Plant Comparison
Aloe Vera vs Chili Pepper
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Aloe Vera and Chili Pepper: they share 8 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, back pain, headache, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Aloe Vera | Chili Pepper | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 1/10 | 6/10 | Stronger for Chili Pepper |
| Back pain | 1/10 | 6/10 | Stronger for Chili Pepper |
| Headache | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Infection (general) | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Inflammation (general) | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Pain (general) | 1/10 | 6/10 | Stronger for Chili Pepper |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Wounds | 1/10 | 1/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Acemannan and other glucomannans are the principal gel polysaccharides, underlying the emollient and wound-healing effects.
Found mainly in the leaf latex (not the inner gel); responsible for the traditional laxative effect and requiring caution with prolonged use.
Minor bioactive enzymes, vitamins (including C and E) and minerals contribute to the antioxidant and skin-conditioning properties of the gel.
The pungent alkaloid-like compounds responsible for the fruit's heat and its counterirritant/analgesic action via TRPV1 receptor desensitisation.
Give ripe red fruit its colour and contribute antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoids identified in leaf and fruit extracts.
Pharmacological Actions
Aloe vera and its anthraquinone aloe-emodin show dose-dependent antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity against multiple cancer types in vitro and in vivo (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from analgesic action
inferred from vulnerary action
Aloe-emodin, an Aloe vera anthraquinone, induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of gastric, oral squamous, hepatocellular, lung (incl. xenograft) and glioblastoma cancer cells, modulating caspases, Bcl-2/Bax, PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signalling (preclinical).
inferred from emollient action
inferred from analgesic action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from analgesic action
inferred from digestive action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Topical use of aloe gel is generally safe for most people. Oral use of aloe latex as a laxative is potentially unsafe with prolonged use due to risk of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and potential kidney damage. Aloe latex contains anthraquinone glycosides which may cause abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. May interact with diabetes medications, diuretics, and laxatives. Oral aloe gel at typical doses appears safe short-term but long-term safety is unclear. Allergic reactions possible in sensitive individuals.
Duke (2002) reports clinical evidence (score 2/3) supporting aloe gel's use in psoriasis, constipation (in adults), and as a vulnerary. Gel preparations have been clinically validated for peptic ulcers (excluding stress-induced), radiation burns, and skin ulcers. Dose: 1 tablespoon gel three times daily or 50–200 mg dried juice equivalent per day as a laxative. An important safety distinction is made: the gel (inner leaf mucilage) is AHPA Class 1 (safe), while the inner leaf juice or dried latex is Class 2b due to anthraquinone content and is contraindicated in intestinal inflammation, colitis, Crohn's disease, appendicitis, and during menstruation (Duke, 2002).
Capsaicin causes intense burning sensation; avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. High oral doses can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and diarrhoea. Topical preparations may cause skin irritation and should be used diluted. Not recommended for individuals with active peptic ulcers. Caution with anticoagulants — capsaicin may enhance bleeding risk. During pregnancy, culinary amounts are considered safe, but high-dose supplements should be avoided. Repeated topical application leads to desensitisation (TRPV1 depletion), which is the basis for its analgesic use. Children under 2 should not be given capsaicin-containing topical products (Basu and Bhattacharyya, 2023).
Duke (2002) rates cayenne/chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) highly for its clinically documented analgesic, counterirritant, and rubefacient activities. Commission E approves topical capsaicin preparations for muscle pain, arthritis, and neuralgia (score 2). The active compound capsaicin depletes substance P in sensory neurons upon repeated application, reducing pain signals. Capsaicin cream (0.025–0.075%) is a validated treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, and osteoarthritis pain. Internal use can irritate mucous membranes; external use requires avoiding contact with eyes and mucous membranes (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Succulent, rosette-forming perennial with thick, fleshy, lance-shaped leaves edged with soft, pale teeth, each leaf filled with a clear, slippery, mucilaginous gel beneath a tougher green rind. In favourable conditions it produces a tall flowering spike bearing tubular yellow (sometimes orange) flowers.[1]
Bushy annual or short-lived perennial herb (grown as an annual in temperate climates) with glossy, oval to lance-shaped leaves. Small, star-shaped, white to greenish flowers give way to the characteristic fleshy, hollow fruit (a berry), which ripens from green through yellow to red and varies enormously in size, shape and pungency between cultivars.[1]
Habitat
Believed native to the Arabian Peninsula, and now cultivated and naturalised throughout arid and semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions worldwide as a garden, medicinal and commercial crop.[1]
Native to Central and South America; cultivated worldwide in warm and temperate climates as a food and medicinal crop, thriving in full sun on well-drained soil.[1]
Harvesting
Outer, mature leaves are cut close to the base as needed; the clear inner gel (mucilage) is separated from the outer rind and from the bitter yellow latex (aloin-containing exudate) just under the rind, since the gel and the latex have different uses and safety profiles.[1]
Fruit is picked at the desired stage of ripeness (green for milder use, fully red for maximum capsaicin and carotenoid content) through summer and autumn; seeds are separated and dried from fully ripe fruit.
