Plant Comparison

Greater Plantain vs Dandelion

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AGreater PlantainPlantago majorPlantaginaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BDandelionTaraxacum officinaleAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Greater Plantain and Dandelion: they share 9 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, constipation, infection (general), …); 7 pharmacological actions in common.

Greater PlantainDandelion

Constituents54

Pharmacological actions1316

Indicated uses1517

Safety notes55

Cited sources5456

Indicated uses

Only Greater Plantain

BronchitisBruisingCoughDiarrhoeaRespiratory supportSore throat

Shared (9)

Arthritis / joint painConstipationInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWoundsImmune supportCancer (anticancer research)Cardiovascular / heart health

Only Dandelion

Loss of appetiteBloatingDetox / cleansingIndigestionLiver supportSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)

Pharmacological actions

Only Greater Plantain

AstringentDemulcent (soothing mucilage)ExpectorantVulnerary (wound healing)Analgesic (pain relief)Antifungal

Shared (7)

Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntioxidantLaxativeImmunomodulator / immune supportAntiviralAnticancer (preclinical)

Only Dandelion

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachicCholeretic / cholagogue (bile flow)Digestive aidDiureticHepatoprotective (liver support)PrebioticLipid-loweringNeuroprotective / cognition supportAntihypertensive

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Greater Plantain	Dandelion	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Constipation	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Infection (general)	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Skin irritation	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Wounds	2/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Immune support	2/10	2/10	Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)	2/10	2/10	Comparable evidence
Cardiovascular / heart health	2/10	2/10	Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Iridoid glycosides (aucubin, catalpol)^{[1, 36]}

Characteristic iridoids of Plantago major.

Iridoid glycosidesGlycosides

Caffeic acid esters (plantamajoside, acteoside/verbascoside)^{[1, 36]}

Polyphenolic esters contributing to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Caffeic acidVerbascoside (acteoside)

Flavonoids (baicalein, luteolin, hispidulin)^[1]

Flavonoid constituents of the leaf.

FlavonoidsLuteolin

Allantoin^[36]

Cell-proliferative compound supporting wound healing.

Allantoin

Mucilage and triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acid)^{[1, 36]}

Demulcent mucilage plus anti-inflammatory triterpenes.

Terpenes / terpenoidsMucilage

Sesquiterpene lactones^{[20, 50, 51]}

Bitter principles (e.g. taraxacin) responsible for the characteristic bitterness and bitter-tonic action.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenes

Triterpenes and plant sterols^{[50, 52]}

Including taraxasterol; contribute to anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective signals.

Terpenes / terpenoidsPhytosterols

Phenolic acids and flavonoids^{[17, 21, 22, 52, 53]}

Antioxidant constituents (e.g. chicoric acid, luteolin derivatives).

Phenolic acidsFlavonoidsLuteolin

Inulin^{[50, 53]}

Fructan storage carbohydrate; prebiotic fibre concentrated in the autumn root.

PolysaccharidesInulin

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[7, 8, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41]}

Antimicrobial^{[1, 9, 32, 35]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 11, 12, 23, 24, 34, 39, 40, 41]}

Astringent^{[37, 38]}

Astringent (diarrhoea)

Demulcent (soothing mucilage)^{[6, 13, 37, 38]}

Demulcent / expectorant (coughs, catarrh, irritated airways)

Expectorant^{[2, 10, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]}

Demulcent / expectorant (coughs, catarrh, irritated airways)

Laxative^{[2, 13, 38]}

Bulk laxative (mucilaginous seeds)

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[3, 4, 5, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42]}

Vulnerary (wound healing) - fresh leaf poultice

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[16, 17, 18, 19, 20]}

Antiviral^{[16, 33]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[16, 21, 22]}

Analgesic (pain relief)^[30]

Antifungal^[35]

Anti-inflammatory^{[14, 15, 16, 22, 25, 26, 30, 43, 44, 50, 52]}

Parts: Whole plant

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[18, 23, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]}

Antimicrobial^{[32, 52]}

Parts: Whole plant

Antioxidant^{[16, 21, 23, 28, 31, 52, 53]}

Parts: Whole plant

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic^{[50, 54]}

Parts: Leaf

Choleretic / cholagogue (bile flow)^{[50, 51]}

Choleretic (stimulates bile flow)

Parts: Leaf, Root

Digestive aid^{[50, 54]}

Parts: Leaf

Diuretic^{[47, 50, 51, 55]}

Diuretic (potassium-sparing)

Parts: Leaf

Hepatoprotective (liver support)^{[15, 25, 29, 42, 50, 51, 53]}

Hepatic (liver) support

Parts: Root

Laxative^{[50, 54]}

Parts: Root

Prebiotic^{[50, 53]}

Prebiotic (inulin-rich, especially autumn root)

Parts: Root

Lipid-lowering^{[31, 34]}

Antiviral^[42]

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[43, 45]}

Neuroprotective / cognition support^[44]

