Plant Comparison

Blackcurrant vs Goldenrod

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant ABlackcurrantRibes nigrumGrossulariaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BGoldenrodSolidago virgaureaAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Blackcurrant and Goldenrod: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, inflammation (general), skin irritation, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.

BlackcurrantGoldenrod
Constituents33
Pharmacological actions54
Indicated uses117
Safety notes22
Cited sources1417
Indicated uses
Only Blackcurrant
Cardiovascular / heart healthCold & fluEye strain / eye healthImmune supportInfection (general)
Shared (6)
Arthritis / joint painInflammation (general)Skin irritationSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Only Goldenrod
Cancer (anticancer research)
Pharmacological actions
Only Blackcurrant
AntiviralImmunomodulator / immune support
Shared (3)
Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantDiuretic
Only Goldenrod
Anticancer (preclinical)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionBlackcurrantGoldenrodVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain5/101/10Stronger for Blackcurrant
Inflammation (general)5/102/10Stronger for Blackcurrant
Skin irritation5/101/10Stronger for Blackcurrant
Swelling / fluid retention5/101/10Stronger for Blackcurrant
Urinary support5/107/10Stronger for Goldenrod
Urinary tract infection (UTI)5/102/10Stronger for Blackcurrant

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin glycosides)[1]

Give the berries their deep colour and are the principal antioxidant constituents.

Anthocyanins
Vitamin C and polyphenols[9]

The fruit is exceptionally rich in vitamin C, contributing to its traditional cold/flu use.

Phenolic compounds
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, seed oil)[3]

The seed oil is a well-known plant source of the omega-6 fatty acid GLA.

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)
Saponins[12]

Studied constituents of the aerial parts.

Saponins
Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin)[1]

Contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

FlavonoidsQuercetinRutin
Phenolic acids and diterpenes[1]

Minor supporting constituents.

Phenolic acids

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Antioxidant[9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Antiviral[11, 12, 13]
Diuretic[11, 12, 13]
Immunomodulator / immune support[9, 11, 12, 13]
Anti-inflammatory[1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 13]
Anticancer (preclinical)[6]
Antioxidant[1, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Diuretic[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cardiovascular / heart health[6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13]Moderate · 6/10
Evidence: 6
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Cold & flu[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 5
Label: Cold & flu
Eye strain / eye health[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10
Evidence: 5
Label: Eye strain / eye health
Immune support[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10
Evidence: 5
Label: Immune support
Infection (general)[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 5
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Inflammation (general)[2, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]Good · 7/10
Evidence: 7
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[4, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 2
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

Fruit (berries) • Generally safe as food for most people; adverse effects mainly GI discomfort or allergy in sensitive individuals. • If using high-dose extracts, use extra caution with blood-thinners/anticoagulants (evidence is not definitive, but polyphenol-rich supplements are often treated cautiously in practice). Leaf (folium) • EMA classifies blackcurrant leaf as a traditional herbal medicinal product (not “well-established use”): minor joint pain and urinary-tract flushing. • Typical label cautions (EMA-style): not recommended <18, avoid if you have edema due to impaired heart/kidney function, and seek medical advice if urinary symptoms persist/worsen. • Pregnancy/lactation: food use is fine, but medicinal leaf dosing is generally used cautiously due to limited robust safety data. Seed (seed oil) • Usually well tolerated, but may cause GI upset in some people. • Caution with anticoagulants/antiplatelet drugs (PUFA supplements are often used cautiously here). • Note: some trials explored maternal/infant contexts, but that does not automatically mean “recommended in pregnancy” outside medical supervision.

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Info

Duke (2002) rates blackcurrant fruit highly (+++), with evidence for anti-inflammatory, angioprotective, and antioxidant activities. Ribes nigrum extracts showed the richest anthocyanin and polyphenol content in antioxidant studies, outperforming many other common berries. Clinical use is supported for diarrhea, colds, and flu. The high vitamin C and anthocyanin content underpin its vasoprotective effects. The fruit is treated as food-grade medicine and is classified as generally safe (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

Generally well tolerated. Not recommended in cases of fluid retention due to impaired cardiac or renal function. Ensure adequate fluid intake when using as a diuretic. May cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae plants. Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data.

