Plant Comparison

Lady’s-mantle vs Pot marigold

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant ALady’s-mantleAlchemilla vulgarisRosaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BPot marigoldCalendula officinalisAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Lady’s-mantle and Pot marigold: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bruising, cancer (anticancer research), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

Lady’s-mantlePot marigold
Constituents13
Pharmacological actions47
Indicated uses78
Safety notes22
Cited sources1817
Indicated uses
Only Lady’s-mantle
Menstrual cramps
Shared (6)
Arthritis / joint painBruisingCancer (anticancer research)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Pot marigold
EczemaInfection (general)
Pharmacological actions
Only Lady’s-mantle
none
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantVulnerary (wound healing)
Only Pot marigold
AntifungalAntimicrobialEmollient / skin-soothing

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionLady’s-mantlePot marigoldVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain2/105/10Stronger for Pot marigold
Bruising1/105/10Stronger for Pot marigold
Cancer (anticancer research)2/107/10Stronger for Pot marigold
Inflammation (general)2/105/10Stronger for Pot marigold
Skin irritation2/105/10Stronger for Pot marigold
Wounds1/105/10Stronger for Pot marigold

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Phenolic compounds and tannins[5, 8]

Lady's mantle is rich in ellagitannins and other tannins (the basis of its astringency) together with phenolic acids (gallic and caffeic acids) and flavonoids such as quercetin and catechin, which underlie its antioxidant activity.

Phenolic compoundsPhenolic acidsTanninsCaffeic acidFlavonoidsQuercetinCatechinsGallic acid
Triterpene saponins (oleanolic acid glycosides, calendulosides)[1]

Principal wound-healing and anti-inflammatory constituents of the flower.

Triterpene saponinsSaponins
Flavonoids and carotenoids[4]

Antioxidant flavonoids and carotenoids give the flower its orange-yellow colour and contribute to its antioxidant activity.

FlavonoidsCarotenoids
Essential oil and resin[1]

Minor aromatic and resinous constituents of the flower head.

Essential (volatile) oil

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 16]
Anticancer (preclinical)[1, 5, 8, 17]

Alchemilla vulgaris extracts (aerial parts and root) show antioxidant, genoprotective and antitumor activity against multiple human cancer cell lines (preclinical).

Antioxidant[3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[14, 15, 16]
Anti-inflammatory[2, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15]
Anticancer (preclinical)[2, 4, 16]

Calendula officinalis extracts show cytotoxic antitumor, pro-apoptotic and antimetastatic activity across many cancer cell lines and in animal models (preclinical).

Antifungal[13, 14, 15]
Antimicrobial[7, 13, 14, 15]
Antioxidant[4, 10, 13, 14, 15]
Emollient / skin-soothing[13, 14, 15]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[1, 5, 9, 13, 14, 15]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[6, 14, 15, 16]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bruising[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bruising
Cancer (anticancer research)[1, 5, 8, 17]Traditional · 2/10

Alchemilla vulgaris extracts suppress the growth of MCF-7, A375, A549, HCT116 (aerial parts) and PC-3, MCF-7, Caco-2 (root) cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy, while protecting normal cells (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Inflammation (general)[6, 14, 15, 16]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Skin irritation[6, 14, 15, 16]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bruising[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 5
Label: Bruising
Cancer (anticancer research)[2, 4, 16]Good · 7/10

A Calendula officinalis (LACE) aqueous extract inhibits proliferation (70-100%) of leukemia, melanoma, breast, prostate, lung and colon cancer cell lines via G0/G1 arrest and caspase-3 apoptosis and inhibits melanoma growth in nude mice; a systematic review documents its cytotoxic and antimetastatic antitumour activity (preclinical).

Evidence: 7
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Eczema[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from emollient action

Evidence: 5
Label: Eczema
Infection (general)[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antifungal action

Evidence: 5
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[14, 15, 16]Caution

Generally considered very safe. One of the gentlest astringent herbs in European herbalism. No significant drug interactions. Tannin content means very high doses should be avoided in sensitive stomachs. Not significantly contraindicated in pregnancy at normal herbal tea doses, but medicinal doses should be used cautiously.

Safety note[14, 15, 16, 18]Info

Duke (2002) rates lady's mantle as ++ and notes astringent, angioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and vulnerary activities at the experimental level (score 1). The plant is rich in tannins and is traditionally used for diarrhea, wound healing, and as a mild gynecological tonic. Duke notes its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as experimentally supported. No significant safety concerns are noted at usual herbal doses; the plant is generally well-tolerated (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[13, 14, 15]Caution

Generally very safe for topical use. May cause contact dermatitis in rare cases (Asteraceae family allergy). Internal use is safe in normal doses. Avoid during pregnancy at therapeutic doses (uterine stimulant potential). Generally safe during breastfeeding for topical use.

