Plant Comparison

Blackberry Leaf vs Raspberry Leaf

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

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Second plant
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Plant ABlackberry LeafRubus fruticosusRosaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BRaspberry LeafRubus idaeusRosaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Blackberry Leaf and Raspberry Leaf: both belong to the Rosaceae family; they share 3 indicated uses (diarrhoea, skin irritation, wounds); 2 pharmacological actions in common.

Blackberry LeafRaspberry Leaf
Constituents33
Pharmacological actions63
Indicated uses96
Safety notes21
Cited sources914
Indicated uses
Only Blackberry Leaf
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Infection (general)Inflammation (general)Oral & throat healthSore throat
Shared (3)
DiarrhoeaSkin irritationWounds
Only Raspberry Leaf
Menstrual crampsPMS / premenstrual syndromePregnancy support
Pharmacological actions
Only Blackberry Leaf
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntioxidant
Shared (2)
AntidiarrhoealAstringent
Only Raspberry Leaf
Emmenagogue / uterine tonic

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionBlackberry LeafRaspberry LeafVerdict
Diarrhoea2/105/10Stronger for Raspberry Leaf
Skin irritation2/106/10Stronger for Raspberry Leaf
Wounds2/105/10Stronger for Raspberry Leaf

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins)[8, 9]

The astringent principles of the leaf.

Tannins
Flavonoids and phenolic acids (including gallic acid)[9]

Antioxidant and antibacterial constituents.

Phenolic acidsGallic acidFlavonoids
Vitamin C and minerals (iron)[8]

Minor nutritive constituents of the leaf.

Tannins[1, 8]

Astringent constituents of the leaf.

Tannins
Flavonoids and the alkaloid fragarine[1, 2]

Fragarine is the constituent proposed to give the uterine-toning effect.

FlavonoidsAlkaloids
Vitamin C and minerals[1]

Nutritive constituents.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[4, 6, 7, 8]

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Anticancer (preclinical)[6]
Antidiarrhoeal[5, 8, 9]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Antimicrobial[5, 6, 9]
Antioxidant[4, 5, 6, 9]
Astringent[8, 9]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Antidiarrhoeal[1]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins)

Astringent[1]

Astringent for menstrual cramps (traditional); Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins)

Emmenagogue / uterine tonic[1, 7, 13, 14]

Traditional uterine tonic taken in late pregnancy to tone the uterus and support labour - one small double-blind RCT found a shorter second stage of labour and fewer forceps deliveries (no effect on the first stage), alongside observational signals; robust proof is still lacking

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[8]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Diarrhoea[8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Evidence: 2
Label: Diarrhoea
Infection (general)[9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Oral & throat health[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Oral & throat health
Skin irritation[8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[7, 8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds
Diarrhoea[1]Moderate · 5/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins)

Evidence: 5
Label: Diarrhoea
Menstrual cramps[1, 7, 11]Moderate · 5/10

Astringent for menstrual cramps (traditional)

Evidence: 5
Label: Menstrual cramps
PMS / premenstrual syndrome[1, 11, 13, 14]Good · 7/10

inferred from emmenagogue action

Evidence: 7
Label: PMS / premenstrual syndrome
Pregnancy support[1, 10]Moderate · 6/10
Evidence: 6
Label: Pregnancy support
Skin irritation[1, 5, 9, 12]Moderate · 6/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 6
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[1]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[8]Info

Tannin-rich: high or prolonged intake may cause stomach upset or constipation and can reduce the absorption of iron and some medicines taken at the same time.

Safety note[8]Info

Traditional use only; diarrhoea that persists (especially in children) needs medical assessment and attention to rehydration.

Safety note[1, 13]Caution

Despite widespread popular use, there is no robust (randomised-trial) evidence of efficacy or safety. Use in pregnancy should be discussed with a midwife or doctor and is generally reserved for the last few weeks rather than early pregnancy.

External Ids

Gbif: 8436459
Wikidata: Q13541716
Gbif: 2993094
Wikidata: Q12252383

Botanical Description

Scrambling, thorny deciduous shrub (Rosaceae) forming dense thickets, with arching prickly stems that root at the tip. Leaves are palmately compound, usually with 3-5 toothed leaflets. White to pale pink, five-petalled flowers are followed by clusters of small drupelets forming the blackberry fruit, ripening from red to glossy black.[8]

Height: Scrambling/arching canes, typically 1-3 m
Habit: Scrambling, thorny, thicket-forming shrub
Leaves: Palmately compound, usually 3-5 toothed leaflets
Flowers: White to pale pink, five-petalled
Stem: Arching, prickly, rooting at the tip
Root: Woody perennial root system
Fruit: Cluster of drupelets, ripening red to glossy black
Flowering Period: June-August

