Plant Comparison

Common Sorrel vs Clove

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
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Plant ACommon SorrelRumex acetosaPolygonaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BCloveSyzygium aromaticumMyrtaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Common Sorrel and Clove: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, indigestion, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

Common SorrelClove
Constituents43
Pharmacological actions56
Indicated uses1012
Safety notes22
Cited sources1614
Indicated uses
Only Common Sorrel
Swelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Shared (7)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingIndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Clove
Back painCancer (anticancer research)HeadacheOral & throat healthPain (general)
Pharmacological actions
Only Common Sorrel
Diuretic
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntioxidantDigestive aid
Only Clove
Analgesic (pain relief)Anticancer (preclinical)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionCommon SorrelCloveVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/102/10Comparable evidence
Bloating1/101/10Comparable evidence
Indigestion2/101/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)2/101/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/101/10Comparable evidence
Wounds1/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Oxalic acid and oxalates[11]

Gives the leaf its characteristic sour taste; the basis for the caution around kidney stones and mineral absorption at high intakes.

Anthraquinones[3]

Minor constituents typical of the Rumex genus, studied alongside other isolated compounds for antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

Anthraquinones
Flavonoids and tannins[7]

Contribute to antioxidant and mild astringent activity.

FlavonoidsTannins
Vitamin C[11]

The basis for the plant's traditional antiscorbutic (anti-scurvy) reputation.

Essential oil (eugenol)[1, 2]

Eugenol typically makes up the great majority of clove oil and is responsible for most of its analgesic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.

Essential (volatile) oilEugenol
Flavonoids and phenolic acids[3]

Contribute additional antioxidant activity.

FlavonoidsPhenolic acids
Tannins[2]

Contribute mild astringency.

Tannins

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Antimicrobial[3, 8, 11, 12, 13]
Antioxidant[7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Digestive aid[9, 11, 12, 13]
Diuretic[11, 12, 13]
Analgesic (pain relief)[2, 11, 12, 13]
Anti-inflammatory[2, 3, 8, 11, 12, 13]
Anticancer (preclinical)[10]
Antimicrobial[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13]
Antioxidant[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13]
Digestive aid[9, 11, 12, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Indigestion[3, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 2
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[3, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[10, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[8, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[8, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Back pain[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Back pain
Bloating[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Cancer (anticancer research)[10]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Headache[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Headache
Indigestion[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[5, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Oral & throat health[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Oral & throat health
Pain (general)[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Pain (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

High in oxalates (the sour taste): Large, frequent amounts can be a bad idea if you’re prone to kidney or bladder stones, or certain “rheumatic-type” complaints (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, n.d.). Moderation matters: Measured oxalate levels in leaves can be high, and researchers recommend treating sorrel more like an occasional delicacy than a daily staple (Tuazon-Nartea & Savage, 2013). Mineral binding: Oxalic acid can reduce how much calcium you absorb from a meal (Tuazon-Nartea & Savage, 2013). Sensitive stomach/mouth: Very sour leaves can irritate some people (common-sense caution; strongest source is the oxalate discussion above). Pregnancy/lactation: As a normal food herb in culinary amounts is generally considered fine, but avoid high-dose “medicinal” use because safety data are limited (Bello et al., 2019). Foraging safety (important): Sorrel can accumulate heavy metals depending on where it grows; avoid harvesting near roads/industrial areas (Gawęda, 2009).

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Caution

Duke (2002) rates sorrel as ++ and notes diuretic, antiscorbutic (high vitamin C), and depurative activities at experimental and folkloric levels. The plant is traditionally used for anemia, fever, and scurvy prevention. High oxalic acid content is an important consideration — excessive consumption can promote kidney stone formation (oxalate stones) and may be harmful in individuals with gout or existing kidney disease. Duke advises limiting medicinal use and avoiding in those with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

Strong and concentrated: Clove oil is very potent and should always be diluted before skin or mouth use.Dental use: Undiluted clove oil can burn gums or skin.Blood thinning: Clove may increase bleeding risk in large amounts or with anticoagulants.Pregnancy: Culinary amounts are fine; medicinal doses should be used cautiously.Children: Essential oil should be used with extra caution and diluted well.