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Caution

Duke (2002) provides clinical evidence (score 2) for goldenrod's anti-inflammatory activity, consistent with Commission E approval. It is also classified as an aquaretic (increases urine output without electrolyte loss) and antispasmodic, used for urinary tract irrigation therapy. Dose: 6–12 g dried herb daily as tea for urinary complaints. Duke cautions against use in cases of edema from renal or cardiac insufficiency, and notes that the herb may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae plants (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 2986192
Wikidata: Q146604
Gbif: 6446462
Wikidata: Q599435

Botanical Description

Deciduous shrub (Grossulariaceae), 1-2 m tall, aromatic when the leaves are crushed. Leaves are palmately lobed (3-5 lobes), toothed, with resinous glands on the underside. Small, greenish-white to dull purple, bell-shaped flowers are borne in drooping racemes, followed by clusters of glossy black berries.

Height: 1-2 m
Habit: Deciduous shrub
Leaves: Palmately lobed (3-5 lobes), toothed, resin-glanded beneath, aromatic
Flowers: Small, greenish-white to dull purple, bell-shaped, in drooping racemes
Stem: Woody, multi-stemmed
Root: Fibrous woody root system
Fruit: Clusters of glossy black berries
Flowering Period: April-May

Perennial herb (Asteraceae), 20-100 cm tall, with erect, often reddish, downy or smooth stems. Leaves are alternate, lance-shaped and toothed. Numerous small, bright yellow, daisy-like flower heads are clustered into branched, plume-like terminal sprays, followed by small ribbed achenes with a tuft of hairs (pappus).[1]

Height: 20-100 cm
Habit: Erect perennial herb
Leaves: Alternate, lance-shaped, toothed
Flowers: Small, bright yellow, daisy-like, in branched plume-like sprays
Stem: Erect, often reddish, downy or smooth
Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock
Fruit: Small ribbed achenes with a hairy pappus
Flowering Period: July-October

Habitat

Native to central and northern Europe and Siberia, growing in damp woodland, fens, riverbanks and hedgerows; widely cultivated commercially as a fruit crop in cool-temperate climates.

Native throughout Europe and temperate Asia, growing on dry grassland, woodland clearings, heaths and rocky ground; less aggressively spreading than the North American Solidago canadensis, with which it is sometimes confused.[1, 11]

Harvesting

Berries are hand- or machine-harvested in mid- to late summer once fully ripe and black. Leaves are gathered in late spring to early summer, before flowering fades, for the medicinal leaf preparation. Seed oil is cold-pressed from the seeds after juicing.

Parts: Fruit, Leaf, Seed
Season: Berries mid-late summer; leaf late spring-early summer

The flowering aerial parts are cut during flowering (late summer) and dried.[11]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Late summer, during flowering

Traditional Uses

Blackcurrant has a long northern-European food-medicine tradition: the vitamin-C- and anthocyanin-rich berries have traditionally been used for colds, flu and general vitality, while the leaf has an official EU traditional-use registration for minor joint pain and as a urinary-tract flush, and the seed oil is valued as a source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Modern research confirms broad antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and vasoprotective activity across the fruit, leaf and seed oil.[11, 12, 13]

Goldenrod has a long European folk-medicine tradition as a mild 'aquaretic' diuretic and anti-inflammatory remedy for the urinary tract, used traditionally for urinary-tract irrigation therapy alongside adequate fluid intake, and topically as a wound herb (one common name is 'woundwort'). Modern phytochemical work confirms saponin- and flavonoid-driven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and diuretic activity.[1, 11]

Preparations

Leaf infusion (tea)[11, 12, 13]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water - the traditional joint-comfort/urinary-flush preparation.

Standardised fruit extract[1, 4]

Concentrated anthocyanin extract used in some clinical research.

Infusion (tea)[11]

Dried aerial parts steeped in hot water - the classic urinary-tract preparation.

Dosage

Leaf infusion[11, 12, 13]

EMA-style traditional-use guidance for the leaf suggests roughly 2-4 g dried leaf per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, for short-term joint or urinary support (not recommended under 18, or with fluid retention linked to heart/kidney disease). Berries and juice are food-safe at normal dietary amounts. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)[11, 12, 13]

Duke (2002): about 6-12 g dried herb daily as tea for urinary complaints. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in fluid retention from cardiac or renal impairment.

