Plant Comparison

Field restharrow vs Turkey tail

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AField restharrowOnonis arvensisFabaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BTurkey tailTrametes versicolorPolyporaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Field restharrow and Turkey tail: they share 5 indicated uses (cancer (anticancer research), infection (general), wounds, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

Field restharrowTurkey tail
Constituents63
Pharmacological actions126
Indicated uses118
Safety notes32
Cited sources4217
Indicated uses
Only Field restharrow
Urinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)Kidney supportSwelling / fluid retentionPain (general)Cardiovascular / heart health
Shared (5)
Cancer (anticancer research)Infection (general)WoundsSkin irritationInflammation (general)
Only Turkey tail
Arthritis / joint painCold & fluImmune support
Pharmacological actions
Only Field restharrow
DiureticUrinary antisepticVulnerary (wound healing)Analgesic (pain relief)GastroprotectiveAntifungalLipid-loweringAntiplatelet / anticoagulant
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntioxidantAnticancer (preclinical)
Only Turkey tail
AntiviralImmunomodulator / immune support

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionField restharrowTurkey tailVerdict
Cancer (anticancer research)2/109/10Stronger for Turkey tail
Infection (general)2/105/10Stronger for Turkey tail
Wounds2/105/10Stronger for Turkey tail
Skin irritation2/105/10Stronger for Turkey tail
Inflammation (general)2/105/10Stronger for Turkey tail

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Isoflavonoids (formononetin, ononin and derivatives)[1, 3, 5, 20]

Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).

FlavonoidsGlycosidesPhenolic compounds
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones (medicarpin, maackiain, onogenin, sativanone)[1, 4]

Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.

FlavonoidsGlycosides
alpha-Onocerin[7]

alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.

Triterpene saponinsTerpenes / terpenoids
Coumarins (scopoletin, scopolin)[1]

Coumarins detected in the phytochemical profile.

Coumarins
Hydroxycinnamic / phenolic acids[6]

Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).

Caffeic acidChlorogenic acidPhenolic acids
Essential (volatile) oil[10]

A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.

Essential (volatile) oil
Beta-glucan polysaccharides[11, 12]

The principal immunomodulating constituents, forming the basis of PSK/PSP extracts.

Polysaccharides
Polysaccharopeptide (PSK/PSP, protein-bound polysaccharide)[12]

Protein-bound polysaccharide complex studied extensively as an adjunct immunotherapy.

Polysaccharides
Phenolic compounds and triterpenes[13]

Minor antioxidant constituents.

Phenolic compoundsTerpenes / terpenoids

Pharmacological Actions

Diuretic[8, 13, 28, 30, 42]

Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.

Urinary antiseptic[15]

Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).

Anti-inflammatory[14, 16, 17, 39]

Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).

Antimicrobial[2, 13, 21, 41]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[16, 20]

Isoflavonoids from restharrow root promote wound healing in vivo.

Antioxidant[5, 6, 13, 21, 31, 34, 40]
Analgesic (pain relief)[18, 33]

Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).

Gastroprotective[19]

Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).

Anticancer (preclinical)[5, 27]

Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).

Antifungal[22]
Lipid-lowering[24, 35]
Antiplatelet / anticoagulant[26]
Anti-inflammatory[11, 12, 13]
Anticancer (preclinical)[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Antimicrobial[11, 12, 13]
Antioxidant[8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Antiviral[11, 12, 13]
Immunomodulator / immune support[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Cancer (anticancer research)[5, 27]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Urinary support[8, 13, 15, 28, 30]Strong · 9/10

Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.

Evidence: 9
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[15]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.

Evidence: 2
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Kidney support[8, 13]Good · 7/10

inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use

Evidence: 7
Label: Kidney support
Swelling / fluid retention[13]Good · 7/10

inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action

Evidence: 7
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Infection (general)[2]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Wounds[16]Traditional · 2/10

Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds
Skin irritation[8, 17]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Inflammation (general)[14, 17]Traditional · 2/10
Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Pain (general)[18]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 2
Label: Pain (general)
Cardiovascular / heart health[24, 26, 35]Traditional · 2/10

Ononis isoflavonoids (maackiain, ononin) showed anti-adipogenic activity via PPAR-gamma inhibition (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12]Strong · 9/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 9
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cold & flu[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 5
Label: Cold & flu
Immune support[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10
Evidence: 5
Label: Immune support
Infection (general)[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[18]Warning

A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.

Safety note[13]Caution

Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).

