← All plants

Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

Family ZingiberaceaeParts used Fruit, SeedAlso known as Green cardamom, true cardamom, small cardamom, “elaichi” Note: Not the same as black cardamom — that one is smokier and used differently in cooking

This monograph compiles 4 pharmacological actions, 9 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 15 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antimicrobial[1, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antioxidant[1, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Digestive aid[1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for arthritis / joint pain →detailed sources →
Bloating[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

more plants for bloating →detailed sources →
Cardiovascular / heart health[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10
more plants for cardiovascular / heart health →detailed sources →
Indigestion[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

more plants for indigestion →detailed sources →
Infection (general)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

more plants for infection (general) →detailed sources →
Inflammation (general)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →
Respiratory support[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10
more plants for respiratory support →detailed sources →
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →
Wounds[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

more plants for wounds →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Caution

Cardamom is generally considered safe for most people when used in culinary amounts. At medicinal doses (supplement form), rare side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort and allergic reactions. There are no well-documented serious drug interactions at culinary doses. Cardamom may mildly lower blood pressure — caution if combined with antihypertensive medications. Some sources suggest potential gallstone formation with very high doses, as cardamom may stimulate bile flow. Avoid therapeutic doses during pregnancy until more safety data are available; culinary use is considered safe. Allergy to other Zingiberaceae (ginger, turmeric) may indicate cross-reactivity risk (Korikanthimath and Hiremath, 2002).

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Caution

Duke (2002) provides clinical support (score 2) for cardamom as a cholagogue, antiviral agent, and appetite stimulant. Commission E and the German PDR (PHR) approve it for loss of appetite and bronchitis (score 2). The essential oil shows antispasmodic and carminative activity. Dose: 1.5 g ground fruit or equivalent preparation three times daily. Duke rates cardamom as generally safe (++), with no significant contraindications at therapeutic doses (Duke, 2002).

References

REF-1668, REF-1669, REF-1670, REF-1671, REF-1672, REF-1673, REF-1674, REF-1675, REF-1676, REF-1677

References & Sources

  1. Ashokkumar, K., Murugan, M., Dhanya, M.K. and Warkentin, T.D (2019) 'Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton] - A critical review', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 246, pp. 112244. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112244 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112244
  2. Jamal, A., Javed, K., Aslam, M. and Jafri, M.A (2006) 'Gastroprotective effect of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton. fruits in rats', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(2), pp. 149-153. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.016 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.016
  3. Yahyazadeh, R., Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M., Razavi, B.M., Karimi, G. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2021) 'The effect of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) on the metabolic syndrome: Narrative review', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 24(11), pp. 1462-1469. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2021.54417.12228 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2021.54417.12228
  4. Cardenas Garza, G.R., Elizondo Luevano, J.H., Bazaldua Rodriguez, A.F., Chavez Montes, A., Perez Hernandez, R.A. and Martinez Delgado, A.J (2021) 'Benefits of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants', Plants, 10(9), pp. 1908. doi:10.3390/plants10091908 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091908
  5. Sreedharan, S., Nair, V. and Cisneros-Zevallos, L (2023) 'Protective Role of Phenolic Compounds from Whole Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) against LPS-Induced Inflammation in Colon and Macrophage Cells', Nutrients, 15(13), pp. 2965. doi:10.3390/nu15132965 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132965
  6. Almeer, R.S., Alnasser, M., Aljarba, N. and AlBasher, G.I (2021) 'Effects of Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) and its combination with cyclophosphamide on Ehrlich solid tumors', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21(1), pp. 133. doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03305-2 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03305-2
  7. Almohammed, H.I., Alkhaibari, A.M. and Alanazi, A.D (2022) 'Antiparasitic effects of Elettaria cardamomum L. essential oil and its main compounds, 1,8-Cineole alone and in combination with albendazole against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces', Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(4), pp. 2811-2818. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.005 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.005
  8. Pavarino, M., Marengo, A., Cagliero, C., Bicchi, C., Rubiolo, P. and Sgorbini, B (2023) 'Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Essential Oil: An Interesting Source of Bioactive Specialized Metabolites as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase', Plants, 12(19), pp. 3463. doi:10.3390/plants12193463 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193463
  9. Masoumi-Ardakani, Y., Mahmoudvand, H., Mirzaei, A., Esmaeilpour, K., Ghazvini, H. and Khalifeh, S (2017) 'The effect of Elettaria cardamomum extract on anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 87, pp. 489-495. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.116 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.116
  10. Delgadillo-Puga, C., Torre-Villalvazo, I., Carino-Cervantes, Y.Y., Garcia-Luna, C., Soberanes-Chavez, P. and de Gortari, P (2023) 'Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Seeds Intake Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Fat Mass in Mice by Modulating Neural Circuits That Regulate Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Liver and Skeletal Muscle', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), pp. 3909. doi:10.3390/ijms24043909 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043909
  11. Bhilave, M.P., Bhosale, S.V. and Nadaf, S.B (2013) 'Evaluation of antibacterial activity of cardamom seeds of Elettaria cardamomum', 4(1), pp. 66--69. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  12. Jamal, A., Javed, K., Aslam, M. and Jafri, M.A (2006) 'Gastroprotective effect of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum (Maton) Fruits in Rats', 103(2), pp. 149--153. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.040 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.040
  13. Korikanthimath, V.S. and Hiremath, G.M (2002) 'Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)', pp. 144--157. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:796793-1 Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:796793-1
  15. Verma, S.K., Jain, V. and Katewa, S.S (2009) 'Blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)', 46(6), pp. 503--506. Traditional / reference
    Find this source

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: book+pubmed · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

omniasana.bio · Single-Plant Monograph

Generated June 22, 2026 from omniasana.bio