Traditional Uses
Aloe vera has an ancient reputation, recorded from ancient Egypt onward, as a topical remedy for burns, wounds and skin inflammation (the 'burn plant' / 'first aid plant'), and the bitter leaf latex has been used traditionally as a stimulant laxative. It remains one of the most widely used topical botanicals for skin care and minor wound healing.[1]
Chili pepper fruit has a long history across the Americas and, after global spread, in many other traditional medicine systems as a warming digestive stimulant and topical counterirritant/analgesic for muscle and joint pain, building on capsaicin's now well-documented ability to desensitise pain-sensing nerve fibres with repeated application.[1]
Preparations
Standardised capsaicin cream or patch applied to the affected area for muscle, joint or nerve pain; repeated application depletes substance P and reduces pain signalling.
Dosage
The WHO monograph on Aloe Vera Gel specifies fresh gel, or preparations containing 10-70% fresh gel, applied to the affected skin area. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph on Capsici fructus gives semi-solid dosage forms corresponding to 40-53 mg capsaicinoids per 100 g, applied as a thin layer to the affected area 2-4 times daily, in adults and elderly. For medicated plasters, a maximum of 1 plaster per day applied for at least 4 and up to 12 hours, with at least 12 hours before a new plaster is applied to the same area. Not recommended under 18 years. Expect an initial burning sensation that lessens with repeated use. Note the monograph covers hot chilli fruit (C. annuum var. minimum and small-fruited C. frutescens), not sweet peppers. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
- Sanchez, M., Gonzalez-Burgos, E., Iglesias, I. and Gomez-Serranillos, M.P (2020) 'Pharmacological update properties of Aloe vera and its major active constituents', Molecules, 25(6), pp. 1324. doi:10.3390/molecules25061324 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324 - Kaur, S. and Bains, K (2023) 'Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera)', International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 94(3-4), pp. 308-321. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000797 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000797 - Catalano, A., Ceramella, J., Iacopetta, D., Marra, M., Conforti, F., Lupi, F.R., Gabriele, D., Borges, F. and Sinicropi, M.S (2024) 'Aloe vera - an extensive review focused on recent studies', Foods, 13(13), pp. 2155. doi:10.3390/foods13132155 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13132155 - Surjushe, A., Vasani, R. and Saple, D.G (2008) 'Aloe vera: a short review', Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), pp. 163-166. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.44785 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.44785 - Liang, J., Cui, L., Li, J., Guan, S., Zhang, K. and Li, J (2020) 'Aloe vera: a medicinal plant used in skin wound healing', Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 27(5), pp. 455-474. doi:10.1089/ten.TEB.2020.0236 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEB.2020.0236 - Guo, X. and Mei, N (2016) 'Aloe vera: a review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects', Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C, 34(2), pp. 77-96. doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826 - Boyapati, R., Peeta, J., Dhulipalla, R., Kolaparthy, L., Adurty, C. and Cheruvu, R.N.S (2024) 'Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic, Aloe vera, povidine-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the treatment of gingival inflammation: a randomized controlled trial', Dental and Medical Problems, 61(2), pp. 181-190. doi:10.17219/dmp/156425 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/156425 - Hekmatpou, D., Mehrabi, F., Rahzani, K. and Aminiyan, A (2019) 'The effect of Aloe vera clinical trials on prevention and healing of skin wound: a systematic review', Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 44(1), pp. 1-9. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20effect%20of%20Aloe%20vera%20clinical%20trials%20on%20prevention%20and%20healing%20of%20skin%20wound%3A%20a%20systematic%20review - Gao, Y., Kuok, K.I., Jin, Y. and Wang, R (2018) 'Biomedical applications of Aloe vera', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(sup1), pp. S244-S256. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1496320 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1496320 - Feily, A. and Namazi, M.R (2009) 'Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review', Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia, 144(1), pp. 85-91. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Aloe%20vera%20in%20dermatology%3A%20a%20brief%20review - Sierra-Garcia, G.D., Castro-Rios, R., Gonzalez-Horta, A., Lara-Arias, J. and Chavez-Montes, A (2014) 'Acemannan, an extracted polysaccharide from Aloe vera: a literature review', Natural Product Communications, 9(8), pp. 1217-1221. doi:10.1177/1934578x1400900836 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900836 - World Health Organization (1999) 'Aloe Vera Gel'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 - Femenia A, Sánchez ES, Simal S, Rosselló C. Compositional features of polysaccharides from Aloe vera (1999) ';39(2):109-117', 39(2). Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%3B39%282%29%3A109-117. - Catalano A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, et al. Aloe vera - An extensive review focused on recent studies. Foods. 2024;13 (2024) ';13(13):2155', 13(13). Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%3B13%2813%29%3A2155. - Hekmatpou D, Mehrabi F, Rahzani K, Aminiyan A. The effect of Aloe vera clinical trials on prevention and healing of skin wound: A systematic review. Iran J Med Sci. 2019;44 (2019) ';44(1):1-9', 44(1). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6330525/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6330525/ - National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Aloe vera. NIH. 2020. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera (2020) 'https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera'. Available at: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera Traditional / reference