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Caution

Duke (2002) rates cloves as +++ with clinical evidence (score 2) for analgesic activity — specifically, topical application of clove oil (eugenol) for dental pain is clinically validated. The plant also shows strong antimicrobial, antifungal (anti-Candida), antispasmodic, and antiviral activities at the experimental level. Commission E approves topical clove preparations for dental pain. Recommended dose: 1–5% clove oil preparation (topical) or 150 mg clove powder internally. The essential oil is irritating to mucous membranes and should not be applied undiluted to skin or mucous membranes (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 2888951
Wikidata: Q26297
Gbif: 3183002
Wikidata: Q26736

Botanical Description

Perennial herb (Polygonaceae), 30-100 cm tall, with erect, often reddish, ridged flowering stems. Basal leaves are arrow- (hastate-) shaped with backward-pointing basal lobes, and sour-tasting from oxalic acid content. Tiny reddish-brown flowers are borne in narrow, branched spikes; the species is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.[11]

Height: 30-100 cm
Habit: Erect perennial herb, dioecious
Leaves: Arrow- (hastate-) shaped with backward-pointing basal lobes, sour-tasting
Flowers: Tiny, reddish-brown, in narrow branched spikes
Stem: Erect, often reddish, ridged
Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock
Fruit: Small three-angled achenes
Flowering Period: May-June, fruiting through summer

Evergreen tree (Myrtaceae), 8-12 m tall (occasionally to 20 m), with a pyramidal crown. Leaves are glossy, elliptical and aromatic. Small crimson flowers are borne in terminal clusters; the unopened flower buds, picked before they open and dried, are the 'cloves' of commerce and the medicinal/culinary part used.[2]

Height: 8-12 m (occasionally to 20 m)
Habit: Evergreen tree with a pyramidal crown
Leaves: Glossy, elliptical, aromatic
Flowers: Small, crimson, in terminal clusters; unopened buds are the harvested cloves
Stem: Woody, branching
Root: Deep woody root system
Fruit: Small drupe ("mother clove"), less commonly harvested than the flower bud
Flowering Period: Variable, often twice a year in tropical climates

Habitat

Native throughout Europe and temperate Asia, common in meadows, grassland, pastures and roadside verges on a wide range of soils, tolerating both damp and dry ground.[11]

Native to the Maluku Islands (Moluccas, the historic 'Spice Islands') of Indonesia, now cultivated throughout the tropics, notably Zanzibar, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, in warm, humid, well-drained tropical conditions.[2]

Harvesting

Leaves are gathered fresh in spring and early summer, before flowering, when they are most tender and least bitter. Avoid harvesting near roads or industrial areas, given the plant's tendency to accumulate heavy metals.[11]

Parts: Leaf, Stem
Season: Spring to early summer, before flowering

Unopened flower buds are hand-picked while still green-pink, just before they would open, then sun-dried until they turn dark reddish-brown - the familiar clove spice.[2]

Parts: Flower
Season: Before the flower buds open

Traditional Uses

Common sorrel has a long European culinary-medicinal tradition as a refreshing, vitamin-C-rich spring green and digestive bitter, and folk-medicinally as a diuretic and mild antiscorbutic (anti-scurvy) remedy. Modern research confirms antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of its leaf extracts.[11]

Clove has an ancient trade history and a long traditional use across Asian, African and European medicine as a dental analgesic (chewed or applied as oil for toothache), a digestive carminative, and an antiseptic. Modern research on its principal constituent eugenol supports strong analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, with clove oil remaining a recognised topical dental-pain remedy.[2]

Preparations

Fresh leaf (culinary)[11]

Eaten raw in salads or cooked into soups - the traditional spring tonic use.

Infusion (tea)[11]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water, a traditional digestive/diuretic preparation.

Whole clove (culinary/chewed)[2]

Whole dried flower buds chewed or infused for digestive and dental use.

Clove oil (topical, diluted)[11, 12, 13]

The classic dental-pain remedy, applied to the affected tooth/gum, always diluted.

Dosage

Fresh leaf / infusion[11]

Sorrel is best treated as an occasional food rather than a daily medicinal herb, given its oxalate content; traditional infusions use roughly 2-4 g dried leaf per cup, taken occasionally rather than regularly. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid large or frequent amounts if prone to kidney stones or gout.

Clove oil / powder[11, 12, 13]

Duke (2002): a 1-5% clove oil preparation topically, or about 150 mg clove powder internally. Educational reference only, not a prescription; never apply undiluted oil to skin or mucous membranes.

