Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
This monograph compiles 5 pharmacological actions, 11 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 13 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.
Pharmacological Actions
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
more plants for arthritis / joint pain →detailed sources →inferred from expectorant action
more plants for bronchitis →detailed sources →inferred from expectorant action
more plants for cough →detailed sources →inferred from antimicrobial action
more plants for infection (general) →detailed sources →inferred from anti-inflammatory action
more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →inferred from anti-inflammatory action
more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →inferred from diuretic action
more plants for swelling / fluid retention →detailed sources →inferred from diuretic action
more plants for urinary support →detailed sources →inferred from diuretic action
more plants for urinary tract infection (uti) →detailed sources →inferred from antimicrobial action
more plants for wounds →detailed sources →Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally safe in normal amounts. Pine essential oil should not be ingested; topical use only in diluted form. May irritate airways in high concentrations. Allergic reactions to pine pollen and resin are common. Turpentine products are irritant and potentially toxic if ingested.
Duke (2002) rates Scotch pine as + and notes antiseptic, antibacterial (score 1), and bronchospasmolytic activities. Commission E (KOM) and PhEur (PIP) approve pine needle preparations for topical use in rheumatic and neuralgic conditions and for inhalations in upper respiratory catarrh. Duke cautions that pine needle oil should not be inhaled by patients with severe asthma, whooping cough, or laryngospasm. Pine bud preparations are traditionally used for bronchitis and sinus congestion. Dose: 100–200 mg essential oil in ointment or cream for topical use (Duke, 2002).
References
REF-1233, REF-1234, REF-1235, REF-1236, REF-1237, REF-1238, REF-1239, REF-1240, REF-1241, REF-1242References & Sources
- Jurado, P., Uruen, C., Martinez, S., Lain, E. and others (2023) 'Essential oils of Pinus sylvestris, Citrus limon and Origanum vulgare exhibit high bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus suis', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 168, pp. 115703. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115703 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115703 - Csikos, E., Cseko, K., Kemeny, A., Draskoczi, L. and others (2022) 'Pinus sylvestris L. and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry Essential Oils Inhibit Endotoxin-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity despite Aggravated Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mice', Molecules, 27(12), pp. 3868. doi:10.3390/molecules27123868 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123868 - Allenspach, M., Valder, C., Flamm, D., Grisoni, F. and others (2020) 'Verification of Chromatographic Profile of Primary Essential Oil of Pinus sylvestris L. Combined with Chemometric Analysis', Molecules, 25(13), pp. 2973. doi:10.3390/molecules25132973 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132973 - Allenspach, M., Valder, C., Flamm, D. and Steuer, C (2021) 'Authenticity control of Pinus sylvestris essential oil by chiral gas chromatographic analysis of alpha-pinene', Scientific Reports, 11(1), pp. 16923. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96356-x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96356-x - Rodrigues, A.M., Mendes, M.D., Lima, A.S., Barbosa, P.M. and others (2017) 'Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils Chemotypes and Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Enantiomers', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(1), pp. e1600153. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201600153 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600153 - Judzentiene, A., Stikliene, A. and Kupcinskiene, E (2007) 'Changes in the essential oil composition in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under anthropogenic stress', The Scientific World Journal, 7(Suppl 1), pp. 141-150. doi:10.1100/tsw.2007.36 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.36 - Hoai, N.T., Duc, H.V., Thao, D.T., Orav, A. and others (2015) 'Selectivity of Pinus sylvestris extract and essential oil to estrogen-insensitive breast cancer cells', Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(Suppl 2), pp. S290-S295. doi:10.4103/0973-1296.166052 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.166052 - Fayemiwo, K.A., Adeleke, M.A., Okoro, O.P., Awojide, S.H. and others (2014) 'Larvicidal efficacies and chemical composition of essential oils of Pinus sylvestris and Syzygium aromaticum against mosquitoes', Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(1), pp. 30-34. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60204-5 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60204-5 - Scalas, D., Mandras, N., Roana, J., Tardugno, R. and others (2018) 'Use of Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae), Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), and Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) essential oils and their main components to enhance itraconazole activity against azole susceptible/not-susceptible Cryptococcus neoformans strains', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1), pp. 143. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2219-4 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2219-4 - Suntar, I., Tumen, I., Ustun, O., Keles, H. and others (2012) 'Appraisal on the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils obtained from the cones and needles of Pinus species by in vivo and in vitro experimental models', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139(2), pp. 533-540. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.045 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.045 - Bakkali, F. et al (2008) 'Biological effects of essential oils — a review', 46(2), pp. 446--475. Preclinical
Find this source - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
Find this source - Sousa, A. et al (2010) 'Proanthocyanidins from Pinus pinaster bark', 71(1), pp. 64--72. Traditional / reference
Find this source
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