Deciduous, thicket-forming shrub (Rosaceae), 1-2 m tall, with upright, prickly, biennial canes (vegetative in the first year, fruiting in the second). Leaves are pinnate with 3-7 toothed leaflets, whitish-felted beneath. Small white, five-petalled flowers are followed by the aggregate red raspberry fruit, a cluster of drupelets.[2]

Height: 1-2 m
Habit: Deciduous, thicket-forming shrub with biennial canes
Leaves: Pinnate, 3-7 toothed leaflets, whitish-felted beneath
Flowers: Small, white, five-petalled
Stem: Upright, prickly canes
Root: Spreading suckering root system
Fruit: Aggregate red raspberry (cluster of drupelets)
Flowering Period: May-June

Habitat

Native throughout Europe and widely naturalised elsewhere, an aggressive coloniser of hedgerows, woodland edges, scrub and waste ground. 'Rubus fruticosus' is a taxonomically complex aggregate comprising hundreds of closely related microspecies.[8]

Native to Europe and northern Asia, widely cultivated as a fruit crop and naturalised on woodland edges, hedgerows and disturbed ground in temperate regions.[2]

Harvesting

Leaves are picked fresh throughout the growing season and dried for tea; berries are picked in late summer once fully ripe.[8]

Parts: Leaf
Season: Leaf throughout the growing season

Leaves are picked fresh during the growing season - before or during flowering is considered optimal - and dried; fruit is picked when fully ripe in summer.[2]

Parts: Leaf
Season: Leaf before/during flowering; fruit in summer

Traditional Uses

Blackberry leaf has a long European folk-medicine tradition as an astringent gargle for sore throat and mouth ulcers, and as a remedy for mild diarrhoea, reflecting its high tannin content; the berries themselves are valued as a nutritious, antioxidant-rich food.[8]

Raspberry leaf has a long, very widely known folk tradition as a 'pregnancy tea', taken in the final weeks of pregnancy as a uterine tonic to prepare for labour. Observational studies and a small randomised controlled trial suggest a possible modest effect on labour duration, though robust proof is still lacking.[1, 13]

Preparations

Infusion (tea)[8]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water, taken internally or used as a gargle/mouthwash.

Gargle/mouthwash[8]

A stronger leaf infusion used topically for sore throat and mouth irritation.

Infusion (tea)[1]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water - the classic late-pregnancy preparation.

Standardised leaf extract[2]

Used in some observational and clinical research.

Dosage

Infusion (tea)[8]

Traditional guidance suggests roughly 2-4 g dried leaf per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, or used as a gargle at similar strength. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)[1, 13]

Popular guidance and observational studies generally describe starting raspberry-leaf tea or tablets in the last few weeks of pregnancy, at roughly 1-3 cups of tea daily; use should be discussed with a midwife or doctor given the lack of robust trial evidence. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0713, REF-0714, REF-0715, REF-2548, REF-2549, REF-2550, REF-2551
REF-0497, REF-1536, REF-1537, REF-1538, REF-1539, REF-1540, REF-1541, REF-1542, REF-1543, REF-2574, REF-2575, REF-2576