References

REF-1243, REF-1244, REF-1245, REF-1246, REF-1247, REF-1248, REF-1249, REF-1250, REF-1251, REF-1252
REF-1045, REF-1046, REF-1047, REF-1048, REF-1049, REF-1050, REF-1051, REF-1052, REF-1053, REF-1054

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note[15, 16, 17]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: jacobaea-vulgaris
Confused Part: Yellow-flowered plant gathered for its flowering tops; toxic ragwort shares the yellow colour and the same rough grassland.
Confusion Context: Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) is gathered for its yellow flowering tops. As foraging guidance notes, goldenrod has toxic look-alikes - notably ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris / Senecio jacobaea), a yellow-flowered weed of the same rough grassland. Ragwort contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause cumulative liver damage and can be fatal, with highest risk once the plant is cut or dried into herbal material or hay. Because both are yellow-flowered plants of the same ground, correct identification matters before gathering.
Distinguishing Features: Flowers (decisive): goldenrod carries many tiny flower heads packed into a plume or spray. Ragwort has larger, open, daisy-like yellow flowers (with about 13 spreading ray petals) in flat-topped clusters, and fewer heads., Leaves: goldenrod leaves are simple, lance-shaped and toothed; ragwort leaves are blunter, deeply lobed and ruffled ('kale-like')., Timing: ragwort tends to flower earlier than goldenrod.
Key Test: Look at the flower heads. Many tiny florets in a feathery plume on a leafy stem = goldenrod. Larger open daisy-like yellow flowers with about 13 petals and ruffled lobed leaves = ragwort - liver-toxic, do not gather it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Lee, Y., Pham, T.X., Bae, M., Hu, S. and others (2019) 'Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Prevents Obesity-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice', Obesity (Silver Spring), 27(1), pp. 112-120. doi:10.1002/oby.22353 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22353
  2. da Costa, P., Schetinger, M.R.C., Baldissarelli, J., Stefanello, N. and others (2024) 'Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) improves cholinergic signaling and protects against chronic scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice', Journal of Psychopharmacology, 38(12), pp. 1170-1183. doi:10.1177/02698811241273776 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241273776
  3. Nanashima, N., Horie, K., Yamanouchi, K., Tomisawa, T. and others (2020) 'Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Extract Prevents Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Ovariectomized Rats', Nutrients, 12(5), pp. 1541. doi:10.3390/nu12051541 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051541
  4. Lee, Y. and Lee, J.Y (2019) 'Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Extract Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Action by Modulating Macrophage Phenotypes', Nutrients, 11(5), pp. 975. doi:10.3390/nu11050975 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11050975
  5. Lappi, J., Raninen, K., Vakevainen, K., Karlund, A. and others (2020) 'Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) lowers sugar-induced postprandial glycaemia independently and in a product with fermented quinoa: a randomised crossover trial', British Journal of Nutrition, 126(5), pp. 708-717. doi:10.1017/S0007114520004468 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520004468
  6. Horie, K., Maeda, H., Nanashima, N. and Oey, I (2021) 'Potential Vasculoprotective Effects of Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Extract in Diabetic KK-Ay Mice', Molecules, 26(21), pp. 6459. doi:10.3390/molecules26216459 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216459
  7. Nanashima, N., Horie, K., Kitajima, M., Takamagi, S. and others (2021) 'Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Extract in Healthy Female Subjects: A Pilot Study', Molecules, 26(13), pp. 4085. doi:10.3390/molecules26134085 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134085
  8. Horie, K., Nanashima, N., Maeda, H., Tomisawa, T. and others (2021) 'Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) Extract Exerts Potential Vasculoprotective Effects in Ovariectomized Rats, Including Prevention of Elastin Degradation and Pathological Vascular Remodeling', Nutrients, 13(2), pp. 560. doi:10.3390/nu13020560 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020560
  9. Oczkowski, M (2021) 'Health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries', Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 72(3), pp. 229-238. doi:10.32394/rpzh.2021.0174 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2021.0174
  10. Vagiri, M., Conner, S., Stewart, D., Andersson, S.C. and others (2015) 'Phenolic compounds in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves relative to leaf position and harvest date', Food Chemistry, 172, pp. 135-142. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.041 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.041
  11. Gopalan, A., Reuben, S.C., Ahmed, S., Darvesh, A.S., Hohmann, J. and Bishayee, A (2012) 'The health benefits of blackcurrants', 3(8), pp. 795--809. doi:10.1039/c2fo30058c Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fo30058c
