Plant Comparison

Goldenrod vs Feverfew

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AGoldenrodSolidago virgaureaAsteraceaeFull monograph →

Plant BFeverfewTanacetum partheniumAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Goldenrod and Feverfew: both belong to the Asteraceae family; they share 3 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, inflammation (general), skin irritation); 1 pharmacological action in common.

GoldenrodFeverfew

Constituents32

Pharmacological actions41

Indicated uses77

Safety notes22

Cited sources1716

Indicated uses

Only Goldenrod

Cancer (anticancer research)Swelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)

Shared (3)

Arthritis / joint painInflammation (general)Skin irritation

Only Feverfew

FeverHeadacheMigrainePain (general)

Pharmacological actions

Only Goldenrod

Anticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantDiuretic

Shared (1)

Anti-inflammatory

Only Feverfew

none

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Goldenrod	Feverfew	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	8/10	Stronger for Feverfew
Inflammation (general)	2/10	8/10	Stronger for Feverfew
Skin irritation	1/10	8/10	Stronger for Feverfew

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Saponins^[12]

Studied constituents of the aerial parts.

Saponins

Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin)^[1]

Contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

FlavonoidsQuercetinRutin

Phenolic acids and diterpenes^[1]

Minor supporting constituents.

Phenolic acids

Sesquiterpene lactones (parthenolide)^{[8, 9, 11, 12, 13]}

Parthenolide is the principal active compound, to which extracts are often standardised; it is biosynthesised and stored in the glandular trichomes of the aerial parts.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenesParthenolide

Flavonoids and essential oil^[11]

Supporting antioxidant and aromatic constituents.

Essential (volatile) oilFlavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 13]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^[6]

Antioxidant^{[1, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]}

Diuretic^{[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[3, 7, 11, 12]}

Anti-inflammatory - parthenolide inhibits NF-kB and nitroglycerin-induced neuronal (Fos) activation, the proposed basis of its antimigraine action

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Inflammation (general)^{[2, 11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Inflammation (general)

Skin irritation^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Swelling / fluid retention^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

Urinary support^{[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]}Good · 7/10

Evidence: 7

Label: Urinary support

Urinary tract infection (UTI)^{[4, 11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 2

Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Arthritis / joint pain^{[3, 11]}Good · 8/10

Traditional use for fever and for joint pain / arthritis

Evidence: 8

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Fever^{[3, 11]}Good · 8/10

Traditional use for fever and for joint pain / arthritis

Evidence: 8

Label: Fever

Headache^{[1, 6, 11]}Strong · 9/10

Headache prevention and relief

Evidence: 9

Label: Headache

Inflammation (general)^{[7, 11, 12]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 8

Label: Inflammation (general)

Migraine^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12]}Strong · 10/10

Migraine prophylaxis - reduces attack frequency (evidence favourable for some standardised preparations, though mixed); parthenolide is identified as the component responsible for the antimigraine effect in animal models

Evidence: 10

Label: Migraine

Pain (general)^[11]Good · 7/10

Traditional use for fever and for joint pain / arthritis

Evidence: 7

Label: Pain (general)

Skin irritation^{[11, 12]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 8

Label: Skin irritation

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13]}Caution

Generally well tolerated. Not recommended in cases of fluid retention due to impaired cardiac or renal function. Ensure adequate fluid intake when using as a diuretic. May cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae plants. Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Caution

Duke (2002) provides clinical evidence (score 2) for goldenrod's anti-inflammatory activity, consistent with Commission E approval. It is also classified as an aquaretic (increases urine output without electrolyte loss) and antispasmodic, used for urinary tract irrigation therapy. Dose: 6–12 g dried herb daily as tea for urinary complaints. Duke cautions against use in cases of edema from renal or cardiac insufficiency, and notes that the herb may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae plants (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^[11]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae), it can cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants. Chewing fresh leaves commonly causes mouth ulcers and oral soreness.

Safety note^[11]Caution

Stopping feverfew abruptly after prolonged use can cause a 'post-feverfew' rebound of headache, anxiety and muscle/joint stiffness. Avoid in pregnancy (uterine-stimulant) and breastfeeding, and use caution with anticoagulant/antiplatelet medicines.

