Plant Comparison

Ground Elder vs Gotu Kola

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AGround ElderAegopodium podagrariaApiaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BGotu KolaCentella asiaticaApiaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Ground Elder and Gotu Kola: both belong to the Apiaceae family; they share 4 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, inflammation (general), skin irritation, …); 1 pharmacological action in common.

Ground ElderGotu Kola

Constituents32

Pharmacological actions47

Indicated uses915

Safety notes22

Cited sources1919

Indicated uses

Only Ground Elder

Back painHeadachePain (general)Urinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)

Shared (4)

Arthritis / joint painInflammation (general)Skin irritationSwelling / fluid retention

Only Gotu Kola

AnxietyBruisingCognitive functionEczemaHaemorrhoidsMemoryNervous tensionPsoriasisStressVaricose veinsWounds

Pharmacological actions

Only Ground Elder

Analgesic (pain relief)Anti-rheumatic / anti-arthriticDiuretic

Shared (1)

Anti-inflammatory

Only Gotu Kola

Anti-oedematous (reduces swelling)AntioxidantAnxiolytic / calmingNeuroprotective / cognition supportVenotonic / vasoprotectiveVulnerary (wound healing)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Ground Elder	Gotu Kola	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	2/10	Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)	1/10	2/10	Comparable evidence
Skin irritation	1/10	2/10	Comparable evidence
Swelling / fluid retention	1/10	8/10	Stronger for Gotu Kola

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Polyacetylenes (falcarindiol)^{[6, 10]}

Falcarindiol, a potent COX-1 inhibitor (IC50 0.3 microM), identified as a key anti-inflammatory constituent underlying the plant's traditional anti-rheumatic and analgesic use.

Flavonoids and phenolic compounds^[1]

Contribute to the plant's antioxidant activity.

FlavonoidsPhenolic compounds

Coumarins and essential oil^[1]

Minor aromatic and coumarin constituents of the aerial parts.

CoumarinsEssential (volatile) oil

Pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides (asiaticoside, madecassoside) and their aglycones (asiatic and madecassic acid)^[12]

The marker compounds and principal actives for wound healing, vascular and neuroprotective effects.

Glycosides

Flavonoids and essential oil^[12]

Antioxidant and aromatic supporting constituents.

Essential (volatile) oilFlavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[11, 12, 13]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13]}

Anti-rheumatic / anti-arthritic^{[1, 11, 12, 13]}

Diuretic^{[1, 11, 12, 13]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14]}

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; supports inflammatory skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis, ulcers)

Anti-oedematous (reduces swelling)^{[9, 14, 15, 16]}

Improves venous tone and microcirculation - supports chronic venous insufficiency / varicose veins and reduces leg swelling

Antioxidant^{[7, 11, 12, 14]}

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; supports inflammatory skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis, ulcers)

Anxiolytic / calming^[12]

Anxiolytic / calming (anxiety)

Neuroprotective / cognition support^{[8, 10, 12]}

Cognitive and memory support; neuroprotective

Venotonic / vasoprotective^{[9, 14, 15, 16]}

Improves venous tone and microcirculation - supports chronic venous insufficiency / varicose veins and reduces leg swelling

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 14]}

Wound healing and scar/collagen support (stimulates collagen synthesis and tissue repair)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-rheumatic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Back pain

Headache^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Headache

Inflammation (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Pain (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Pain (general)

Skin irritation^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Swelling / fluid retention^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

Urinary support^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Urinary support

Urinary tract infection (UTI)^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Anxiety^[12]Traditional · 1/10

Anxiolytic / calming (anxiety)

Evidence: 1

Label: Anxiety

Arthritis / joint pain^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bruising^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 2

Label: Bruising

Cognitive function^[17]Good · 7/10

Improves alertness and mood (raises alertness, reduces anger); a meta-analysis found no significant improvement in specific cognitive-function domains versus placebo

Evidence: 7

Label: Cognitive function

Eczema^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; supports inflammatory skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis, ulcers)