Safety note[1, 3]Caution

The root is rich in isoflavone phytoestrogens (formononetin); avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy and breastfeeding and use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

Generally very safe and well tolerated. Rare cases of digestive upset or allergic reaction. No significant known drug interactions at normal doses. The PSK pharmaceutical form is used safely alongside standard cancer treatments. Suitable for most adults.

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for Turkey tail mushroom (Trametes versicolor) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

External Ids

Gbif: 2977171
Wikidata: Q164263
Gbif: 2548311
Wikidata: Q753833

Synonyms

Ononis hircina, Ononis arvensis subsp. arvensis

Not documented

Botanical Description

A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]

Height: 30-80 cm
Habit: Deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub, sometimes softly spiny
Leaves: Trifoliolate (clover-like), with finely toothed leaflets; stems hairy and glandular-sticky
Flowers: Pea-type, pink to purplish-pink (rarely white), solitary or paired in the leaf axils
Stem: Erect to ascending, hairy and sticky, often reddish; less spiny than O. spinosa
Root: Very long, woody, tenacious taproot (the medicinal Ononidis radix)
Fruit: A small, hairy, few-seeded pea pod
Flowering Period: June-September

Bracket fungus (not a true plant) forming thin, tough, fan-shaped, overlapping shelves on dead or decaying hardwood, with a velvety, concentrically zoned upper surface in bands of brown, tan, cream, blue-grey and rust, and a white, minutely pored underside.

Height: Individual brackets 2-8 cm across, forming overlapping clusters
Habit: Bracket (shelf) fungus growing directly from dead wood, in tiered, overlapping clusters
Leaves: Not applicable (fungus); the fruiting body is a thin, tough bracket
Flowers: Not applicable (fungus); reproduces via spores released from pores on the underside
Stem: No true stem; the bracket attaches directly to the wood
Root: Not applicable; mycelium threads through the wood substrate
Fruit: Fan-shaped fruiting body (bracket) with a white, densely pored underside
Flowering Period: Fruiting bodies present year-round, most abundant in autumn

Habitat

Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]

Grows on dead, dying or fallen hardwood logs, stumps and branches in woodlands worldwide, including Europe, Asia and North America.

Harvesting

The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]

Parts: Root, Aerial parts
Season: Root in autumn; aerial parts in flower (summer)

Fresh brackets are harvested by cutting from the wood; for medicinal use the tough fruiting body is typically dried and then decocted (simmered) for a long time, or extracted, since the beneficial polysaccharides are not well-extracted by simple infusion.

Parts: Mycelium, Whole Plant
Season: Year-round, most abundant in autumn

Traditional Uses

Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]

Turkey tail has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (as yun zhi) and is one of the most researched medicinal mushrooms, with standardized polysaccharide-K (PSK) and polysaccharopeptide (PSP) extracts used clinically in Japan and China alongside conventional cancer treatment to support immune function.[11, 12, 13]

Preparations

Decoction[8, 13]

The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.

Infusion[8]

The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.

Gargle / wash[8]

A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.

Long decoction[11]

Dried fruiting body simmered in water for an extended period (often 1-2 hours) to extract the beta-glucan polysaccharides, then strained.

Standardized extract (PSK/PSP)[12]

Standardized polysaccharide-K (PSK) or polysaccharopeptide (PSP) extract, the pharmaceutical-grade forms used in clinical research.

References

REF-2741, REF-2742, REF-2743, REF-2744, REF-2745, REF-2746, REF-2747, REF-2748, REF-2749, REF-2750, REF-2751, REF-2752, REF-2753, REF-2754, REF-2755, REF-2756, REF-2757, REF-2758, REF-2759, REF-2760, REF-3015, REF-3016, REF-3017, REF-3018, REF-3019, REF-3020, REF-3021, REF-3022, REF-3023, REF-3024, REF-3025, REF-3026, REF-3027, REF-3028, REF-3029, REF-3030, REF-3031, REF-3032, REF-3033, REF-3034, REF-3035, REF-3036
REF-1582, REF-1583, REF-1584, REF-1585, REF-1586, REF-1587, REF-1588, REF-1589, REF-1590, REF-1591

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note[8, 13]Caution
Drug Class: diuretics
Mechanism: Restharrow is an aquaretic diuretic; taken with pharmaceutical diuretics it may add to fluid and electrolyte loss.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10
Safety note[1, 3]Caution
Drug Class: hormonal-therapies
Mechanism: The root is rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; it could theoretically interact with hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement or hormone-sensitive conditions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Not documented

Pairings

Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]