  12. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
  13. Watson, A.W., Haskell-Ramsay, C.F., Kennedy, D.O., Dodd, F.L., Wightman, E.L. and Reay, J.L (2015) 'Acute supplementation with blackcurrant extracts modulates cognitive functioning and inhibits monoamine oxidase-B in healthy young adults', 54(3), pp. 505--513. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Acute%20supplementation%20with%20blackcurrant%20extracts%20modulates%20cognitive%20functioning%20and%20inhibits%20monoamine%20oxidase-B%20in%20healthy%20young%20adults
  14. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  1. Fursenco, C., Calalb, T., Uncu, L., Dinu, M. and others (2020) 'Solidago virgaurea L.: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities', Biomolecules, 10(12), pp. 1619. doi:10.3390/biom10121619 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121619
  2. Abdel Motaal, A., Ezzat, S.M., Tadros, M.G. and El-Askary, H.I (2016) 'In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from Solidago virgaurea in rats', Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12), pp. 2864-2870. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1190381 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1190381
  3. Précheur, I., Rolland, Y., Hasseine, L., Orange, F. and others (2020) 'Solidago virgaurea L. Plant Extract Targeted Against Candida albicans to Reduce Oral Microbial Biomass: A Double Blind Randomized Trial on Healthy Adults', Antibiotics, 9(4), pp. 137. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040137 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040137
  4. Wojnicz, D., Tichaczek-Goska, D., Glensk, M. and Hendrich, A.B (2021) 'Is It Worth Combining Solidago virgaurea Extract and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Rods? An In Vitro Model Study', Pharmaceutics, 13(4), pp. 573. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13040573 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040573
  5. El-Tantawy, W.H (2013) 'Biochemical effects of Solidago virgaurea extract on experimental cardiotoxicity', Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 70(1), pp. 33-42. doi:10.1007/s13105-013-0277-0 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0277-0
  6. Gross, S.C., Goodarzi, G., Watabe, M., Bandyopadhyay, S. and others (2002) 'Antineoplastic activity of Solidago virgaurea on prostatic tumor cells in an SCID mouse model', Nutrition and Cancer, 43(1), pp. 76-81. doi:10.1207/S15327914NC431_9 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC431_9
  7. Starks, C.M., Williams, R.B., Goering, M.G., O'Neil-Johnson, M. and others (2010) 'Antibacterial clerodane diterpenes from Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)', Phytochemistry, 71(1), pp. 104-109. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.032 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.032
  8. Malicanin, M., Karabegovic, I., Dordevic, N., Mancic, S. and others (2024) 'Influence of the Extraction Method on the Biological Potential of Solidago virgaurea L. Essential Oil and Hydrolates', Plants, 13(16), pp. 2187. doi:10.3390/plants13162187 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162187
  9. Zehra, S.A., Bhattarai, P., Zhang, J., Liu, Y. and others (2022) 'Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity of Solidago virgaurea Extracts', Current Bioactive Compounds, 19(4), pp. e150622206146. doi:10.2174/1573407218666220615143502 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407218666220615143502
  10. Jang, Y.S., Wang, Z., Lee, J.M., Lee, J.Y. and others (2016) 'Screening of Korean Natural Products for Anti-Adipogenesis Properties and Isolation of Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside as a Potent Anti-Adipogenetic Compound from Solidago virgaurea', Molecules, 21(2), pp. 226. doi:10.3390/molecules21020226 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21020226
  11. European Medicines Agency (2008) 'Community herbal monograph on Solidago virgaurea L., herba'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Community%20herbal%20monograph%20on%20Solidago%20virgaurea%20L.%2C%20herba
  12. Bader, G., Binder, K., Hiller, K. and Zwintscher, U (1990) 'The saponins from Solidago virgaurea L', 45(8), pp. 618--622. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20saponins%20from%20Solidago%20virgaurea%20L
  13. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
  14. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  15. Grow Forage Cook Ferment 'Foraging Goldenrod (Solidago): Identification and Uses'. Available at: https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-goldenrod/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-goldenrod/
  16. Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board 'Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)'. Available at: https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort Traditional / reference
    https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort
  17. Schneider, J. and Tsegaye, Y. and W/Tensae, M. and G/Selassie, S. and Haile, T. and Bane, A. and Ali, A. and Mesfin, G. and Seboxa, T (2012) 'Veno-occlusive liver disease: a case report', Ethiopian Medical Journal, 50 Suppl 2, pp. 47-51. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22946295/ Clinical study
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22946295/

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.