Evidence: 2

Label: Eczema

Haemorrhoids^{[14, 15, 16]}Good · 8/10

inferred from venotonic action

Evidence: 8

Label: Haemorrhoids

Inflammation (general)^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Inflammation (general)

Memory^[12]Traditional · 1/10

Cognitive and memory support; neuroprotective

Evidence: 1

Label: Memory

Nervous tension^[12]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anxiolytic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Nervous tension

Psoriasis^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; supports inflammatory skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis, ulcers)

Evidence: 2

Label: Psoriasis

Skin irritation^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Skin irritation

Stress^[12]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anxiolytic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Stress

Swelling / fluid retention^{[14, 15, 16]}Good · 8/10

Improves venous tone and microcirculation - supports chronic venous insufficiency / varicose veins and reduces leg swelling

Evidence: 8

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

Varicose veins^{[14, 15, 16]}Good · 8/10

Improves venous tone and microcirculation - supports chronic venous insufficiency / varicose veins and reduces leg swelling

Evidence: 8

Label: Varicose veins

Wounds^{[12, 14]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 2

Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[9, 11, 12, 13]}Caution

Generally safe as a food plant when young leaves are harvested. Contains furocoumarins (photosensitising compounds) — handling large quantities in bright sunlight may cause skin irritation. Individuals with Apiaceae allergies should exercise caution. Not recommended in therapeutic doses during pregnancy.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Info

Duke (2002) does not appear to include a dedicated entry for ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

Safety note^[12]Info

Generally well tolerated topically and orally; it can occasionally cause allergic contact dermatitis and, rarely, reversible elevation of liver enzymes with prolonged high oral doses.

Safety note^[12]Caution

May add to the effect of sedatives; use caution with other liver-affecting medicines. Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established, so avoid medicinal doses.

External Ids

Gbif: 3034620

Wikidata: Q217778

Gbif: 3034128

Wikidata: Q324714

Botanical Description

Vigorous, low, patch-forming perennial herb spreading rapidly by white, brittle, creeping rhizomes. The leaves are broad and twice-ternate (in threes of threes), with oval, sharply toothed leaflets, borne on long stalks. In summer it sends up hollow, grooved, unspotted green stems topped with flat umbels of small white flowers, typical of the carrot family. The whole plant smells mildly of parsley or carrot when crushed.^[1]

Height: 30-100 cm

Habit: Low, mat-forming, rhizomatous perennial herb

Leaves: Broad, twice-ternate, with oval sharply toothed leaflets in groups of three

Flowers: Small white flowers in flat compound umbels

Stem: Hollow, grooved, plain green (never purple-spotted)

Root: Thin, white, brittle, fast-spreading creeping rhizome

Fruit: Small ridged schizocarp typical of the carrot family

Flowering Period: May-July

Low, creeping perennial herb rooting at the nodes along slender, prostrate stems. The leaves are long-stalked, rounded to kidney- or fan-shaped, with a gently scalloped (crenate) margin, arising in small clusters at each node. Tiny, pinkish-white flowers are borne in small, inconspicuous clusters hidden near the base of the leaf stalks, close to the ground.^[12]

Height: 5-20 cm (creeping/prostrate)

Habit: Low, creeping, mat-forming perennial herb

Leaves: Long-stalked, rounded/kidney-shaped, scalloped margin, hairless

Flowers: Tiny, pinkish-white, in small inconspicuous clusters near the base of the leaf stalks

Stem: Slender, prostrate, rooting at the nodes

Root: Fine roots at each node

Fruit: Small, flattened, ridged schizocarp

Flowering Period: Year-round in favourable climates

Habitat

A common weed of gardens, hedgerows, shaded waste ground and disturbed soil, often near old dwellings; native to Europe and temperate Asia and widely naturalised elsewhere, where its invasive spreading rhizomes make it a persistent garden weed.^[1]

Grows in damp, shaded ground, lawns, ditches and wetland margins throughout tropical and subtropical Asia (China, India, Southeast Asia) and parts of Africa, Australia and the Pacific.^[12]

Harvesting

The young leaves and stems are gathered in spring, before flowering, when they are most tender and least bitter; the root can be dug at the same time. Careful identification against poisonous Apiaceae look-alikes (poison hemlock, hemlock water-dropwort, fool's parsley) is essential before harvesting.^[1]

Parts: Leaf, Root, Stem

Season: Spring, before flowering

The aerial parts (leaves and trailing stems) are harvested during active growth, cut a short distance above the soil to allow regrowth, and used fresh or dried.