Partner Id: solidago-virgaurea
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]

Partner Id: betula-pendula
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]

Partner Id: trifolium-pratense
Type: caution
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

[8]

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10
Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dosage

Not documented

Standardized extract[12]

Clinical research on PSK commonly uses around 3 g daily in divided doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note[15, 16, 17]Caution
Dangerous Plant: stereum-hirsutum
Confused Part: The whole fan-shaped bracket (the concentrically zoned shelf growing on dead hardwood), especially the top surface, which looks almost identical from above.
Confusion Context: False turkey tail (Stereum hirsutum, and the near-identical Stereum ostrea) is the commonest fungus mistaken for medicinal turkey tail. Seen from above the two are near-identical: overlapping, fan-shaped, concentrically banded, fuzzy-topped brackets on dead wood. Stereum is NOT poisonous - it is simply inedible (too thin and leathery) and there are no documented poisonings. The problem is that it is a crust fungus lacking the medicinal polysaccharides of true turkey tail, so anyone who brews it gets a worthless tea. This record exists to prevent a wasted, ineffective harvest, not to warn of poisoning.
Distinguishing Features: UNDERSIDE (decisive): true turkey tail has a whitish PORE surface underneath, densely covered with tiny pores/tubes (about 2-5 per mm, visible with a hand lens). False turkey tail (Stereum) has a completely SMOOTH, poreless underside - it is a crust fungus, not a polypore., Underside colour: true turkey tail's pore surface is white to off-white. Stereum's smooth underside is typically tan, yellowish, greyish or pale reddish-brown; a coloured, non-white underside is a red flag., Texture: true turkey tail is thin and flexible; Stereum tends to be tougher, more leathery and often wavier at the margin.
Key Test: Turn the bracket over and look at the underside with a hand lens. Genuine turkey tail shows a white surface densely covered in tiny pores (roughly 2-5 per mm). If the underside is SMOOTH and poreless (and often tan/orange/brown rather than white), it is false turkey tail (Stereum) - discard it. Smooth underside = not turkey tail.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Gampe, N. and Darcsi, A. and Nagyne Nedves, A. and Boldizsar, I. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2019) 'Phytochemical analysis of Ononis arvensis L. by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry', Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 54(2), pp. 121-133. doi:10.1002/jms.4308 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4308
  2. Denes, T. and Bartha, S.G. and Kerenyi, M. and Varga, E. and Balazs, V.L. and Csepregi, R. and Papp, N (2017) 'Histological and antimicrobial study of Ononis arvensis L', Acta Biologica Hungarica, 68(3), pp. 321-333. doi:10.1556/018.68.2017.3.9 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1556/018.68.2017.3.9
  3. Gampe, N. and Nagy, E. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2021) 'Quantitative determination of isoflavonoids in Ononis species by UPLC-UV-DAD', Phytochemical Analysis, 32(4), pp. 474-481. doi:10.1002/pca.2995 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2995
  4. Gampe, N. and Szakacs, Z. and Darcsi, A. and Boldizsar, I. and Szoke, E. and Kuzovkina, I. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2021) 'Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ononis arvensis Hairy Root Cultures', Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, pp. 622585. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.622585 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.622585
  5. Pazdziora, W. and Grabowska, K. and Zagrodzki, P. and Pasko, P. and Prochownik, E. and Podolak, I. and Galanty, A (2025) 'Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Ononis Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells', Molecules, 30(11), pp. 2379. doi:10.3390/molecules30112379 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379
  6. Spilkova, J. and Bednar, P. and Stroblikova, R (2001) 'Capillary electrophoretic analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids from Ononis arvensis L', Die Pharmazie, 56(5), pp. 424-425. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Capillary%20electrophoretic%20analysis%20of%20hydroxycinnamic%20acids%20from%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.
  7. Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1982) 'Pharmacognosy study of Ononis arvensis L. II. Flavonoids and onocerin in the drug', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 31(1), pp. 24-26. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pharmacognosy%20study%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20II.%20Flavonoids%20and%20onocerin%20in%20the%20drug
  8. Rezacova, A. and Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1978) 'A pharmacognostic study of the species Ononis arvensis L', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 27(10), pp. 452-455. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20pharmacognostic%20study%20of%20the%20species%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.
