Plant Comparison

Andrographis vs Perforate St John’s-wort

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AAndrographisAndrographis paniculataAcanthaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BPerforate St John’s-wortHypericum perforatumHypericaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Andrographis and Perforate St John’s-wort: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cold & flu, infection (general), …); 2 pharmacological actions in common.

AndrographisPerforate St John’s-wort

Constituents33

Pharmacological actions66

Indicated uses109

Safety notes32

Cited sources1731

Indicated uses

Only Andrographis

Cancer (anticancer research)FeverImmune supportSore throat

Shared (6)

Arthritis / joint painCold & fluInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds

Only Perforate St John’s-wort

BruisingEczemaInsomnia / sleeplessness

Pharmacological actions

Only Andrographis

Anticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntipyretic (reduces fever)Immunomodulator / immune support

Shared (2)

Anti-inflammatoryAntiviral

Only Perforate St John’s-wort

AntioxidantEmollient / skin-soothingSedative / sleep supportVulnerary (wound healing)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Andrographis	Perforate St John’s-wort	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Cold & flu	8/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Infection (general)	8/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Inflammation (general)	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Skin irritation	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Wounds	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Diterpenoid lactones^{[2, 3, 10, 11]}

Andrographolide is the principal active compound; also neoandrographolide and deoxyandrographolide.

Flavonoids^[11]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents.

Flavonoids

Polyphenols and other phenolics^[11]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

Phenolic compounds

Naphthodianthrones (hypericin, pseudohypericin)^[4]

Red pigments historically used to standardise extracts; contribute to antiviral activity and are the compounds responsible for photosensitivity risk.

Phloroglucinols (hyperforin)^[4]

Considered the principal compound behind the antidepressant activity and the main driver of the herb's potent CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein induction and drug-interaction profile.

Hyperforin

Flavonoids (hyperoside, quercetin, rutin)^[4]

Antioxidant flavonoids contributing to overall activity.

FlavonoidsQuercetinRutin

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[2, 7, 9, 10, 11]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[14, 15, 16]}

Andrographolide, the principal diterpene lactone of Andrographis paniculata, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis across breast, lung, colon, cervical, hepatic and haematological cancers via NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt inhibition (preclinical).

Antimicrobial^{[1, 6, 8, 10, 11]}

Antimicrobial and antiviral

Antipyretic (reduces fever)^{[11, 17]}

Antipyretic (fever)

Antiviral^{[1, 5, 8, 10, 11]}

Antimicrobial and antiviral

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[10, 11]}

Immunostimulant / immune support

Anti-inflammatory^{[5, 15, 16]}

Antioxidant^{[6, 15, 16]}

Antiviral^{[15, 16]}

Emollient / skin-soothing^{[15, 16]}

Sedative / sleep support^{[1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[4, 15, 16]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[14, 15, 16]}Traditional · 2/10

Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) acts as a chemopreventive and antitumour agent against breast, lung, colorectal, cervical, prostate and hepatocellular cancers and leukaemia, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting NF-kappaB and PI3K/AKT signalling (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[10, 12, 17]}Good · 8/10

Symptomatic relief of the common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection (reduces symptom severity and duration)

Evidence: 8

Label: Cold & flu

Fever^{[11, 17]}Traditional · 2/10

Antipyretic (fever)

Evidence: 2

Label: Fever

Immune support^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

Immunostimulant / immune support

Evidence: 5

Label: Immune support

Infection (general)^{[10, 12, 17]}Good · 8/10

Symptomatic relief of the common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection (reduces symptom severity and duration)

Evidence: 8

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Skin irritation^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Sore throat^{[12, 17]}Good · 7/10

Evidence: 7

Label: Sore throat

Wounds^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bruising^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bruising

Cold & flu^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 1

Label: Cold & flu

Eczema^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from emollient action

Evidence: 1

Label: Eczema

Infection (general)^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Insomnia / sleeplessness^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 1

Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness

Skin irritation^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[10, 17]}Caution

Avoid in pregnancy and when trying to conceive: high doses have shown reproductive toxicity in animals and the herb has a traditional reputation as an abortifacient.

Safety note^[10]Caution

High doses have caused nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in studies; use standardized products at recommended doses and avoid prolonged high-dose use.

Safety note^{[10, 17]}Caution

May lower blood pressure and blood sugar and may interact with anticoagulant/antiplatelet, antihypertensive and immunosuppressant medicines; allergic reactions can occur.