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Riaz, M., De Feo, V., Jaafar, H.Z.E. and Moga, M (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus L.: constituents, biological activities and health related uses', Molecules, 19(8), pp. 10998-11029. doi:10.3390/molecules190810998 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190810998
  2. Monforte, M.T., Smeriglio, A., Germanò, M.P., Pergolizzi, S., Circosta, C. and Galati, E.M (2018) 'Evaluation of antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and gastroprotective properties of Rubus fruticosus L. fruit juice', Phytotherapy Research, 32(7), pp. 1404-1414. doi:10.1002/ptr.6078 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6078
  3. Barbieri, F., Montanari, C., Šimat, V., Skroza, D., Čagalj, M. et al (2022) 'Effects of Rubus fruticosus and Juniperus oxycedrus derivatives on culturability and viability of Listeria monocytogenes', Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp. 13158. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17408-4 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17408-4
  4. Sung, N.S., Uhm, S.H., Kang, H.B., Lee, N.S., Jeong, Y.G., Kim, D.K., Sung, N.Y., Kim, D.S., Yoo, Y.C. and Han, S.Y (2023) 'Rubus fruticosus leaf extract inhibits vascular dementia-induced memory impairment and neuronal loss by attenuating neuroinflammation', Anatomy & Cell Biology, 56(4), pp. 494-507. doi:10.5115/acb.23.195 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.23.195
  5. Verma, R., Gangrade, T., Punasiya, R. and Ghulaxe, C (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) use as an herbal medicine', Pharmacognosy Reviews, 8(16), pp. 101-104. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.134239 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134239
  6. Gil-Martinez, L., Mut-Salud, N., Ruiz-Garcia, J.A., Falcon-Pineiro, A., Maijo-Ferre, M., Banos, A., De la Torre-Ramirez, J.M., Guillamon, E., Verardo, V. and Gomez-Caravaca, A.M (2023) 'Phytochemicals Determination, and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Blackberry Fruits', Foods, 12(7), pp. 1505. doi:10.3390/foods12071505 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071505
  7. Van de Velde, F., Esposito, D., Grace, M.H., Pirovani, M.E. and Lila, M.A (2018) 'Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of polyphenolic extracts from strawberry and blackberry fruits', Food Research International, 121, pp. 453-462. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059
  8. Verma, R., Gangrade, T., Punasiya, R. and Ghulaxe, C (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) use as an herbal medicine', Pharmacognosy Reviews. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4127818/ Preclinical
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4127818/
  9. Grabek-Lejko, D., Milek, M., Sidor, E., Puchalski, C. and Dzugan, M (2022) 'Antiviral and Antibacterial Effect of Honey Enriched with Rubus spp. as a Functional Food with Enhanced Antioxidant Properties', Molecules, pp. as. doi:10.3390/molecules27154859 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154859
  1. Bowman, R.L., Taylor, J. and Davis, D.L (2024) 'Raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus) use in pregnancy: a prospective observational study', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04465-7 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04465-7
  2. Mostafa, H.S. and others (2020) 'Phenolic Composition, Mineral Content, and Beneficial Bioactivities of Leaf Extracts from Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.), Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa)', Nutrients, 12(2), pp. 463. doi:10.3390/nu12020463 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020463
  3. Bijak, M., Saluk-Bijak, J. and others (2016) 'The influence of Rubus idaeus and Rubus caesius leaf extracts on platelet aggregation in whole blood. Cross-talk of platelets and neutrophils', Platelets, 27(5), pp. 433-439. doi:10.3109/09537104.2015.1131254 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3109/09537104.2015.1131254
  4. Valdes, M. and others (2022) 'Rubus idaeus extract improves symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients: results from a phase II double-blind randomized controlled trial', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 23(1), pp. 650. doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05612-2 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05612-2
  5. Campos, P.M. and others (2020) 'Anti-aging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A split-face, randomized controlled trial', Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(3), pp. 671-676. doi:10.1111/jocd.13305 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13305
  6. Bednarski, M. and others (2014) 'CD39/NTPDase-1 expression and activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells are differentially regulated by leaf extracts from Rubus caesius and Rubus idaeus', Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 19(2), pp. 291-304. doi:10.2478/s11658-014-0202-8 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-014-0202-8
  7. Rojas-Vera, J., Patel, A.V. and Dacke, C.G (2002) 'Relaxant activity of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaf extract in guinea-pig ileum in vitro', Phytotherapy Research, 16(7), pp. 665-668. doi:10.1002/ptr.1040 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1040
  8. Raudone, L. and others (2022) 'In Vitro Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Stem Extracts', Molecules, 27(13), pp. 4073. doi:10.3390/molecules27134073 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134073
  9. Cugnetto, M.L. and others (2015) 'An oil-soluble extract of Rubus idaeus cells enhances hydration and water homeostasis in skin cells', International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(4), pp. 428-433. doi:10.1111/ics.12236 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12236
  10. Socha, M.W., Flis, W., Wartega, M., Szambelan, M., Pietrus, M. and Kazdepka-Zieminska, A (2023) 'Raspberry Leaves and Extracts-Molecular Mechanism of Action and Its Effectiveness on Human Cervical Ripening and the Induction of Labor', Nutrients, 15(14), pp. 3206. doi:10.3390/nu15143206 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143206
  11. Jianu, E.M., Pop, R.M., Gherman, L.M., Ranga, F., Levai, A.M., Rus, V., Bolboaca, S.D., Stefan, R.A., Onofrei, M.M., Nati, I.D., Stoia, I.A., Stefan, P.A., Mihu, C. and Mihu, C.M (2024) 'The Effect of Rubus idaeus Polyphenols Extract in Induced Endometriosis in Rats', Molecules, 29(4), pp. 778. doi:10.3390/molecules29040778 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040778
  12. Cyboran-Mikolajczyk, S., Meczarska, K., Solarska-Sciuk, K., Ratajczak-Wielgomas, K., Oszmianski, J., Jencova, V. and Bonarska-Kujawa, D (2022) 'Protection of Erythrocytes and Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Damage by Fragaria vesca L. and Rubus idaeus L. Leaves Extracts - The Mechanism of Action', Molecules, 27(18), pp. 5865. doi:10.3390/molecules27185865 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185865
  13. Farnaghi, S. and Braniff, K (2022) 'Survey of Raspberry Leaf Tea in pregnancy', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. doi:10.1111/ajo.13496 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13496
  14. Simpson, M., Parsons, M., Greenwood, J. and Wade, K (2001) 'Raspberry leaf in pregnancy: its safety and efficacy in labor', Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 46(2), pp. 51--59. doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(01)00095-2 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1016/s1526-9523(01)00095-2

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.