Antihypertensive^[46]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[39, 40, 41]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bronchitis^{[37, 38, 39, 40, 41]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bronchitis

Bruising^{[36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bruising

Constipation^[38]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from laxative action

Evidence: 1

Label: Constipation

Cough^{[37, 38]}Traditional · 1/10

Demulcent / expectorant (coughs, catarrh, irritated airways)

Evidence: 1

Label: Cough

Diarrhoea^{[37, 38]}Traditional · 1/10

Astringent (diarrhoea)

Evidence: 1

Label: Diarrhoea

Infection (general)^[1]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[39, 40, 41]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Respiratory support^{[37, 38, 39, 40, 41]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 1

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[39, 40, 41]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Sore throat^{[37, 38]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from demulcent action

Evidence: 1

Label: Sore throat

Wounds^{[25, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 2

Label: Wounds

Immune support^[16]Traditional · 2/10

P. major extract showed immunomodulatory, antiviral and cytotoxic effects in vitro.

Evidence: 2

Label: Immune support

Cancer (anticancer research)^[21]Traditional · 2/10

P. major extracts/compounds inhibited proliferation of cancer cell lines (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cardiovascular / heart health^{[23, 24]}Traditional · 2/10

Plantamajoside attenuated cardiac fibrosis via AGEs/RAGE inhibition (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cardiovascular / heart health

Loss of appetite^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Loss of appetite

Arthritis / joint pain^{[50, 52]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bloating^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[18, 23, 27, 35]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Constipation^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from laxative action

Evidence: 1

Label: Constipation

Detox / cleansing^{[50, 51, 53]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from hepatoprotective action

Evidence: 1

Label: Detox / cleansing

Indigestion^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^[52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[50, 52]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Liver support^{[50, 51]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from choleretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Liver support

Skin irritation^{[50, 52]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Swelling / fluid retention^{[50, 51, 55]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

Urinary support^{[50, 51, 55]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Urinary support

Urinary tract infection (UTI)^{[50, 51, 55]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Wounds^[52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Cardiovascular / heart health^{[31, 46]}Traditional · 2/10

Dandelion root and leaf lowered serum lipids and oxidative stress (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cardiovascular / heart health

Immune support^{[43, 45]}Traditional · 2/10

Taraxasterol modulated the inflammatory/immune response in endotoxic shock (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Immune support

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[39, 40, 41]}Caution

Extremely safe; one of the most widely used edible and medicinal plants in the world. Psyllium seeds (closely related) are well-studied as a bulk laxative but should always be taken with adequate water. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. No significant drug interactions documented at normal doses.

Safety note^{[39, 40, 41, 43]}Info

Duke (2002) rates plantain as ++ and notes anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiatherosclerotic, and COX-2-inhibitory activities at the experimental level (score 1). The seeds (psyllium) of related species have clinical evidence for cholesterol reduction and as bulk laxatives, though entries here apply to the leaf. Dose: leaf as tea or poultice for wounds, sore throat, and bronchial conditions. Duke notes the plant is generally safe with anti-inflammatory topical use well-supported in traditional practice. Commission E approved plantain (ribwort species) for catarrh and wound healing (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[36, 38]}Info

Generally regarded as safe as food and in customary medicinal use; allergic reactions are uncommon, though the abundant wind-borne pollen can aggravate hay fever in sensitive people.

Safety note^{[36, 44]}Info

Correct identification is essential and material should be gathered away from roadsides, sprayed lawns and other contaminated ground; deep or infected wounds warrant proper medical care.

Safety note^{[45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54]}Info

Additional omniasana.bio sources cited for Plantago major (identification, distribution, foraging, traditional use and supporting evidence; see bibliography).

Safety note^{[54, 56]}Info

Allergy risk in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae (daisy family) plants such as ragweed and chamomile.

Safety note^[54]Caution

Avoid medicinal use in anyone with a blocked bile duct or gallstones; use caution with gallbladder or serious liver disease.

Safety note^{[54, 56]}Caution

May potentiate prescription diuretics; possible interactions with lithium and drugs metabolised by the liver.

Safety note^{[51, 54]}Info

Can accumulate soil pollutants and heavy metals; harvest from clean, unpolluted sites.

Safety note^[54]Caution

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding should be guided by a qualified practitioner. Herbal use should support, not replace, conventional medical care.