Safety note^{[15, 16]}Caution

Significant drug interactions: strongly induces CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, reducing plasma levels of many drugs including oral contraceptives, antiretrovirals, cyclosporine, warfarin, and digoxin. May cause photosensitivity (fair-skinned individuals). Do not combine with SSRIs, SNRIs, or MAOIs (serotonin syndrome risk). Avoid in bipolar disorder.

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates St. John's wort as ++ (raised from earlier editions) and notes antidepressant, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound-healing activities at experimental and clinical levels. Hypericin and hyperforin are identified as key active constituents. Clinical evidence (score 2) confirms antidepressant efficacy in mild-to-moderate depression, and WHO/Commission E provide approval for this indication. Dose: 300 mg standardized extract (0.3% hypericin, 3–5% hyperforin) three times daily. Duke emphasizes the critical drug interaction: St. John's wort is a potent CYP3A4 inducer and can significantly reduce blood levels of many medications including oral contraceptives, cyclosporine, antiretrovirals, and warfarin. Avoid combined use with SSRIs (serotonin syndrome risk) and pharmaceutical antidepressants (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 3173178

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:45226-1

Wikidata: Q1551608

Gbif: 3189486

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:433719-1

Wikidata: Q158289

Botanical Description

Erect, branching annual herb with a slender, quadrangular (square-sectioned), dark green stem. The leaves are opposite, lance-shaped and glabrous, with a short stalk. Small, two-lipped, white flowers with purple-pink markings are borne in loose, spreading axillary and terminal racemes. The whole plant, and especially the leaves, is intensely and characteristically bitter.^[11]

Height: 30-110 cm

Habit: Erect, branching annual herb

Leaves: Opposite, lance-shaped, glabrous, short-stalked

Flowers: Small, two-lipped, white flowers marked with purple-pink, in loose spreading racemes

Stem: Slender, quadrangular (square in cross-section), dark green, branching

Root: Shallow, fibrous root system

Fruit: Small, elastically dehiscent capsule

Flowering Period: September-December (varies by climate)

Erect, branching perennial herb with paired, oval leaves dotted with tiny translucent oil glands that look like pinpricks when held to the light (giving the species name 'perforatum'). Bright yellow, five-petalled flowers with numerous stamens and black dots along the petal edges are borne in flat-topped clusters, and release a reddish pigment when crushed.^[4]

Height: 30-90 cm

Habit: Erect, branching perennial herb

Leaves: Paired, oval, dotted with tiny translucent oil glands

Flowers: Bright yellow, five-petalled, with numerous stamens and black-dotted petal edges, in flat-topped clusters

Stem: Erect, branching, with two raised longitudinal ridges

Root: Woody rootstock with spreading rhizomes

Fruit: Small, three-valved capsule

Flowering Period: June-September (traditionally around St John's Day, 24 June)

Habitat

Native to India and Sri Lanka and widely distributed through South and Southeast Asia, growing wild in plains, hillsides, roadsides and cultivated fields; also grown commercially as a medicinal crop.^[11]

Grows in grassland, roadsides, woodland clearings and waste ground on well-drained soils; native to Europe, Western Asia and North Africa and widely naturalised elsewhere, including North America and Australia.^[4]

Harvesting

The aerial parts (leaves and tender stems) are cut just before or at the onset of flowering, when andrographolide content is typically highest, and dried in shade to preserve the bitter diterpenoid lactones.^[11]

Parts: Aerial parts (leaves and herb)

Season: Before to early flowering

The flowering tops (flower and upper leaf) are cut in summer as the flowers open, around the traditional St John's Day period, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve the hypericin and hyperforin content.^[4]

Parts: Flower, Leaf

Season: Summer, at flowering

Traditional Uses

Andrographis, the 'king of bitters', is a cornerstone bitter tonic of Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine (Chuan xin lian), used for fevers, colds, sore throat, infections and liver complaints. This traditional reputation for treating the common cold and upper respiratory infections is now supported by clinical trials of standardised extracts.^{[10, 12]}

St John's wort has a centuries-long European folk reputation as a wound-healing and nerve tonic herb, traditionally used for mild wounds, burns and nerve pain and to lift low mood; this traditional mood-supporting use is now one of the most extensively clinically studied applications of any herbal medicine, with standardised extracts shown comparable to conventional antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression.^{[1, 4]}

Preparations

Infusion/decoction^[11]

Dried aerial parts infused or lightly decocted in hot water as a very bitter traditional fever and cold remedy.