Safety note[13, 14, 15, 17]Info

Duke (2002) rates calendula (Calendula officinalis) and notes anti-inflammatory, wound-healing (vulnerary), antifungal, and antispasmodic activities at experimental levels. Commission E (KOM) approves calendula flower for wound healing and anti-inflammatory uses, both topically and as a gargle. The plant contains flavonoids, triterpene saponins (oleanolic acid glycosides), and essential oils. Dose: 1–2 g dried flower as tea (for mouth rinse/gargle); or as cream/ointment containing 2–5% calendula extract for topical use. Duke notes that calendula is generally very well-tolerated, though Asteraceae sensitivity can occasionally cause allergic reactions (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 7890713
Wikidata: Q160189
Gbif: 5391480
Wikidata: Q145930

Botanical Description

Low, clump-forming perennial herb with distinctive rounded, softly hairy leaves divided into 7-11 shallow, scalloped, toothed lobes, fanning out like a cloak (giving the genus name Alchemilla, 'little alchemist', after the dew drops that collect in the leaf centre, once prized by alchemists). Tiny, petal-less, yellow-green flowers are borne in loose, branching clusters above the foliage.[14]

Height: 10-40 cm
Habit: Low, clump-forming perennial herb
Leaves: Rounded, softly hairy, palmately lobed into 7-11 shallow scalloped, toothed lobes
Flowers: Tiny, petal-less, yellow-green flowers in loose branching clusters
Stem: Short, softly hairy flowering stems rising above the leaf clump
Root: Short, stout rootstock
Fruit: Small dry achene
Flowering Period: May-September

Aromatic annual or short-lived perennial herb with soft, hairy, oblong leaves and branching, slightly sticky stems. The flower heads are bright orange to yellow, daisy-like, with numerous narrow ray florets surrounding a darker central disc, opening in sunlight and closing at dusk.[1]

Height: 30-60 cm
Habit: Erect, branching annual or short-lived perennial herb
Leaves: Soft, hairy, oblong to lance-shaped
Flowers: Bright orange to yellow, daisy-like flower heads with numerous narrow ray florets
Stem: Branching, softly hairy, slightly sticky
Root: Shallow taproot
Fruit: Curved, ridged achene, without pappus
Flowering Period: June to first frost

Habitat

Grows in damp meadows, pastures, mountain grassland, streamsides and open woodland, typically on moist, nutrient-rich soils; native to Europe and parts of temperate Asia, favouring cooler upland and northern regions.[14]

Widely cultivated as a garden and medicinal plant; believed native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean, now naturalised in gardens and waste ground worldwide.[1]

Harvesting

The leaves and flowering tops are gathered in summer while the plant is in flower, and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place.[14]

Parts: Flower, Leaf
Season: Summer flowering period

The flower heads (or just the ray-floret petals) are picked by hand as they open, through the flowering season, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place to preserve colour and resin content.[1]

Parts: Flower, Petals
Season: Through the flowering season (summer to autumn), as flowers open

Traditional Uses

Lady's mantle has long been used in European herbal medicine as a gentle astringent for menstrual complaints and as a mild gynaecological tonic, and topically for minor wounds and skin inflammation, reflecting its tannin-rich astringent character.[15]

Calendula flower is one of the most widely used topical wound-healing and skin-soothing herbs in Western herbal medicine, applied to cuts, grazes, minor burns and skin inflammation, and used internally as a gentle anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial remedy and as a gargle for mouth and throat irritation.[1]

Preparations

Infusion[15]

Dried leaf and flowering tops infused in hot water, traditionally taken for menstrual complaints and mild digestive upset.

Infused oil[1]

Dried petals infused in a carrier oil, used as a soothing base for topical creams and balms for skin healing.

Cream/ointment[1]

Standardised flower extract formulated into a cream or ointment for topical wound and skin care; the best-studied modern form.

Infusion[12]

Dried flower infused in hot water, 1-2 g in 150 ml, used still warm as a mouth rinse or gargle 2-4 times daily. The EU herbal monograph's posology for this preparation is OROMUCOSAL only - it does not support taking the infusion internally. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0688, REF-0689, REF-2226, REF-2227, REF-0686, REF-0685, REF-2228, REF-0687, REF-2229, REF-2230, REF-2231, REF-2232, REF-2233
REF-0752, REF-0753, REF-0754, REF-2124, REF-2125, REF-2126, REF-2127, REF-2128, REF-2129, REF-2130, REF-2131

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dosage

Not documented

Topical cream/ointment[12]

The EU herbal monograph gives semi-solid preparations containing the equivalent of 2-10% herbal substance, applied as a thin layer to the affected area 2 to 4 times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion/gargle[12]