  9. Felsberg, A.A. and Rosentsveig, P.E (1965) 'A comparative phytochemical study of the roots of Ononis arvensis L. and Ononis spinosa L', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(6), pp. 26-32. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20comparative%20phytochemical%20study%20of%20the%20roots%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.
  10. Sichinava, M.B. and Mchelidze, K.Z. and Churadze, M.V. and Alaniia, M.D. and Aneli, D.N (2014) 'Chemical composition and microstructural peculiarities of overground and underground vegetative organs of field restharrow (Ononis arvensis L.)', Georgian Medical News, (231), pp. 88-94. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chemical%20composition%20and%20microstructural%20peculiarities%20of%20overground%20and%20underground%20vegetative%20organs%20of%20field%20restharrow%20%28Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%29
  11. Dedio, I. and Kozlowski, J (1977) 'Comparative morphological and phytochemical studies of Ononis spinosa L. and Ononis arvensis L. I. Biometric and chromatographic studies of methanolic extracts', Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 34(1), pp. 97-102. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Comparative%20morphological%20and%20phytochemical%20studies%20of%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20I.%20Biometric%20and%20chromatographic%20studies%20of%20methanolic%20extracts
  12. Felsberg, A.A. and Rozentsveig, P.E (1965) 'Photochemical examination of Ononis arvensis. I', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(3), pp. 25-27. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Photochemical%20examination%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis.%20I
  13. Nechita, V. and Tarau, A. and Suster, A. and Nechita, M. and Toiu, A. and Benedec, D. and Hanganu, D. and Siserman, C. and Drugan, C. and Oniga, I (2026) 'Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Ononis spinosa: A Comprehensive Review', Plants (Basel), 15(9), pp. 1409. doi:10.3390/plants15091409 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15091409
  14. Spiegler, V. and Gierlikowska, B. and Saenger, T. and Addotey, J.N. and Sendker, J. and Jose, J. and Kiss, A.K. and Hensel, A (2020) 'Root Extracts From Ononis spinosa Inhibit IL-8 Release Via Interactions With Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Lipopolysaccharide', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, pp. 889. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00889 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00889
  15. Deipenbrock, M. and Sendker, J. and Hensel, A (2020) 'Aqueous Root Extract from Ononis spinosa Exerts Anti-adhesive Activity against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli', Planta Medica, 86(4), pp. 247-254. doi:10.1055/a-1089-8645 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1089-8645
  16. Ergene Oz, B. and Saltan Iscan, G. and Kupeli Akkol, E. and Suntar, I. and Bahadir Acikara, O (2017) 'Isoflavonoids as wound healing agents from Ononidis Radix', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, pp. 384-393. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.029 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.029
  17. Arnold, E. and Benz, T. and Zapp, C. and Wink, M (2015) 'Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha) by Medicinal Plants in Relation to Their Phenolic Content', Molecules, 20(8), pp. 15033-15048. doi:10.3390/molecules200815033 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200815033
  18. Yilmaz, B.S. and Ozbek, H. and Citoglu, G.S. and Ugras, S. and Bayram, I. and Erdogan, E (2006) 'Analgesic and hepatotoxic effects of Ononis spinosa L', Phytotherapy Research, 20(6), pp. 500-503. doi:10.1002/ptr.1891 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1891
  19. Manal Ahmad, A. and Yasser Ibrahim, K. and Manal Mohammad, A (2021) 'Efficacy of extract from Ononis spinosa L. on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats', Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 41(2), pp. 270-275. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Efficacy%20of%20extract%20from%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.%20on%20ethanol-induced%20gastric%20mucosal%20injury%20in%20rats
  20. Addotey, J.N. and Lengers, I. and Jose, J. and Gampe, N. and Beni, S. and Petereit, F. and Hensel, A (2018) 'Isoflavonoids with inhibiting effects on human hyaluronidase-1 and norneolignan clitorienolactone B from Ononis spinosa L. root extract', Fitoterapia, 130, pp. 169-174. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.013 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.013
  21. Stojković, D. and Drakulić, D. and Gašić, U. and Zengin, G. and Stevanović, M. and Rajčević, N. and Sokóvić, M (2020) 'Ononis spinosa L., an edible and medicinal plant: UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap/MS chemical profiling and biological activities of the herbal extract', Food & Function. doi:10.1039/d0fo01595d Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01595d
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  15. Macalester College, Katharine Ordway Natural History Study Area 'Turkey Tail Fungus (Trametes versicolor)'. Available at: https://www.macalester.edu/ordway/biodiversity/inventory/turkeytailfungus/ Traditional / reference
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  16. Missouri Department of Conservation 'False Turkey Tail (Stereum ostrea)'. Available at: https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/false-turkey-tail Traditional / reference
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.