Standardised extract^{[10, 12]}

Extract standardised to andrographolide content, taken as tablets or capsules; the form used in most clinical trials for cold/URTI symptom relief.

Standardised extract^[1]

Flowering-top extract standardised to hypericin and/or hyperforin content, taken as tablets or capsules; the best-studied clinical form for mood support.

Dosage

Standardised extract^{[10, 12]}

Clinical trials for upper respiratory infection commonly use extracts standardised to around 60-120 mg andrographolide daily, in divided doses, for up to 5-7 days. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Dried herb^[13]

The WHO monograph on Herba Andrographidis gives, by indication - for the common cold, 1.5-3.0 g of the powdered crude drug three times daily, after meals and at bedtime; for pyrexia, a decoction from 3 g of the crude drug twice daily; for diarrhoea, a decoction from 3-9 g as a single dose as needed, or two 500 mg tablets four times daily. Note that the EMA HMPC assessed this herb and issued a public statement rather than a monograph, so there is no EU posology. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Standardised extract^[1]

Clinical trials for mild-to-moderate depression commonly use around 300 mg of standardised extract three times daily (900 mg/day total); given extensive drug interactions, use should be discussed with a healthcare provider, especially alongside other medicines. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-1615, REF-1616, REF-1617, REF-1618, REF-1619, REF-1620, REF-1621, REF-1622, REF-1623

REF-0842, REF-0843, REF-0844, REF-1789, REF-1790, REF-1791, REF-1792, REF-1793, REF-1794, REF-1795, REF-1796, REF-1797, REF-1798, REF-1799

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^{[18, 19, 20, 21]}Avoid

Drug Class: antidepressants-serotonergic

Mechanism: St John's wort raises serotonin activity; combined with SSRIs, SNRIs or MAOIs it can trigger serotonin syndrome (agitation, tremor, sweating, rapid heartbeat). Reviews of clinical reports document serotonin syndrome and lethargy when it is combined with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 19, 22]}Avoid

Drug Class: antiretrovirals

Mechanism: Potent CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein induction lowers antiretroviral levels (indinavir exposure fell ~57%), risking loss of viral control and drug resistance.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 19, 23]}Avoid

Drug Class: immunosuppressants

Mechanism: Enzyme and transporter induction reduces ciclosporin and tacrolimus levels; reported to cause subtherapeutic concentrations and transplant rejection.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 24, 25, 26]}Avoid

Drug Class: hormonal-therapies

Mechanism: Increased metabolism of ethinylestradiol and progestins reduces contraceptive exposure, causing breakthrough bleeding, ovulation and unplanned pregnancy. Randomised and controlled trials in women confirmed more breakthrough bleeding, reduced progestin levels and evidence of ovulation when St John's wort was added to the pill.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 19, 21]}Caution

Drug Class: anticoagulants-antiplatelets

Mechanism: CYP induction increases warfarin clearance and can lower INR, reducing the anticoagulant effect; close monitoring is needed.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 27]}Caution

Drug Class: cardiac-glycosides

Mechanism: P-glycoprotein induction lowers digoxin levels (AUC fell ~25% over ten days), which may reduce its effect.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 19, 21]}Caution

Drug Class: statins

Mechanism: CYP3A4 induction lowers levels of simvastatin and atorvastatin, potentially weakening their cholesterol-lowering effect.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[18, 19, 21]}Caution

Drug Class: cyp3a4-substrates

Mechanism: As a broad CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inducer, St John's wort can lower levels of many medicines cleared by this pathway; check each medication individually.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[20, 28, 29]}Avoid

Drug Class: chemotherapy-agents

Mechanism: St John's wort strongly induces CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, speeding the breakdown and removal of several cancer medicines. In patients it cut the active form of irinotecan (SN-38) by about 42% and reduced imatinib exposure by roughly a third - enough to weaken treatment and risk drug resistance. Do not take St John's wort during chemotherapy.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Pairings

Not documented

St John's wort raises serotonin activity and can cause serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonin-boosting agents; pairing it with another mood-active, serotonergic herb such as saffron may add to this risk.^[30]

Partner Id: crocus-sativus

Type: caution

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

St John's wort is a strong enzyme inducer and increases serotonin activity; combining it with another antidepressant-type herb such as rhodiola may add to serotonergic effects and unpredictably change how each is handled by the body.^[30]