The EU herbal monograph gives 1-2 g of the flower in 150 mL water as an infusion, used still warm for rinsing and gargling 2 to 4 times daily, or to prepare impregnated dressings for the skin. This is an oromucosal and cutaneous preparation, not an oral tea. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References & Sources

  1. Jelaca, S., Jovanovic, I., Bovan, D., Jovanovic, M.Z., Jurisevic, M.M., Dundjerovic, D. and others (2024) 'Dual Role of Alchemilla vulgaris L. Extract in Breast Cancer Regression: Reestablishment of Effective Immune Response', Pharmaceuticals, 17(3). doi:10.3390/ph17030286 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17030286
  2. Jelaca, S., Jovanovic, I., Bovan, D., Pavlovic, S., Gajovic, N., Dundjerovic, D. and others (2024) 'Antimelanoma Effects of Alchemilla vulgaris: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Vivo Study', Diseases, 12(6). doi:10.3390/diseases12060125 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12060125
  3. Kanak, S., Krzeminska, B., Celinski, R., Bakalczuk, M. and Dos Santos Szewczyk, K (2022) 'Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Alchemilla species', Plants, 11(20), pp. 2709. doi:10.3390/plants11202709 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202709
  4. Jakimiuk, K. and Tomczyk, M (2023) 'A review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical evidence for the use of the genus Alchemilla (Rosaceae)', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 320, pp. 117439. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.117439 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117439
  5. Jelaca, S., Dajic-Stevanovic, Z., Vukovic, N., Kolasinac, S., Trendafilova, A., Nedialkov, P. and others (2022) 'Beyond Traditional Use of Alchemilla vulgaris: Genoprotective and Antitumor Activity In Vitro', Molecules, 27(23). doi:10.3390/molecules27238113 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238113
  6. Anajirih, N., Abdeen, A., Taher, E.S., Abdelkader, A., Abd-Ellatieff, H.A., Gewaily, M.S. and others (2024) 'Alchemilla vulgaris modulates isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity: interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis', Frontiers in Pharmacology. doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1394557 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1394557
  7. Karaoglan, E.S., Bayir, Y., Albayrak, A., Toktay, E., Ozgen, U., Kazaz, C., Kahramanlar, A. and Cadirci, E (2020) 'Isolation of major compounds and gastroprotective activity of Alchemilla on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats', Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 52(3), pp. 249-253. doi:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.19243 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.19243
  8. Vlaisavljevic, S., Jelaca, S., Zengin, G., Mimica-Dukic, N., Berezni, S., Miljic, M. and Dajic Stevanovic, Z (2019) 'Alchemilla vulgaris agg. (Lady's mantle) from central Balkan: antioxidant, anticancer and enzyme inhibition properties', RSC Advances, 9(64), pp. 37474--37483. doi:10.1039/c9ra08231j Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08231j
  9. Kupeli Akkol, E., Demirel, M.A., Bahadir Acikara, O., Suntar, I., Ergene, B., Ilhan, M., Ozbilgin, S., Saltan, G., Keles, H. and Tekin, M (2015) 'Phytochemical analyses and effects of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. and Alchemilla persica Rothm. in rat endometriosis model', Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 292(3), pp. 619-628. doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3665-6 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3665-6
  10. Dos Santos Szewczyk, K., Pietrzak, W., Klimek, K., Grzywa-Celinska, A., Celinski, R. and Gogacz, M (2022) 'LC-ESI-MS/MS identification of biologically active phenolics in different extracts of Alchemilla acutiloba Opiz', Molecules, 27(3), pp. 621. doi:10.3390/molecules27030621 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030621
  11. Ozbek, H., Acikara, O.B., Keskin, I., Kirmizi, N.I., Ozbilgin, S., Oz, B.E., Kurtul, E., Ozrenk, B.C., Tekin, M. and Saltan, G (2016) 'Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activity of Alchemilla mollis', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 86, pp. 172-176. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.005 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.005
  12. Krivokuca, M., Niketic, M., Milenkovic, M., Golic, N., Masia, C., Scaltrito, M.M., Sisto, F. and Kundakovic, T (2015) 'Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of four Alchemilla species (Rosaceae)', Natural Product Communications, 10(8), pp. 1369-1371. doi:10.1177/1934578x1501000814 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000814
  13. Duckstein, S.M., Lotter, E.M., Meyer, U., Lindequist, U. and Stintzing, F.C (2013) 'Phenolic constituents from Alchemilla vulgaris L. and Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. at different dates of harvest', Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C, 68(1-2), pp. 529-540. doi:10.1515/znc-2012-11-1201 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-11-1201
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
  15. Hoffmann, D (2003) 'Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Medical%20Herbalism%3A%20The%20Science%20and%20Practice%20of%20Herbal%20Medicine
  16. Pauli, A. and Schilcher, H (2012) 'In vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils monographed in the European Pharmacopoeia 6th edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=In%20vitro%20antimicrobial%20activities%20of%20essential%20oils%20monographed%20in%20the%20European%20Pharmacopoeia%206th%20edition
