Plant Comparison

Tormentil vs Raspberry Leaf

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
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Plant ATormentilPotentilla erectaRosaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BRaspberry LeafRubus idaeusRosaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Tormentil and Raspberry Leaf: both belong to the Rosaceae family; they share 3 indicated uses (diarrhoea, skin irritation, wounds); 2 pharmacological actions in common.

TormentilRaspberry Leaf
Constituents23
Pharmacological actions33
Indicated uses76
Safety notes21
Cited sources1514
Indicated uses
Only Tormentil
Arthritis / joint painInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Inflammation (general)Sore throat
Shared (3)
DiarrhoeaSkin irritationWounds
Only Raspberry Leaf
Menstrual crampsPMS / premenstrual syndromePregnancy support
Pharmacological actions
Only Tormentil
Anti-inflammatory
Shared (2)
AntidiarrhoealAstringent
Only Raspberry Leaf
Emmenagogue / uterine tonic

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionTormentilRaspberry LeafVerdict
Diarrhoea5/105/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation6/106/10Comparable evidence
Wounds5/105/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Tannins (ellagitannins such as agrimoniin, and catechin-type tannins)[14, 15]

The main astringent active constituents.

TanninsCatechins
Flavonoids and phenolic acids[15]

Antioxidant supporting constituents.

Phenolic acidsFlavonoids
Tannins[1, 8]

Astringent constituents of the leaf.

Tannins
Flavonoids and the alkaloid fragarine[1, 2]

Fragarine is the constituent proposed to give the uterine-toning effect.

FlavonoidsAlkaloids
Vitamin C and minerals[1]

Nutritive constituents.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15]

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and inflammation of the mouth and throat

Antidiarrhoeal[1, 4, 8, 14, 15]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (ellagitannins tighten the gut lining) - in a paediatric RCT, tormentil root extract shortened rotavirus diarrhoea (3 vs 5 days) and reduced rehydration needs

Astringent[2, 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (ellagitannins tighten the gut lining) - in a paediatric RCT, tormentil root extract shortened rotavirus diarrhoea (3 vs 5 days) and reduced rehydration needs

Antidiarrhoeal[1]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins)

Astringent[1]

Astringent for menstrual cramps (traditional); Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins)

Emmenagogue / uterine tonic[1, 7, 13, 14]

Traditional uterine tonic taken in late pregnancy to tone the uterus and support labour - one small double-blind RCT found a shorter second stage of labour and fewer forceps deliveries (no effect on the first stage), alongside observational signals; robust proof is still lacking

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Diarrhoea[1, 4, 8, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (ellagitannins tighten the gut lining) - in a paediatric RCT, tormentil root extract shortened rotavirus diarrhoea (3 vs 5 days) and reduced rehydration needs

Evidence: 5
Label: Diarrhoea
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)[9, 11, 15]Limited · 3/10

Supportive in inflammatory bowel disease / ulcerative colitis (limited trial evidence)

Evidence: 3
Label: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation (general)[4, 10, 14, 15]Limited · 3/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and inflammation of the mouth and throat

Evidence: 3
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[6, 8, 10, 14, 15]Moderate · 6/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 6
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[7, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and inflammation of the mouth and throat

Evidence: 2
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[8, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds
Diarrhoea[1]Moderate · 5/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins)

Evidence: 5
Label: Diarrhoea
Menstrual cramps[1, 7, 11]Moderate · 5/10

Astringent for menstrual cramps (traditional)

Evidence: 5
Label: Menstrual cramps
PMS / premenstrual syndrome[1, 11, 13, 14]Good · 7/10

inferred from emmenagogue action

Evidence: 7
Label: PMS / premenstrual syndrome
Pregnancy support[1, 10]Moderate · 6/10
Evidence: 6
Label: Pregnancy support
Skin irritation[1, 5, 9, 12]Moderate · 6/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 6
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[1]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[14]Info

Tannin-rich: high or prolonged intake may cause stomach upset or constipation and can reduce the absorption of iron and some medicines taken at the same time.

Safety note[14]Caution

Diarrhoea persisting more than 3-4 days, or with fever or blood in the stool, needs medical care. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended in the absence of data.