External Ids

Gbif: 6446462

Wikidata: Q599435

Gbif: 3118430

Wikidata: Q818481

Botanical Description

Perennial herb (Asteraceae), 20-100 cm tall, with erect, often reddish, downy or smooth stems. Leaves are alternate, lance-shaped and toothed. Numerous small, bright yellow, daisy-like flower heads are clustered into branched, plume-like terminal sprays, followed by small ribbed achenes with a tuft of hairs (pappus).^[1]

Height: 20-100 cm

Habit: Erect perennial herb

Leaves: Alternate, lance-shaped, toothed

Flowers: Small, bright yellow, daisy-like, in branched plume-like sprays

Stem: Erect, often reddish, downy or smooth

Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock

Fruit: Small ribbed achenes with a hairy pappus

Flowering Period: July-October

Aromatic perennial herb (Asteraceae), 20-60 cm tall, with much-branched, downy stems. Leaves are yellow-green, bipinnately divided and strongly scented. Small, daisy-like flower heads have white ray florets and a flat yellow disc, borne in loose clusters.^[13]

Height: 20-60 cm

Habit: Erect, much-branched, aromatic perennial herb

Leaves: Yellow-green, bipinnately divided, strongly scented

Flowers: Small, daisy-like, white ray florets around a flat yellow disc

Stem: Much-branched, downy

Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock

Fruit: Small ribbed achenes (typical Asteraceae)

Flowering Period: June-September

Habitat

Native throughout Europe and temperate Asia, growing on dry grassland, woodland clearings, heaths and rocky ground; less aggressively spreading than the North American Solidago canadensis, with which it is sometimes confused.^{[1, 11]}

Native to the Balkans and Caucasus region, now naturalised across Europe, North America and elsewhere; grows on disturbed ground, walls, roadsides and waste places, and is widely cultivated.^[11]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts are cut during flowering (late summer) and dried.^[11]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem

Season: Late summer, during flowering

Leaves (aerial parts) are gathered during the growing season, ideally at flowering, and dried or used fresh.^[13]

Parts: Leaf (aerial parts)

Season: Growing season, ideally at flowering

Traditional Uses

Goldenrod has a long European folk-medicine tradition as a mild 'aquaretic' diuretic and anti-inflammatory remedy for the urinary tract, used traditionally for urinary-tract irrigation therapy alongside adequate fluid intake, and topically as a wound herb (one common name is 'woundwort'). Modern phytochemical work confirms saponin- and flavonoid-driven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and diuretic activity.^{[1, 11]}

Feverfew has a long European folk tradition, its name derived from 'febrifuge' (fever-reducer), as a remedy for fevers, headaches and joint pain. Modern use and clinical research focus on migraine prevention, with parthenolide identified as the key active compound responsible for inhibiting the inflammatory pathways implicated in migraine.^[11]

Preparations

Infusion (tea)^[11]

Dried aerial parts steeped in hot water - the classic urinary-tract preparation.

Standardised leaf extract (capsule)^[11]

Freeze-dried or standardised-parthenolide extract, the form used in most clinical trials.

Dosage

Infusion (tea)^{[11, 12, 13]}

Duke (2002): about 6-12 g dried herb daily as tea for urinary complaints. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in fluid retention from cardiac or renal impairment.

Standardised extract^{[11, 12]}

Clinical trials for migraine prevention have most often used standardised extracts providing around 0.2-0.6% parthenolide, taken daily; do not stop abruptly after prolonged use given a documented 'post-feverfew' rebound syndrome. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in pregnancy and with anticoagulants.

References

REF-1045, REF-1046, REF-1047, REF-1048, REF-1049, REF-1050, REF-1051, REF-1052, REF-1053, REF-1054

REF-1572, REF-1573, REF-1574, REF-1575, REF-1576, REF-1577, REF-1578, REF-1579, REF-1580, REF-1581

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17]}Dangerous

Dangerous Plant: jacobaea-vulgaris

Confused Part: Yellow-flowered plant gathered for its flowering tops; toxic ragwort shares the yellow colour and the same rough grassland.

Confusion Context: Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) is gathered for its yellow flowering tops. As foraging guidance notes, goldenrod has toxic look-alikes - notably ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris / Senecio jacobaea), a yellow-flowered weed of the same rough grassland. Ragwort contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause cumulative liver damage and can be fatal, with highest risk once the plant is cut or dried into herbal material or hay. Because both are yellow-flowered plants of the same ground, correct identification matters before gathering.