Parts: Aerial parts (leaf and herb)

Season: During active growth (warm season)

Traditional Uses

Ground elder has long been used in European folk medicine as a remedy for gout and rheumatic and arthritic joint pain (reflected in the name 'podagraria', from podagra, gout), typically applied as a poultice or taken as a decoction. The young leaves have also been eaten as a spring pot-herb, valued for their nutrient content as well as their medicinal reputation.^[1]

Gotu kola is a cornerstone herb of Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, valued as a 'rasayana' (rejuvenating) tonic for skin healing, memory and mental clarity, and calming the mind; it has a particularly strong traditional and modern reputation for wound healing and connective-tissue/vascular support, reflected in its widespread use for scars, minor wounds and varicose veins.^[12]

Preparations

Decoction^[1]

Dried or fresh leaf, stem and root simmered in water as a traditional remedy for gout and rheumatic pain.

Poultice^[1]

Fresh leaves crushed or boiled and applied directly to gouty or arthritic joints.

Fresh leaf (culinary/medicinal)^[1]

Young spring leaves eaten as a cooked pot-herb, similarly to spinach, continuing the traditional food-medicine use.

Standardised extract^[12]

Extract titrated to triterpenoid (asiaticoside/madecassoside) content, taken orally as capsules/tablets for venous and cognitive support, or applied topically for wound and scar care.

Topical cream/ointment^[12]

Standardised extract or fresh leaf preparation applied topically to wounds, scars and inflamed skin.

References

REF-0719, REF-0720, REF-0721, REF-1688, REF-1689, REF-1690, REF-1691, REF-2560, REF-2561, REF-2562

REF-2087, REF-2088, REF-2089, REF-2090, REF-2091, REF-2092, REF-2093, REF-2094, REF-2095, REF-2096, REF-2097

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note^{[15, 16]}Fatal

Dangerous Plant: conium-maculatum

Confused Part: Young leaves and foliage gathered in spring, before flowering.

Confusion Context: Poison hemlock is a carrot-family plant with lacy foliage that can be mistaken for edible umbellifer greens; its alkaloid coniine causes an ascending paralysis that stops breathing, and even a small amount can be fatal. It grows in the same disturbed ground, hedgerows and waste places as ground elder.

Distinguishing Features: Ground elder leaves are in neat groups of three (twice-ternate) with broad, oval, sharply toothed leaflets. Poison hemlock leaves are finely divided, feathery and fern-like — not in groups of three., Poison hemlock has a hairless stem blotched and streaked with purple; ground elder's stem is plain green and grooved, never purple-spotted., Crushed ground elder smells mildly of parsley or carrot; crushed poison hemlock smells foul and musty ('mousy').

Key Test: Check the stem: purple blotches or streaks on a smooth, hairless stem = poison hemlock — do not eat. Ground elder has a plain green grooved stem, broad toothed leaflets in threes, and a mild parsley smell (never mousy).

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

Safety note^[17]Fatal

Dangerous Plant: oenanthe-crocata

Confused Part: Foliage (mistaken for celery or parsley) and roots (mistaken for parsnip), where the plant grows near water.

Confusion Context: Hemlock water-dropwort is probably the most poisonous plant in Britain; its toxin oenanthotoxin causes violent convulsions, and its parsnip-like roots and celery-like leaves have repeatedly been eaten by mistake, often fatally. It grows in and beside water.

Distinguishing Features: Habitat is the first filter: hemlock water-dropwort grows in or right beside water (wet ditches, streams, marshes); ground elder grows in dry gardens, hedgerows and disturbed ground., Hemlock water-dropwort has a cluster of pale, swollen, finger-like root tubers ('dead man's fingers'); ground elder spreads by thin white creeping rhizomes, not fleshy tubers.

