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Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Bay Leaf

Laurus nobilis

Family LauraceaeParts used Fruit, Leaf, SeedAlso known as Bay Laurel, Sweet Bay, True Laurel, Laurel Leaf

This monograph compiles 7 pharmacological actions, 14 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 15 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Anti-inflammatory[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antimicrobial[2, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Antioxidant[2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Digestive aid[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Neuroprotective / cognition support[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for arthritis / joint pain →detailed sources →
Back pain[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

more plants for back pain →detailed sources →
Bloating[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

more plants for bloating →detailed sources →
Bruising[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

more plants for bruising →detailed sources →
Cognitive function[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

more plants for cognitive function →detailed sources →
Headache[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

more plants for headache →detailed sources →
Indigestion[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

more plants for indigestion →detailed sources →
Infection (general)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

more plants for infection (general) →detailed sources →
Inflammation (general)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →
Memory[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

more plants for memory →detailed sources →
Pain (general)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10
more plants for pain (general) →detailed sources →
Respiratory support[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10
more plants for respiratory support →detailed sources →
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →
Wounds[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

more plants for wounds →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Caution

Generally safe when used in food amounts. Not toxic to people and safe to cook with. Leaves are very rigid and leathery - should be removed before eating as they don't soften with cooking and edges can be sharp. Insufficient reliable information about safety during pregnancy or breastfeeding - stick to food amounts. Large amounts of bay leaf tea may cause vomiting (emetic properties) and drowsiness (sedative properties). In high doses, bay laurel has cytotoxic activity. Some people may experience allergic contact dermatitis from bay laurel oil.

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Caution

Duke (2002) notes antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities for bay laurel, primarily at the experimental level. The essential oil contains eugenol and 1,8-cineole as principal bioactive components. Traditional dosages in European phytotherapy include 1–3 g of dried leaf as a tea. Caution is advised as the essential oil may cause allergic contact dermatitis, and bay berries should not be confused with the less toxic leaves (Duke, 2002).

References

REF-1678, REF-1679, REF-1680, REF-1681, REF-1682, REF-1683, REF-1684, REF-1685, REF-1686, REF-1687

References & Sources

  1. Hammoodi, O.T., Alkhilani, M.A., Alhayani, W.A., Al-Nuaimy, W. and Tala'a, A.A (2024) 'Effects of Laurus nobilis Leaf Extract on Healing of Experimentally Induced Wounds in Rabbits', Veterinary Medicine International, 2024, pp. 2889480. doi:10.1155/2024/2889480 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2889480
  2. Caputo, L., Nazzaro, F., Souza, L.F., Aliberti, L., De Martino, L. and Fratianni, F (2017) 'Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activities', Molecules, 22(6), pp. 930. doi:10.3390/molecules22060930 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060930
  3. Bourebaba, N., Kornicka-Garbowska, K., Marycz, K., Bourebaba, L. and Kowalczuk, A (2021) 'Laurus nobilis ethanolic extract attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cell line through the reduction of oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis', Mitochondrion, 59, pp. 190-213. doi:10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.003 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.003
  4. Dobroslavic, E., Repajic, M., Dragovic-Uzelac, V. and Elez Garofulic, I (2022) 'Isolation of Laurus nobilis Leaf Polyphenols: A Review on Current Techniques and Future Perspectives', Foods, 11(2), pp. 235. doi:10.3390/foods11020235 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11020235
  5. Chbili, C., Maoua, M., Zaouali, M., Selmi, M., Kacem, I. and Mrizek, N (2022) 'Evaluation of daily Laurus nobilis tea consumption on anxiety and stress biomarkers in healthy volunteers', Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 160(3-4), pp. 136-146. doi:10.12871/000398292022343 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.12871/000398292022343
  6. Chbili, C., Maoua, M., Selmi, M., Mrad, S., Khairi, H. and Limem, K (2020) 'Evaluation of Daily Laurus nobilis Tea Consumption on Lipid Profile Biomarkers in Healthy Volunteers', Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(8), pp. 733-738. doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1727787 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1727787
  7. Bouadid, I., Amssayef, A. and Eddouks, M (2023) 'Study of the Antihypertensive Effect of Laurus nobilis in Rats', Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 21(1), pp. 42-54. doi:10.2174/1871525720666220512154041 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1871525720666220512154041
  8. Mohammed, R.R., Omer, A.K., Yener, Z., Uyar, A. and Ahmed, A.K (2020) 'Biomedical effects of Laurus nobilis L. leaf extract on vital organs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Experimental research', Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 61, pp. 188-197. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.051 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.051
  9. Uchiyama, N., Matsunaga, K., Kiuchi, F., Honda, G., Tsubouchi, A. and Nakajima-Shimada, J (2002) 'Trypanocidal terpenoids from Laurus nobilis L', Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 50(11), pp. 1514-1516. doi:10.1248/cpb.50.1514 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.50.1514
  10. Saab, A.M., Guerrini, A., Zeino, M., Wiench, B., Rossi, D. and Gambari, R (2015) 'Laurus nobilis L. Seed Extract Reveals Collateral Sensitivity in Multidrug-Resistant P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Tumor Cells', Nutrition and Cancer, 67(4), pp. 664-675. doi:10.1080/01635581.2015.1019632 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2015.1019632
  11. Elansary HO, et al. Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activities. Biomolecules. 2018;8 (2018) ';8(3):98', 8(3). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152719/ Traditional / reference
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152719/
  12. Fernandes F, et al. Laurus nobilis Leaves and Fruits: A Review of Metabolite Composition and Interest in Human Health. Applied Sciences. 2023;13 (2023) ';13(7):4606', 13(7). Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/7/4606 Traditional / reference
    https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/7/4606
  13. Ramos C, et al. Bay Leaf. In: Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Academic Press; 2019:269-276. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7152419/ (2019) ':269-276'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7152419/ Traditional / reference
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7152419/
  14. Singletary KW. Bay Leaf: Potential Health Benefits. Nutrition Today. 2021;55 (2021) ';55(4):184-193', 55(4). Available at: https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2021/07000/bay_leaf__potential_health_benefits.8.aspx Traditional / reference
    https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2021/07000/bay_leaf__potential_health_benefits.8.aspx
  15. University of Arizona Campus Arboretum. Medicinal Plant Virtual Tour - Bay Laurel. https://arboretum.arizona.edu/medicinal-plant-virtual-tour-bay-laurel. Available at: https://arboretum.arizona.edu/medicinal-plant-virtual-tour-bay-laurel Traditional / reference
    https://arboretum.arizona.edu/medicinal-plant-virtual-tour-bay-laurel

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: book+pubmed · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

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Generated June 22, 2026 from omniasana.bio