  17. Ibrahim, O.H.M. and Abo-Elyousr, K.A.M. and Asiry, K.A. and Alhakamy, N.A. and Mousa, M.A.A (2022) 'Phytochemical Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity and In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential of Alchemilla vulgaris Auct Root Extract against Prostate (PC-3), Breast (MCF-7) and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) Cancer Cell Lines', Plants, 11(16), pp. 2140. doi:10.3390/plants11162140 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162140
  18. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  1. Givol, O., Kornhaber, R., Visentin, D., Cleary, M. et al (2019) 'A systematic review of Calendula officinalis extract for wound healing', Wound Repair and Regeneration, 27(5), pp. 548-561. doi:10.1111/wrr.12737 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12737
  2. Shahane, K., Kshirsagar, M., Tambe, S., Jain, D. et al (2023) 'An Updated Review on the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Calendula officinalis L', Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 16(4), pp. 611. doi:10.3390/ph16040611 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040611
  3. Saffari, E., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Adibpour, M., Mirghafourvand, M. et al (2016) 'Comparing the effects of Calendula officinalis and clotrimazole on vaginal Candidiasis: A randomized controlled trial', Women & Health, 57(10), pp. 1145-1160. doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1263272 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2016.1263272
  4. Cruceriu, D., Balacescu, O. and Rakosy, E (2018) 'Calendula officinalis: potential roles in cancer treatment and palliative care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 17(4), pp. 1068-1078. doi:10.1177/1534735418803766 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735418803766
  5. Rezai, S., Rahzani, K., Hekmatpou, D. and Rostami, A (2023) 'Effect of oral Calendula officinalis on second-degree burn wound healing', Scars, Burns & Healing, 9, pp. 20595131221134053. doi:10.1177/20595131221134053 Randomized trial
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  6. Kadowaki, W., Miyata, R., Mizuno, S., Fujinami, M., Sato, Y. and Kumazawa, S (2023) 'Prenylated acetophenones from the roots of Calendula officinalis and their anti-inflammatory activity', Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 87(7), pp. 683-687. doi:10.1093/bbb/zbad042 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbad042
  7. Samra, R.M., Maatooq, G.T. and Zaki, A.A (2022) 'A new antiprotozoal compound from Calendula officinalis', Natural Product Research, 36(22), pp. 5747-5752. doi:10.1080/14786419.2021.2023868 Preclinical
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  8. Kaur, J., Sidhu, S., Chopra, K. and Khan, M.U (2016) 'Calendula officinalis ameliorates l-arginine-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats', Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12), pp. 2951-2959. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1195848 Preclinical
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  9. Aro, A.A., Perez, M.O., Vieira, C.P., Esquisatto, M.A.M., Rodrigues, R.A.F., Gomes, L. and Pimentel, E.R (2014) 'Effect of Calendula officinalis cream on achilles tendon healing', Anatomical Record, 298(2), pp. 428-435. doi:10.1002/ar.23057 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23057
  10. Zhang, X., Wang, R., Finiuk, N., Stoika, R., Lin, H., Wang, X. and Jin, M (2023) 'Active compounds from Calendula officinalis flowers act via PI3K and ERK signaling pathways to offer neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease', Food Science & Nutrition, 12(1), pp. 450-458. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3792 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3792
  11. Kadowaki, W., Miyata, R., Fujinami, M., Sato, Y. and Kumazawa, S (2023) 'Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors from Calendula officinalis leaf', Molecules, 28(3), pp. 1333. doi:10.3390/molecules28031333 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031333
  12. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2018) 'European Union herbal monograph on Calendula officinalis L., flos, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-calendula-officinalis-l-flos-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-calendula-officinalis-l-flos-revision-1_en.pdf
  13. Hoffmann, D (2003) 'Medical Herbalism'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Medical%20Herbalism
  14. Nicolaus, C. et al (2017) 'A double-blind, randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a monograph-based Calendula cream versus a comparator cream', 35(1), pp. 81--89. Randomized trial
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20double-blind%2C%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20to%20investigate%20the%20efficacy%20and%20safety%20of%20a%20monograph-based%20Calendula%20cream%20versus%20a%20comparator%20cream
  15. Preethi, K.C. and Kuttan, R (2009) 'Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis', 20(1), pp. 73--79. doi:10.1515/jbcpp.2009.20.1.73 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp.2009.20.1.73
  16. Jimenez-Medina, E. and Garcia-Lora, A. and Paco, L. and Algarra, I. and Collado, A. and Garrido, F (2006) 'A new extract of the plant Calendula officinalis produces a dual in vitro effect: cytotoxic anti-tumor activity and lymphocyte activation', BMC Cancer, 6, pp. 119. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-119 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-119
  17. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.