References

REF-0890, REF-0891, REF-0892, REF-0893, REF-0894, REF-0895, REF-0896, REF-0897, REF-0898, REF-0899
REF-1074, REF-1075, REF-1076, REF-1077, REF-1078, REF-1079, REF-1080, REF-1081, REF-1082, REF-1083

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[15, 16]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: arum-maculatum
Confused Part: Young arrow-shaped spring leaves gathered as a tangy salad or pot herb; lords-and-ladies pushes up similar arrow-shaped leaves in the same season.
Confusion Context: Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) is foraged in spring for its lemony arrow-shaped leaves. Lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum, cuckoo-pint) unfurls similar arrow- to heart-shaped leaves at the same time and, as the Foraging Course Company notes, can be confused with common sorrel. Arum is one of the commonest causes of plant-poisoning hospital visits: every part contains sharp calcium oxalate crystals that cause intense burning and swelling of the mouth and throat, and severe cases can cause life-threatening throat swelling. Because young sorrel and young Arum both appear as arrow-shaped leaves in spring, this is a genuine hazard.
Distinguishing Features: Flower (decisive when present): lords-and-ladies has an unmistakable hooded flower - a pale green-and-purple cowl (spathe) wrapped around a finger-like spadix. Sorrel has tall slender stems of tiny reddish-brown flowers. A hooded cowl means Arum, never sorrel., Leaf lobes and veins: sorrel leaves have sharply pointed basal lobes that angle backwards and simple veins; Arum leaves are broader and glossy with rounded basal lobes, a netted (reticulate) vein pattern, and are often marked with dark purple-black blotches., Taste (sorrel only - never taste a suspected Arum): true sorrel is soft and pleasantly lemony-sour, whereas Arum is acrid and instantly burns the lips. If any burning or tingling starts, spit it out at once. Do not taste-test unless the flower or leaves have already confirmed sorrel.
Key Test: Look for the flower and leaf detail. A hooded green-purple cowl (spathe), glossy dark leaves with rounded lobes, netted veins and dark blotches = lords-and-ladies (Arum) - do not eat; it burns the mouth and throat. Slim reddish flower spikes with matt leaves, sharp backward-pointing lobes and a pleasant lemony taste = sorrel. If in any doubt, do not eat it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

References & Sources

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  2. Oh, D.R., Kim, Y., Choi, E.J., Jung, M.A. and others (2025) 'Rumex acetosa L. enhances learning and cognitive function by modulating NMDA receptor and BDNF pathways in vitro and in vivo', Metabolic Brain Disease, 40(5), pp. 185. doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01608-8 Preclinical
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  3. Kang, Y.M., Lee, K.Y., An, H.J. and others (2023) 'Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Six Major Compounds Isolated from Rumex acetosa', ACS Omega, 8(45), pp. 42548-42554. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05282 Preclinical
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  4. Sun, Y.Y., Su, X.H., Jin, J.Y., Zhou, J. and others (2015) 'Rumex acetosa L. induces vasorelaxation in rat aorta via activation of PI3-kinase/Akt- and Ca2+-eNOS-NO signaling in endothelial cells', Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 66(6), pp. 907-915. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26769840/ Preclinical
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  5. Selbach, S., Klocke, A., Peters, U., Beckert, S. and others (2021) 'Microbiological and Clinical Effects of a Proanthocyanidin-enriched Extract from Rumex acetosa in Periodontally Healthy Carriers of Porphyromonas gingivalis: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study', Planta Medica, 89(11), pp. 1052-1062. doi:10.1055/a-1728-2249 Randomized trial
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  7. Feduraev, P., Skrypnik, L., Nebreeva, S., Dzhobadze, G. and others (2022) 'Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)', Antioxidants (Basel), 11(2), pp. 311. doi:10.3390/antiox11020311 Preclinical
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  8. Li, J.J., Li, Y.X., Li, N., Zhu, H.T. and others (2022) 'The genus Rumex (Polygonaceae): an ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological review', Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 12(1), pp. 21. doi:10.1007/s13659-022-00346-z Traditional / reference
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  9. Prakash Mishra, A., Sharifi-Rad, M., Shariati, M.A., Mabkhot, Y.N. and others (2018) 'Bioactive compounds and health benefits of edible Rumex species - A review', Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(8), pp. 27-34. doi:10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.5 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.5
  10. Pan, Y., Zhao, X., Kim, S.H., Kang, S.A. and others (2020) 'Anti-inflammatory effects of Beopje curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and its active compounds', Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(7), pp. e13291. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13291 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13291
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    https://powo.science.kew.org
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    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  15. Foraging Course Company 'Foraging Guide: Lords and Ladies (Arum maculatum)'. Available at: https://www.foragingcoursecompany.co.uk/post/foraging-guide-lords-and-ladies Traditional / reference
    https://www.foragingcoursecompany.co.uk/post/foraging-guide-lords-and-ladies
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  1. Haro-Gonzalez, J.N., Castillo-Herrera, G.A., Martinez-Velazquez, M. and Espinosa-Andrews, H (2021) 'Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health', Molecules, 26(21), pp. 6387. doi:10.3390/molecules26216387 Meta-analysis / review
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.