Safety note[1, 13]Caution

Despite widespread popular use, there is no robust (randomised-trial) evidence of efficacy or safety. Use in pregnancy should be discussed with a midwife or doctor and is generally reserved for the last few weeks rather than early pregnancy.

External Ids

Gbif: 5365576
Wikidata: Q160098
Gbif: 2993094
Wikidata: Q12252383

Botanical Description

Low, sprawling to semi-erect perennial herb (Rosaceae) with wiry stems. Leaves are palmate, typically with 4-5 leaflets and large leaf-like stipules that give the impression of more leaflets. Flowers are small, yellow and four-petalled - unusual among Potentilla species, most of which have five petals. The thick, woody rhizome is reddish inside when cut, the origin of the old name 'bloodroot' for this European species.[14]

Height: Low, sprawling to semi-erect, stems to about 30-45 cm
Habit: Low, sprawling to semi-erect perennial herb
Leaves: Palmate, typically 4-5 leaflets, with large leaf-like stipules
Flowers: Small, yellow, four-petalled (unusual among Potentilla species)
Stem: Wiry, sprawling to semi-erect
Root: Thick, woody rhizome, reddish inside when cut
Fruit: Small dry achenes (typical Rosaceae)
Flowering Period: May-September

Deciduous, thicket-forming shrub (Rosaceae), 1-2 m tall, with upright, prickly, biennial canes (vegetative in the first year, fruiting in the second). Leaves are pinnate with 3-7 toothed leaflets, whitish-felted beneath. Small white, five-petalled flowers are followed by the aggregate red raspberry fruit, a cluster of drupelets.[2]

Height: 1-2 m
Habit: Deciduous, thicket-forming shrub with biennial canes
Leaves: Pinnate, 3-7 toothed leaflets, whitish-felted beneath
Flowers: Small, white, five-petalled
Stem: Upright, prickly canes
Root: Spreading suckering root system
Fruit: Aggregate red raspberry (cluster of drupelets)
Flowering Period: May-June

Habitat

Native to Europe and western Asia, common in acidic grassland, heath, moorland, open woodland and pastures on poor, well-drained soils.[14]

Native to Europe and northern Asia, widely cultivated as a fruit crop and naturalised on woodland edges, hedgerows and disturbed ground in temperate regions.[2]

Harvesting

The rhizome is dug in autumn or early spring, when tannin content is highest, then cleaned and dried.[14]

Parts: Rhizome
Season: Autumn or early spring

Leaves are picked fresh during the growing season - before or during flowering is considered optimal - and dried; fruit is picked when fully ripe in summer.[2]

Parts: Leaf
Season: Leaf before/during flowering; fruit in summer

Traditional Uses

Tormentil rhizome has an official European herbal-monograph tradition for mild diarrhoea and inflammation of the mouth and throat, reflecting its long folk use as a powerful astringent for gut and mucous-membrane complaints. Modern trials confirm its ellagitannin-rich rhizome shortens the duration of infectious (rotavirus) diarrhoea.[8, 14, 15]

Raspberry leaf has a long, very widely known folk tradition as a 'pregnancy tea', taken in the final weeks of pregnancy as a uterine tonic to prepare for labour. Observational studies and a small randomised controlled trial suggest a possible modest effect on labour duration, though robust proof is still lacking.[1, 13]

Preparations

Decoction[14]

Dried rhizome simmered in water, the standard astringent preparation for diarrhoea.

Tincture[15]

Alcoholic extract, taken diluted or used as a gargle/mouthwash.

Gargle/mouthwash[15]

Diluted decoction or tincture used for sore throat and mouth inflammation.

Infusion (tea)[1]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water - the classic late-pregnancy preparation.

Standardised leaf extract[2]

Used in some observational and clinical research.