Key Test: If the plant is growing in or at the edge of water and has a cluster of swollen finger-like root tubers, treat it as hemlock water-dropwort — do not touch the roots. Ground elder grows in dry ground from thin creeping rhizomes.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

Safety note^{[18, 19]}Dangerous

Dangerous Plant: aethusa-cynapium

Confused Part: Young leaves and foliage in spring.

Confusion Context: Fool's parsley is a common carrot-family weed of gardens and disturbed ground — named for being mistaken for parsley — that contains toxic polyacetylenes and can cause burning of the mouth, vomiting and neurological effects, especially in children.

Distinguishing Features: Fool's parsley leaves are finely dissected, thin, dark green and fern-like; ground elder leaves are broad, oval, toothed leaflets in neat groups of three — a coarser, very different leaf., In flower, fool's parsley shows three long, narrow bracteoles hanging down beneath each small flower cluster (a 'beard'); ground elder umbels have no such drooping beard., Crushed fool's parsley smells foul and acrid ('mousy'); ground elder smells mildly of parsley or carrot.

Key Test: Finely dissected fern-like leaves with a foul mousy smell — and, if flowering, a drooping three-part 'beard' under each little umbel — mean fool's parsley, not ground elder (which has broad toothed leaflets in threes and a mild parsley scent).

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

Safety note^{[18, 19]}Irritant

Dangerous Plant: ranunculus-repens

Confused Part: Leaves foraged at ground level - the long-stalked basal leaves growing in damp lawn, ditch and wetland turf.

Confusion Context: This is a habitat-and-silhouette confusion rather than a documented mass poisoning. Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) is one of the commonest low creeping herbs of the same damp lawns, ditches and wet ground where gotu kola is gathered, and at a glance its long-stalked, rounded, lobed, scallop-edged basal leaves read like the rounded scalloped leaves of gotu kola. No case series of gotu-kola-to-buttercup poisoning is on record, and the far more common gotu kola confusions (marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle, kidney weed Dichondra, brahmi Bacopa) are non-toxic wrong-plant errors rather than hazards. Creeping buttercup is singled out here because it is the one genuinely irritant plant sharing gotu kola's silhouette and habitat: its fresh sap contains protoanemonin, which causes contact dermatitis, blistering and burning irritation of the mouth and gut. The hazard is real but self-limiting - protoanemonin is destroyed on drying and the acrid, blistering taste discourages swallowing any quantity.

Distinguishing Features: Leaf division (decisive): gotu kola has ONE undivided, rounded/kidney/fan-shaped blade per stalk with a scalloped (crenate) margin. Creeping buttercup's basal leaves are DIVIDED into THREE separate stalked leaflets, each lobed and toothed. Count the leaflets: one undivided blade = gotu kola; three separate leaflets = buttercup., Hairiness: gotu kola leaves and creeping stems are essentially smooth and hairless; creeping buttercup stems and leaves are finely HAIRY., Flower: creeping buttercup bears the unmistakable glossy five-petalled yellow buttercup flower on an upright stalk. Gotu kola's flowers are tiny, pinkish-white and hidden at the leaf bases near the ground. Any bright yellow buttercup flower rules out gotu kola outright.

Key Test: Look at a single leaf on its stalk: gotu kola is ONE rounded, scalloped, hairless blade; creeping buttercup is THREE separate lobed, toothed, hairy leaflets. Three leaflets - or any glossy yellow buttercup flower - means it is not gotu kola; do not eat it.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dosage

Not documented

Standardised oral extract^[12]

Clinical studies commonly use extracts providing around 60-180 mg total triterpenoids daily, in divided doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Topical preparations^[13]

The EU herbal monograph on Centella asiatica herba is for CUTANEOUS USE ONLY and gives, for adults and elderly, a single dose of 0.6 g of the comminuted herb infused in a small amount of boiling water, the still-warm infusion applied as an impregnated dressing 3 times daily (daily dose 1.8 g); or 0.6 g of the powdered herb applied to the affected area 3 times daily. Not to be used for more than 1 week, and not recommended under 18 years. The monograph gives no oral posology - see the separate standardised-extract entry. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References & Sources