Partner Id: rhodiola-rosea

Type: caution

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

St John's wort speeds up the breakdown of many substances and also raises serotonin activity; pairing it with a sedative herb such as valerian may add to drowsiness and can unpredictably change how each is handled by the body.^{[30, 31]}

Partner Id: valeriana-officinalis

Type: caution

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

St John's wort is a strong enzyme inducer and kava is a liver-metabolised sedative; combining them may add to central-nervous-system effects and alter how kava is processed, so combined use warrants caution.^{[30, 31]}

Partner Id: piper-methysticum

Type: caution

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

Okonogi, R. and others (2023) 'Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata spray in acute pharyngitis: A randomized controlled trial', Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 17(5), pp. 315-321. doi:10.5582/ddt.2023.01053 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2023.01053
Hossain, S., Urbi, Z., Karuniawati, H., Mohiuddin, R.B. and others (2018) 'Overview of pharmacological activities of Andrographis paniculata and its major compound andrographolide', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(10), pp. 1635-1652. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657
Worakunphanich, W. and others (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata Formulations: Impact on Diterpene Lactone Oral Bioavailability', European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 46(5), pp. 565-581. doi:10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7
Worakunphanich, W., Thavorncharoensap, M., Youngkong, S., Thakkinstian, A. and Chaikledkaew, U (2021) 'Safety of Andrographis paniculata: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 30(6), pp. 727-739. doi:10.1002/pds.5190 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5190
Kumar, S., Singh, B. and Bajpai, V (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and its major constituent andrographolide as potential antiviral agents', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 274, pp. 113954. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.113954 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113954
Barbosa, F.L. and others (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: An Updated Review of Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial Pharmacology, and Clinical Safety and Efficacy', Life, 11(4), pp. 348. doi:10.3390/life11040348 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11040348
Singh, P. and others (2022) 'Andrographis paniculata mitigates first-line anti-tubercular drugs-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats', Biomarkers, 27(4), pp. 385-394. doi:10.1080/1354750X.2022.2043444 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2022.2043444
Coon, J.T. and Ernst, E (2004) 'Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 29(1), pp. 37-45. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00534.x Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00534.x
Rondee, N. and others (2023) 'The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases', Nutrients, 15(15), pp. 3428. doi:10.3390/nu15153428 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153428
Zeng, B., Wei, A., Zhou, Q., Yuan, M., Lei, K., Liu, Y., Song, J., Guo, L. and Ye, Q (2021) 'Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.7324 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7324
Gonde, D.P., Bhole, B.K. and Kakad, K.S (2023) 'Andrographolide, diterpenoid constituent of Andrographis paniculata: Review on botany, phytochemistry, molecular docking analysis, and pharmacology', Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. doi:10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.001 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.001
Hu, X.Y., Wu, R.H., Logue, M., Blondel, C., Lai, L.Y.W., Stuart, B., Flower, A., Fei, Y.T., Moore, M., Shepherd, J., Liu, J.P. and Lewith, G (2017) 'Andrographis paniculata (Chuan Xin Lian) for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis', PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181780 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181780
World Health Organization (2002) 'Herba Andrographidis'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37
Tundis, R. and Patra, J.K. and Bonesi, M. and Das, S. and Nath, R. and Das Talukdar, A. and Das, G. and Loizzo, M.R (2023) 'Anti-Cancer Agent: The Labdane Diterpenoid-Andrographolide', Plants, 12(10), pp. 1969. doi:10.3390/plants12101969 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101969
Mishra, S.K. and Tripathi, S. and Shukla, A. and Oh, S.H. and Kim, H.M (2015) 'Andrographolide and analogues in cancer prevention', Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition), 7(2), pp. 255-266. doi:10.2741/E732 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2741/E732
Paul, S. and Roy, D. and Pati, S. and Sa, G (2021) 'The Adroitness of Andrographolide as a Natural Weapon Against Colorectal Cancer', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 731492. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.731492 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.731492
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (n.d.) 'Andrographis (About Herbs)'. Available at: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/andrographis Traditional / reference
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/andrographis