Dosage

Decoction/tincture[14, 15]

EMA/ESCOP guidance suggests around 4-6 g dried rhizome (or an equivalent decoction), divided into 2-3 doses daily, for diarrhoea, or a diluted tincture used as a gargle several times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)[1, 13]

Popular guidance and observational studies generally describe starting raspberry-leaf tea or tablets in the last few weeks of pregnancy, at roughly 1-3 cups of tea daily; use should be discussed with a midwife or doctor given the lack of robust trial evidence. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0970, REF-0971, REF-0972, REF-0973, REF-0974, REF-0975, REF-0976, REF-0602, REF-0977, REF-0978, REF-2592, REF-2593, REF-2594
REF-0497, REF-1536, REF-1537, REF-1538, REF-1539, REF-1540, REF-1541, REF-1542, REF-1543, REF-2574, REF-2575, REF-2576

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Bandick, R., Busmann, L.V., Mousavi, S., Shayya, N.W. and others (2023) 'Therapeutic Effects of Oral Application of Menthol and Extracts from Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), Raspberry Leaves and Loosestrife during Acute Murine Campylobacteriosis', Pharmaceutics, 15(10), pp. 2410. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15102410 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102410
  2. Fecka, I., Kucharska, A.Z. and Kowalczyk, A (2015) 'Quantification of tannins and related polyphenols in commercial products of tormentil (Potentilla tormentilla)', Phytochemical Analysis, 26(5), pp. 353-366. doi:10.1002/pca.2570 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2570
  3. Marcinczyk, N., Jarmoc, D., Leszczynska, A., Zakrzeska, A. and others (2017) 'Antithrombotic Potential of Tormentil Extract in Animal Models', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, pp. 534. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00534 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00534
  4. Melzig, M.F. and Bottger, S (2020) 'Tormentillae rhizoma - Review for an Underestimated European Herbal Drug', Planta Medica, 86(15), pp. 1050-1057. doi:10.1055/a-1129-7214 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1129-7214
  5. Marcinczyk, N., Golaszewska, A., Gromotowicz-Poplawska, A., Misztal, T. and others (2021) 'Multidirectional Effects of Tormentil Extract on Hemostasis in Experimental Diabetes', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 682987. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.682987 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.682987
  6. Hoffmann, J., Gendrisch, F., Schempp, C.M. and Wolfle, U (2020) 'New Herbal Biomedicines for the Topical Treatment of Dermatological Disorders', Biomedicines, 8(2), pp. 27. doi:10.3390/biomedicines8020027 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020027
  7. Tomczyk, M., Sosnowska, K., Pleszczynska, M., Strawa, J. and others (2017) 'Hydrogel Containing an Extract of Tormentillae rhizoma for the Treatment of Biofilm-Related Oral Diseases', Natural Product Communications, 12(3), pp. 417-421. doi:10.1177/1934578x1701200328 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200328
  8. Subbotina, M.D., Timchenko, V.N., Vorobyov, M.M., Konunova, Y.S., Aleksandrovih, Y.S. and Shushunov, S (2003) 'Effect of oral administration of tormentil root extract (Potentilla tormentilla) on rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial', The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 22(8), pp. 706--711. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000078355.29647.d0 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000078355.29647.d0
  9. Wan, P., Chen, H., Guo, Y. and Bai, A.P (2014) 'Advances in treatment of ulcerative colitis with herbs: from bench to bedside', World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(39), pp. 14099-14104. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14099 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14099
  10. Wolfle, U., Hoffmann, J., Haarhaus, B., Rao Mittapalli, V. and Schempp, C.M (2017) 'Anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive properties of Potentilla erecta - A traditional medicinal plant from the northern hemisphere', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, pp. 86-94. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.058 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.058
  11. Moss, A.C. and Cheifetz, A.S (2007) 'Reducing the torment of diarrhea: tormentil for active ulcerative colitis', Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 41(9), pp. 797-798. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3180684255 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3180684255
  12. Shushunov, S., Balashov, L., Kravtsova, A., Krasnogorsky, I., Latte, K.P. and Vasiliev, A (2009) 'Determination of acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Potentilla erecta (Tormentil) rhizomes in rats and mice', Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(5), pp. 1173-1176. doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.0281 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0281
  13. Kirsch, J., Jung, A., Hille, K., Konig, B., Hannig, C., Kolling-Speer, I., Speer, K. and Hannig, M (2020) 'Effect of fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial bacterial colonization in situ', Archives of Oral Biology, 118, pp. 104853. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853