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera - Sahu PK, Giri DD, Singh R, et al. Therapeutic and medicinal uses of Aloe vera: A review. Pharmacol Pharm. 2013;4:599-610 (2013) ';4:599-610'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%3B4%3A599-610. - Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological update properties of Aloe vera and its major active constituents. Molecules. 2020;25 (2020) ';25(6):1324', 25(6). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144722/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144722/ - Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53 (2008) ';53(4):163-166', 53(4). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763764/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763764/ - Ulbricht C, Armstrong J, Basch E, et al. An evidence-based systematic review of Aloe vera by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Herb Pharmacother. 2008;7 (2008) ';7(3-4):279-323'. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92765/ Traditional / reference
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92765/ - Haroon, N. and Amjad, A. and Maaz, M. and Noman, A.M. and Anees, N. and Muhammad, Z. and Shah, M. and Al Abdulmonem, W (2026) 'Phytochemistry, Bioavailability, and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Multitarget Anticancer Activity of Aloe vera', Nutrients, 18(12), pp. 2034. doi:10.3390/nu18122034 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18122034 - Chen, S.-H. and Lin, K.-Y. and Chang, C.-C. and Fang, C.-L. and Lin, C.-P (2007) 'Aloe-emodin-induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells', Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(11), pp. 2296-2303. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.005 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.005 - Li, Q. and Wen, J. and Yu, K. and Shu, Y. and He, W. and Chu, H. and Zhang, B. and Ge, C (2018) 'Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1), pp. 296. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2353-z Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2353-z - Arcella, A. and Sanchez, M (2021) 'Natural substances to potentiate canonical glioblastoma chemotherapy', Journal of Chemotherapy, 33(5), pp. 276-287. doi:10.1080/1120009X.2021.1873633 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1873633 - Zhu, M. and He, Q. and Wang, Y. and Duan, L. and Rong, K. and Wu, Y. and Ding, Y. and Mi, Y. and Ge, X. and Yang, X. and Yu, Y (2023) 'Exploring the mechanism of aloe-emodin in the treatment of liver cancer through network pharmacology and cell experiments', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, pp. 1238841. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1238841 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1238841 - Kim, H.J. and Choi, J.W. and Ree, J. and Lim, J.S. and Lee, J. and Kim, J.I. and Thapa, S.B. and Sohng, J.K. and Park, Y.I (2022) 'Aloe emodin 3-O-glucoside inhibits cell growth and migration and induces apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer cells via suppressing MEK/ERK and Akt signalling pathways', Life Sciences, 300, pp. 120495. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120495 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120495 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - Suksomboon, N., Poolsup, N. and Punthanitisarn, S (2016) 'Effect of Aloe vera on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 41(2), pp. 180-188. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12382 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12382 - Suksomboon, N., Poolsup, N. and Punthanitisarn, S (2016) 'Effect of Aloe vera on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 41(2), pp. 180-188. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12382 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12382 - Gardening Know How 'Aloe Vs. Agave Plants: What's The Difference Between Aloe And Agave'. Available at: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/cacti-succulents/scgen/how-to-tell-agave-and-aloe-apart.htm Traditional / reference
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/cacti-succulents/scgen/how-to-tell-agave-and-aloe-apart.htm - Ricks, M.R. and Vogel, P.S. and Elston, D.M. and Hivnor, C (1999) 'Purpuric agave dermatitis', Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 40(2 Pt 2), pp. 356-8. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70485-8 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70485-8 - Genillier-Foin, N. and Avenel-Audran, M (2007) 'Purpuric contact dermatitis from Agave americana', Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie, 134(5 Pt 1), pp. 477-8. doi:10.1016/s0151-9638(07)89218-0 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0151-9638(07)89218-0