Ng, Q.X., Venkatanarayanan, N. and Ho, C.Y.X (2017) 'Clinical use of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) in depression: A meta-analysis', Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, pp. 211-221. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.048 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.048
Kholghi, G., Arjmandi-Rad, S., Zarrindast, M.R. and Vaseghi, S (2022) 'St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and depression: what happens to the neurotransmitter systems?', Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 395(6), pp. 629-642. doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02229-z Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02229-z
Fugh-Berman, A (2000) 'Herb-drug interactions', Lancet, 355(9198), pp. 134-138. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)06457-0 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)06457-0
Nobakht, S.Z., Akaberi, M., Mohammadpour, A.H., Tafazoli Moghadam, A. and Emami, S.A (2022) 'Hypericum perforatum: Traditional uses, clinical trials, and drug interactions', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 25(9), pp. 1045-1058. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2022.65112.14338 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2022.65112.14338
Jiang, Z., Wang, F., Zhao, Y., Lu, L., Jiang, X., Huang, T., Lin, Y., Guo, L., Weng, Z. and Liu, E (2024) 'Hypericum perforatum L. attenuates depression by regulating Akkermansia muciniphila, tryptophan metabolism and NFkB-NLRP2-Caspase1-IL1beta pathway', Phytomedicine, 132, pp. 155847. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155847 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155847
Oliveira, A.I., Pinho, C., Sarmento, B. and Dias, A.C.P (2016) 'Neuroprotective Activity of Hypericum perforatum and Its Major Components', Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, pp. 1004. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01004 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01004
Russo, E., Scicchitano, F., Whalley, B.J., Mazzitello, C., Ciriaco, M., Esposito, S., Patane, M., Upton, R., Pugliese, M., Chimirri, S., Mammi, M., Palleria, C. and De Sarro, G (2013) 'Hypericum perforatum: pharmacokinetic, mechanism of action, tolerability, and clinical drug-drug interactions', Phytotherapy Research, 28(5), pp. 643-655. doi:10.1002/ptr.5050 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5050
Saddiqe, Z., Naeem, I. and Maimoona, A (2010) 'A review of the antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(3), pp. 511-521. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.034 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.034
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Nathan, P (1999) 'The experimental and clinical pharmacology of St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)', Molecular Psychiatry, 4(4), pp. 333-338. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000557 Meta-analysis / review
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Verotta, L (2003) 'Hypericum perforatum, a source of neuroactive lead structures', Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 3(2), pp. 187-201. doi:10.2174/1568026033392589 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026033392589
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https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881104042632
Izzo, A.A. and Ernst, E (2009) 'Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review', Drugs, 69(13), pp. 1777-1798. doi:10.2165/11317010-000000000-00000 Meta-analysis / review
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https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-009-9146-8
Nicolussi, S., Drewe, J., Butterweck, V. and Meyer zu Schwabedissen, H.E (2020) 'Clinical relevance of St. John's wort drug interactions revisited', British Journal of Pharmacology, 177(6), pp. 1212-1226. doi:10.1111/bph.14936 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14936
Piscitelli, S.C., Burstein, A.H., Chaitt, D., Alfaro, R.M. and Falloon, J (2000) 'Indinavir concentrations and St John's wort', Lancet, 355(9203), pp. 547-548. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05712-8 Clinical study
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Murphy, P.A., Kern, S.E., Stanczyk, F.Z. and Westhoff, C.L (2005) 'Interaction of St. John's Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding', Contraception, 71(6), pp. 402-408. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.11.004 Clinical study
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https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02005.x
Johne, A., Brockmoller, J., Bauer, S., Maurer, A., Langheinrich, M. and Roots, I (1999) 'Pharmacokinetic interaction of digoxin with an herbal extract from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)', Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 66(4), pp. 338-345. doi:10.1053/cp.1999.v66.a101944 Clinical study
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Mathijssen, R.H.J., Verweij, J., de Bruijn, P., Loos, W.J. and Sparreboom, A (2002) 'Effects of St. John's wort on irinotecan metabolism', Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 94(16), pp. 1247-1249. doi:10.1093/jnci/94.16.1247 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/94.16.1247
Smith, P., Bullock, J.M., Booker, B.M., Haas, C.E., Berenson, C.S. and Jusko, W.J (2004) 'The influence of St. John's wort on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of imatinib mesylate', Pharmacotherapy, 24(11), pp. 1508-1514. doi:10.1592/phco.24.16.1508.50958 Clinical study
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Izzo, A.A (2004) 'Drug interactions with St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the clinical evidence', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 42(3), pp. 139-148. doi:10.5414/cpp42139 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.5414/cpp42139
Caus, M.N., Lupoae, M. and Chitescu, C.L (2026) 'Efficacy and Safety of Herbal Supplements with Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, and Sedative Action: A Review of Clinical Data and Toxicological Risks', Pharmaceuticals, 19(3), pp. 399. doi:10.3390/ph19030399 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph19030399

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.