  14. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (n.d.) 'European Union herbal monograph on Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch., rhizoma (Tormentillae rhizoma)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/tormentillae-rhizoma Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/tormentillae-rhizoma
  15. ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy) (n.d.) 'Tormentillae rhizoma (Tormentil) monograph', pp. com. Available at: https://www.escop.com/downloads/tormentil/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.escop.com/downloads/tormentil/
  1. Bowman, R.L., Taylor, J. and Davis, D.L (2024) 'Raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus) use in pregnancy: a prospective observational study', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04465-7 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04465-7
  2. Mostafa, H.S. and others (2020) 'Phenolic Composition, Mineral Content, and Beneficial Bioactivities of Leaf Extracts from Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.), Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa)', Nutrients, 12(2), pp. 463. doi:10.3390/nu12020463 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020463
  3. Bijak, M., Saluk-Bijak, J. and others (2016) 'The influence of Rubus idaeus and Rubus caesius leaf extracts on platelet aggregation in whole blood. Cross-talk of platelets and neutrophils', Platelets, 27(5), pp. 433-439. doi:10.3109/09537104.2015.1131254 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3109/09537104.2015.1131254
  4. Valdes, M. and others (2022) 'Rubus idaeus extract improves symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients: results from a phase II double-blind randomized controlled trial', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 23(1), pp. 650. doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05612-2 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05612-2
  5. Campos, P.M. and others (2020) 'Anti-aging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A split-face, randomized controlled trial', Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(3), pp. 671-676. doi:10.1111/jocd.13305 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13305
  6. Bednarski, M. and others (2014) 'CD39/NTPDase-1 expression and activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells are differentially regulated by leaf extracts from Rubus caesius and Rubus idaeus', Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 19(2), pp. 291-304. doi:10.2478/s11658-014-0202-8 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-014-0202-8
  7. Rojas-Vera, J., Patel, A.V. and Dacke, C.G (2002) 'Relaxant activity of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaf extract in guinea-pig ileum in vitro', Phytotherapy Research, 16(7), pp. 665-668. doi:10.1002/ptr.1040 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1040
  8. Raudone, L. and others (2022) 'In Vitro Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Stem Extracts', Molecules, 27(13), pp. 4073. doi:10.3390/molecules27134073 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134073
  9. Cugnetto, M.L. and others (2015) 'An oil-soluble extract of Rubus idaeus cells enhances hydration and water homeostasis in skin cells', International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(4), pp. 428-433. doi:10.1111/ics.12236 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12236
  10. Socha, M.W., Flis, W., Wartega, M., Szambelan, M., Pietrus, M. and Kazdepka-Zieminska, A (2023) 'Raspberry Leaves and Extracts-Molecular Mechanism of Action and Its Effectiveness on Human Cervical Ripening and the Induction of Labor', Nutrients, 15(14), pp. 3206. doi:10.3390/nu15143206 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143206
  11. Jianu, E.M., Pop, R.M., Gherman, L.M., Ranga, F., Levai, A.M., Rus, V., Bolboaca, S.D., Stefan, R.A., Onofrei, M.M., Nati, I.D., Stoia, I.A., Stefan, P.A., Mihu, C. and Mihu, C.M (2024) 'The Effect of Rubus idaeus Polyphenols Extract in Induced Endometriosis in Rats', Molecules, 29(4), pp. 778. doi:10.3390/molecules29040778 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040778
  12. Cyboran-Mikolajczyk, S., Meczarska, K., Solarska-Sciuk, K., Ratajczak-Wielgomas, K., Oszmianski, J., Jencova, V. and Bonarska-Kujawa, D (2022) 'Protection of Erythrocytes and Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Damage by Fragaria vesca L. and Rubus idaeus L. Leaves Extracts - The Mechanism of Action', Molecules, 27(18), pp. 5865. doi:10.3390/molecules27185865 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185865
  13. Farnaghi, S. and Braniff, K (2022) 'Survey of Raspberry Leaf Tea in pregnancy', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. doi:10.1111/ajo.13496 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13496
  14. Simpson, M., Parsons, M., Greenwood, J. and Wade, K (2001) 'Raspberry leaf in pregnancy: its safety and efficacy in labor', Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 46(2), pp. 51--59. doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(01)00095-2 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1016/s1526-9523(01)00095-2

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.