Distinguishing Features: Flowers (decisive): goldenrod carries many tiny flower heads packed into a plume or spray. Ragwort has larger, open, daisy-like yellow flowers (with about 13 spreading ray petals) in flat-topped clusters, and fewer heads., Leaves: goldenrod leaves are simple, lance-shaped and toothed; ragwort leaves are blunter, deeply lobed and ruffled ('kale-like')., Timing: ragwort tends to flower earlier than goldenrod.

Key Test: Look at the flower heads. Many tiny florets in a feathery plume on a leafy stem = goldenrod. Larger open daisy-like yellow flowers with about 13 petals and ruffled lobed leaves = ragwort - liver-toxic, do not gather it.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^[14]Caution

Drug Class: anticoagulants-antiplatelets

Mechanism: Feverfew and its component parthenolide inhibit platelet aggregation and serotonin release, so combining it with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase bleeding risk.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Pairings

Not documented

Feverfew and ginger both reduce blood clotting/platelet stickiness, so taking them together may add up and raise the risk of bruising or bleeding — use caution, especially before surgery or alongside blood-thinning drugs.^{[14, 15, 16]}

Partner Id: zingiber-officinale

Type: caution

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121619
Abdel Motaal, A., Ezzat, S.M., Tadros, M.G. and El-Askary, H.I (2016) 'In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from Solidago virgaurea in rats', Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12), pp. 2864-2870. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1190381 Preclinical
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Précheur, I., Rolland, Y., Hasseine, L., Orange, F. and others (2020) 'Solidago virgaurea L. Plant Extract Targeted Against Candida albicans to Reduce Oral Microbial Biomass: A Double Blind Randomized Trial on Healthy Adults', Antibiotics, 9(4), pp. 137. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040137 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040137
Wojnicz, D., Tichaczek-Goska, D., Glensk, M. and Hendrich, A.B (2021) 'Is It Worth Combining Solidago virgaurea Extract and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Rods? An In Vitro Model Study', Pharmaceutics, 13(4), pp. 573. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13040573 Preclinical
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Starks, C.M., Williams, R.B., Goering, M.G., O'Neil-Johnson, M. and others (2010) 'Antibacterial clerodane diterpenes from Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)', Phytochemistry, 71(1), pp. 104-109. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.032 Preclinical
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Bader, G., Binder, K., Hiller, K. and Zwintscher, U (1990) 'The saponins from Solidago virgaurea L', 45(8), pp. 618--622. Traditional / reference
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
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Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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Grow Forage Cook Ferment 'Foraging Goldenrod (Solidago): Identification and Uses'. Available at: https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-goldenrod/ Traditional / reference
https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-goldenrod/
Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board 'Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)'. Available at: https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort Traditional / reference
https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort
Schneider, J. and Tsegaye, Y. and W/Tensae, M. and G/Selassie, S. and Haile, T. and Bane, A. and Ali, A. and Mesfin, G. and Seboxa, T (2012) 'Veno-occlusive liver disease: a case report', Ethiopian Medical Journal, 50 Suppl 2, pp. 47-51. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22946295/ Clinical study
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Ernst, E. and Pittler, M.H (2000) 'The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): an update of a systematic review', Public Health Nutrition, 3(4A), pp. 509-514. doi:10.1017/s1368980000000598 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000598
Pittler, M.H., Vogler, B.K. and Ernst, E (2000) 'Feverfew for preventing migraine', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), pp. CD002286. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002286 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002286
Pareek, A., Suthar, M., Rathore, G.S. and Bansal, V (2011) 'Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review', Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), pp. 103-110. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79105 Meta-analysis / review
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Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J. and Drummond, P.D (2020) 'Herbal treatments for migraine: A systematic review of randomised-controlled studies', Phytotherapy Research, 34(10), pp. 2493-2517. doi:10.1002/ptr.6701 Meta-analysis / review
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Pfaffenrath, V., Diener, H.C., Fischer, M., Friede, M. and Henneicke-von Zepelin, H.H (2002) 'The efficacy and safety of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) in migraine prophylaxis - a double-blind, multicentre, randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study', Cephalalgia, 22(7), pp. 523-532. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00396.x Randomized trial
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Goldenrod monograph Feverfew monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.