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Engelhardt, L., Pöhnl, T. and Neugart, S (2022) 'Edible Wild Vegetables Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L.: Antioxidants Affected by Processing', Plants (Basel), 11(20), pp. 2710. doi:10.3390/plants11202710 Preclinical
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Jakubczyk, K., Łukomska, A., Czaplicki, S., Wajs-Bonikowska, A., Gutowska, I. et al (2021) 'Bioactive Compounds in Aegopodium podagraria Leaf Extracts and Their Effects against Fluoride-Modulated Oxidative Stress in the THP-1 Cell Line', Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 14(12), pp. 1334. doi:10.3390/ph14121334 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121334
Tovchiga, O.V (2016) 'The influence of goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) tincture and metformin on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in dexamethasone-treated rats', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, pp. 235. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1221-y Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1221-y
Flieger, J. and Flieger, M (2020) 'The [DPPH/DPPH-H]-HPLC-DAD Method on Tracking the Antioxidant Activity of Pure Antioxidants and Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) Hydroalcoholic Extracts', Molecules, 25(24), pp. 6005. doi:10.3390/molecules25246005 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246005
Prior, R.M., Lundgaard, N.H., Light, M.E., Stafford, G.I., van Staden, J. and Jager, A.K (2007) 'The polyacetylene falcarindiol with COX-1 activity isolated from Aegopodium podagraria L', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), pp. 176-178. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.005 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.005
Niziol-Lukaszewska, Z., Zagorska-Dziok, M., Ziemlewska, A. and Bujak, T (2020) 'Comparison of the Antiaging and Protective Properties of Plants from the Apiaceae Family', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, pp. 5307614. doi:10.1155/2020/5307614 Preclinical
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Baranauskiene, R., Rackauskiene, I. and Venskutonis, P.R (2025) 'Characterization of Steam Volatiles and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Different Extracts from Leaves and Roots of Aegopodium podagraria L', Molecules, 30(24), pp. 4786. doi:10.3390/molecules30244786 Preclinical
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Ojala, T., Vuorela, P., Kiviranta, J., Vuorela, H. and Hiltunen, R (1999) 'A bioassay using Artemia salina for detecting phototoxicity of plant coumarins', Planta Medica, 65(8), pp. 715-718. doi:10.1055/s-1999-14049 Preclinical
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Schulte, K.E. and Wulfhorst, G (1977) 'Polyacetylene compounds from Aegopodium podagraria L', Archiv der Pharmazie, 310(4), pp. 285-298. doi:10.1002/ardp.19773100403 Preclinical
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
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King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock
Mitchell, M.I. and Routledge, P.A (1978) 'Hemlock water dropwort poisoning - a review', Clinical Toxicology, 12(4), pp. 417-26. doi:10.3109/15563657809150012 Clinical study
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Minnesota Wildflowers (2024) 'Aethusa cynapium (Fool's Parsley)'. Available at: https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley Traditional / reference
https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley

Bylka, W., Znajdek-Awizen, P., Studzinska-Sroka, E., Danczak-Pazdrowska, A. and Brzezinska, M (2014) 'Centella asiatica in dermatology: an overview', Phytotherapy Research, 28(8), pp. 1117-1124. doi:10.1002/ptr.5110 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5110
Bylka, W., Znajdek-Awizen, P., Studzinska-Sroka, E. and Brzezinska, M (2013) 'Centella asiatica in cosmetology', Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 30(1), pp. 46-49. doi:10.5114/pdia.2013.33378 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2013.33378
Park, K.S (2021) 'Pharmacological effects of Centella asiatica on skin diseases: evidence and possible mechanisms', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, pp. 5462633. doi:10.1155/2021/5462633 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5462633
Diniz, L.R.L., Calado, L.L., Duarte, A.B.S. and de Sousa, D.P (2023) 'Centella asiatica and its metabolite asiatic acid: wound healing effects and therapeutic potential', Metabolites, 13(2), pp. 276. doi:10.3390/metabo13020276 Meta-analysis / review
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Arribas-Lopez, E., Zand, N., Ojo, O., Snowden, M.J. and Kochhar, T (2022) 'A systematic review of the effect of Centella asiatica on wound healing', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), pp. 3266. doi:10.3390/ijerph19063266 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063266
Lin, P., Shi, H., Lu, Y. and Lin, J (2023) 'Centella asiatica alleviates psoriasis through JAK/STAT3-mediated inflammation: an in vitro and in vivo study', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 317, pp. 116746. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116746 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116746
Ratz-Lyko, A., Arct, J. and Pytkowska, K (2016) 'Moisturizing and antiinflammatory properties of cosmetic formulations containing Centella asiatica extract', Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78(1), pp. 27-33. doi:10.4103/0250-474x.180247 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474x.180247
Sun, B., Wu, L., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., Qin, L., Hayashi, M., Kudo, M., Gao, M. and Liu, T (2020) 'Therapeutic potential of Centella asiatica and its triterpenes: a review', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, pp. 568032. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.568032 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.568032
Razali, N.N.M., Ng, C.T. and Fong, L.Y (2019) 'Cardiovascular protective effects of Centella asiatica and its triterpenes: a review', Planta Medica, 85(16), pp. 1203-1215. doi:10.1055/a-1008-6138 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1008-6138
Sharma, R., Banerjee, S. and Sharma, R (2024) 'Role of Mandukparni (Centella asiatica Linn Urban) in neurological disorders: evidence from ethnopharmacology and clinical studies to network enrichment analysis', Neurochemistry International, 180, pp. 105865. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105865 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105865
Banerjee, O., Singh, S., Paul, T., Maji, B.K. and Mukherjee, S (2024) 'Centella asiatica mitigates the detrimental effects of Bisphenol-A (BPA) on pancreatic islets', Scientific Reports, 14(1), pp. 8043. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58545-2 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58545-2
Bandopadhyay, S., Mandal, S., Ghorai, M., Jha, N.K., Kumar, M., Radha, Ghosh, A., Prockow, J., Perez de la Lastra, J.M. and Dey, A (2023) 'Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review', Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. doi:10.1111/jcmm.17635 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17635
European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2018) 'European Union herbal monograph on Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., herba, Revision 1'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/european-union-herbal-monograph-centella-asiatica-l-urb-herba-revision-1_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/european-union-herbal-monograph-centella-asiatica-l-urb-herba-revision-1_en.pdf
Belcaro, G., Maquart, F.-X., Scoccianti, M., Dugall, M., Hosoi, M., Cesarone, M.R., Luzzi, R., Cornelli, U., Ledda, A. and Feragalli, B (2011) 'TECA (Titrated Extract of Centella Asiatica): new microcirculatory, biomolecular, and vascular application in preventive and clinical medicine. A status paper', Panminerva Medica. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=TECA%20%28Titrated%20Extract%20of%20Centella%20Asiatica%29%3A%20new%20microcirculatory%2C%20biomolecular%2C%20and%20vascular%20application%20in%20preventive%20and%20clinical%20medicine.%20A%20status%20paper
Chong, N.J. and Aziz, Z (2013) 'A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Centella asiatica for Improvement of the Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Venous Insufficiency', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi:10.1155/2013/627182 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/627182
Martinez-Zapata, M.J., Vernooij, R.W., Simancas-Racines, D., Uriona Tuma, S.M., Stein, A.T. and others (2020) 'Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub4 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub4
Puttarak, P., Dilokthornsakul, P., Saokaew, S., Dhippayom, T., Kongkaew, C. and others (2017) 'Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on cognitive function and mood related outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis', Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09823-9 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09823-9
Haupt, H (2001) 'Poisonous and less poisonous plants. 52', Kinderkrankenschwester, 20(8), pp. 335. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584174/ Traditional / reference
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584174/
North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox 'Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola, Asiatic Pennywort)'. Available at: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centella-asiatica/ Traditional / reference
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centella-asiatica/

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.