- Cho, S.Y., Kim, H.W., Lee, M.K., Kim, H.J., Kim, J.B., Choe, J.S., Lee, Y.M. and Jang, H.H (2020) 'Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in relation to the flavonoids composition of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)', Antioxidants, 9(10), pp. 986. doi:10.3390/antiox9100986 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100986 - Khan, F.A., Mahmood, T., Ali, M., Saeed, A. and Maalik, A (2014) 'Pharmacological importance of an ethnobotanical plant: Capsicum annuum L', Natural Product Research, 28(16), pp. 1267-1274. doi:10.1080/14786419.2014.895723 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.895723 - Srinivasan, K (2016) 'Biological activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and its pungent principle capsaicin: a review', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(9), pp. 1488-1500. doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.772090 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.772090 - Hernandez-Perez, T., Gomez-Garcia, M.D.R., Valverde, M.E. and Paredes-Lopez, O (2020) 'Capsicum annuum (hot pepper): an ancient Latin-American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential. A review', Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(6), pp. 2972-2993. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12634 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12634 - Sanati, S., Razavi, B.M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2018) 'A review of the effects of Capsicum annuum L. and its constituent, capsaicin, in metabolic syndrome', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 21(5), pp. 439-448. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2018.25200.6238 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2018.25200.6238 - Mandal, S.K., Rath, S.K., Logesh, R., Mishra, S.K., Devkota, H.P. and Das, N (2023) 'Capsicum annuum L. and its bioactive constituents: a critical review of a traditional culinary spice in terms of its modern pharmacological potentials with toxicological issues', Phytotherapy Research, 37(3), pp. 965-1002. doi:10.1002/ptr.7660 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7660 - Grojja, Y., Hajlaoui, H., Luca, S.V., Abidi, J., Skalicka-Wozniak, K., Zouari, S. and Bouaziz, M (2023) 'Untargeted phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of a Tunisian Capsicum annuum cultivar', Molecules, 28(17), pp. 6346. doi:10.3390/molecules28176346 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176346 - Hernandez-Ortega, M., Ortiz-Moreno, A., Hernandez-Navarro, M.D., Chamorro-Cevallos, G., Dorantes-Alvarez, L. and Necoechea-Mondragon, H (2012) 'Antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids extracted from dried pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)', Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2012, pp. 524019. doi:10.1155/2012/524019 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/524019 - Maji, A.K. and Banerji, P (2016) 'Phytochemistry and gastrointestinal benefits of the medicinal spice, Capsicum annuum L. (Chilli): a review', Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, 13(2), pp. 97-122. doi:10.1515/jcim-2015-0037 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2015-0037 - Marrelli, M., Menichini, F. and Conforti, F (2016) 'Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of hot pepper flower (Capsicum annuum L.)', Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 71(3), pp. 301-306. doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0560-7 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-016-0560-7 - Song, C., Yu, C., Zhu, X., Luo, X., Zhang, Y., Meng, L., Luo, Y., Chang, H., Qin, C. and Liu, Y (2020) 'A new capsaicin-containing phenolic glycoside from Capsicum annuum L', Natural Product Research, 36(2), pp. 546-552. doi:10.1080/14786419.2020.1789983 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1789983 - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2015) 'European Union herbal monograph on Capsicum annuum L. var. minimum (Miller) Heiser and small fruited varieties of Capsicum frutescens L., fructus'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-capsicum-annuum-l-var-minimum-miller-heiser-and-small-fruited-varieties-capsicum-frutescens-l-fructus_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-capsicum-annuum-l-var-minimum-miller-heiser-and-small-fruited-varieties-capsicum-frutescens-l-fructus_en.pdf - Anand, P. and Bley, K (2011) 'Topical capsaicin for pain management: therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of the new high-concentration capsaicin 8% patch', 107(4), pp. 490--502. doi:10.1093/bja/aer260 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer260 - Basu, S. and Bhattacharyya, S (2023) 'Capsicum and capsaicin: a comprehensive review of chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic applications', 22(5), pp. 1413--1442. doi:10.1007/s11101-023-09875-8 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09875-8 - Derry, S., Rice, A.S., Cole, P., Tan, T. and Moore, R.A (2017) 'Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults'. doi:10.1002/http://14651858.CD007393.pub4 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1002/http://14651858.CD007393.pub4 - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Capsicum annuum L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:841033-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:841033-1 - Molina-Torres, J., García-Chávez, A. and Ramírez-Chávez, E (1999) 'Antimicrobial properties of alkamides present in flavouring plants traditionally used in Mesoamerica', 64(3), pp. 241--248. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00131-4 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00131-4 - Lv, J., Qi, L., Yu, C. et al (2015) 'Consumption of spicy foods and total and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study'. doi:10.1136/bmj.h3942 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3942 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.