A (2022) 'Simultaneous determination and characterization of flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactone, and other phenolics from Centaurea benedicta and dietary supplements using UHPLC-PDA-MS and LC-DAD-QToF', Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 216, pp. 114806. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114806 Preclinical
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  11. Drugs.com (n.d.) 'Blessed Thistle Uses, Benefits & Dosage'. Available at: https://www.drugs.com/npp/blessed-thistle.html Traditional / reference
    https://www.drugs.com/npp/blessed-thistle.html
  12. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) (2021) 'Blessed Thistle'. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501775/ Traditional / reference
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.