External Ids

Gbif: 3189767

Wikidata: Q157154

Gbif: 5394163

Wikidata: Q131219

Botanical Description

Low, rosette-forming perennial herb (Plantaginaceae) with broad, oval to rounded leaves marked by 5-9 prominent parallel ribs, borne on long, channelled petioles. Slender, leafless flowering spikes rise from the rosette bearing tiny, densely packed greenish flowers, followed by small seed capsules.^[36]

Height: Low rosette; flowering spikes 10-40 cm

Habit: Low rosette-forming perennial herb

Leaves: Broad, oval to rounded, 5-9-ribbed, long-petioled

Flowers: Tiny, densely packed, greenish, in slender spikes

Stem: Slender, leafless flowering spike

Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock

Fruit: Small seed capsule

Flowering Period: June-September

Perennial herb (Asteraceae) with a deep taproot, forming a basal rosette of deeply toothed, lance-shaped leaves - the name 'dandelion' comes from the French 'dent-de-lion', lion's tooth. Hollow flowering stalks each bear a single, bright yellow composite flower head made entirely of ray florets, followed by the familiar spherical 'clock' of parachute-tufted seeds (achenes) that disperse on the wind.^[50]

Height: Low rosette; flowering stalks 5-40 cm

Habit: Deep-taprooted perennial rosette herb

Leaves: Deeply toothed, lance-shaped, in a basal rosette

Flowers: Single, bright yellow composite head of ray florets, on a hollow stalk

Stem: Hollow flowering stalk (scape), leafless

Root: Deep taproot

Fruit: Small achenes with a parachute-like pappus (the "clock")

Flowering Period: Can flower almost year-round, peaking March-October

Habitat

Native to Europe and temperate Asia and now one of the most widespread naturalised weeds worldwide (the name 'waybread', or historically 'white man's foot', reflects its spread along paths and trails); thrives on compacted, disturbed ground such as paths, lawns and roadsides.^[36]

Native to Europe and Asia, now a cosmopolitan weed found on every continent except Antarctica; grows in lawns, meadows, roadsides, waste ground and disturbed soil of almost any type.^[50]

Harvesting

Leaves are gathered fresh throughout the growing season, especially for poultice use; seed is collected in autumn once ripe.^[36]

Parts: Leaf, Seed

Season: Leaf throughout the growing season; seed in autumn

Leaves are picked young in spring for the mildest flavour; the root is dug in autumn (traditionally after the first frost), when its inulin and bitter-principle content is considered optimal; flowers are picked as they open.^{[50, 53]}

Parts: Leaf, Root, Flower

Season: Leaf in spring; root in autumn; flower as it opens

Traditional Uses

Greater plantain is one of the most widely used wound herbs across world folk-medicine traditions, applied fresh as a poultice to cuts, stings and insect bites, and taken as a tea for cough, digestive upset and mild diarrhoea. Modern reviews confirm broad anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound-healing activity supporting these traditional uses.^{[1, 36]}

Dandelion is one of the most widely used bitter tonic herbs worldwide, traditionally taken as a digestive bitter and mild diuretic - the French name 'pissenlit' (wet-the-bed) reflects this - and the root specifically as a liver and gallbladder tonic. Every part is also used as food: spring greens, roasted-root coffee substitute, and flower wine.^[50]

Preparations

Fresh leaf poultice^[36]

Crushed or chewed fresh leaf applied directly to wounds, stings and insect bites - the classic traditional first-aid use.

Infusion (tea)^{[37, 38]}

Dried leaf steeped in hot water for cough, digestive complaints and mild diarrhoea.

Seed (bulk fibre)^[38]

The mucilaginous seed, related to psyllium, used traditionally as a mild bulk laxative.

Leaf infusion/salad (fresh or dried)^[50]

Fresh young leaves eaten as a bitter salad green, or dried leaf infused as tea - the traditional digestive/diuretic preparation.

Root decoction^[50]

Dried root simmered in water - the traditional liver-tonic preparation.

Dosage

Leaf tea / poultice^{[39, 40, 41]}

Duke (2002): leaf taken as a tea, or used fresh as a poultice, for wounds, sore throat and bronchial conditions. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Leaf/root infusion or decoction^{[50, 54]}

Traditional guidance suggests roughly 4-10 g dried leaf, or 2-8 g dried root, per day as an infusion or decoction, divided into 2-3 doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in bile-duct obstruction or gallstones, and harvest away from polluted ground.

References

REF-0354, REF-1758, REF-1759, REF-1760, REF-1761, REF-1762, REF-1763, REF-1764, REF-1765, REF-1766, REF-1767, REF-1768, REF-1769, REF-2993, REF-2994, REF-2995, REF-2996, REF-2997, REF-2998, REF-2999, REF-3000, REF-3001, REF-3002, REF-3003, REF-3004, REF-3005, REF-3006, REF-3007, REF-3008, REF-3009, REF-3010, REF-3011, REF-3012, REF-3013, REF-3014

REF-0248, REF-0320, REF-0322, REF-0323, REF-0324, REF-0325, REF-0327, REF-0330, REF-0331, REF-0334, REF-0335, REF-0336, REF-0337, REF-2387, REF-2388, REF-2389, REF-2390, REF-2391, REF-2392, REF-2393, REF-2394, REF-2395, REF-2396, REF-2945, REF-2946, REF-2947, REF-2948, REF-2949, REF-2950, REF-2951, REF-2952, REF-2953, REF-2954, REF-2955, REF-2956, REF-2957, REF-2958, REF-2959, REF-2960, REF-2961, REF-2962, REF-2963, REF-2964, REF-2965, REF-2966, REF-2967, REF-2968, REF-0070, REF-0264

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.