Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Field restharrow vs Scots Pine
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Field restharrow and Scots Pine: they share 8 indicated uses (cancer (anticancer research), urinary support, urinary tract infection (uti), …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Field restharrow | Scots Pine | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Urinary support | 9/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Swelling / fluid retention | 7/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Infection (general) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Wounds | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Skin irritation | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Inflammation (general) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.
alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.
Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).
A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.
The needle oil is dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, chiefly alpha-pinene, giving the characteristic resinous scent and much of its antimicrobial activity.
The resinous sap/pitch, traditionally used topically for wounds and skin complaints.
The needle is traditionally valued as a source of vitamin C, particularly in winter.
Pharmacological Actions
Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.
Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).
Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).
Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).
Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).
Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anticancer action
Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.
Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.
inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use
inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action
inferred from antimicrobial action
Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.
inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from expectorant action
inferred from anticancer action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.
Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).
Generally safe in normal amounts. Pine essential oil should not be ingested; topical use only in diluted form. May irritate airways in high concentrations. Allergic reactions to pine pollen and resin are common. Turpentine products are irritant and potentially toxic if ingested.
Duke (2002) rates Scotch pine as + and notes antiseptic, antibacterial (score 1), and bronchospasmolytic activities. Commission E (KOM) and PhEur (PIP) approve pine needle preparations for topical use in rheumatic and neuralgic conditions and for inhalations in upper respiratory catarrh. Duke cautions that pine needle oil should not be inhaled by patients with severe asthma, whooping cough, or laryngospasm. Pine bud preparations are traditionally used for bronchitis and sinus congestion. Dose: 100–200 mg essential oil in ointment or cream for topical use (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Synonyms
Not documented
Botanical Description
A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]
Evergreen coniferous tree (Pinaceae), 15-35 m tall, with a long, straight trunk at maturity, distinctive orange-red flaking bark in the upper crown and grey-brown fissured bark at the base. Needles are blue-green, borne in pairs (fascicles of two) with a papery basal sheath. Small yellow male cones release pollen in spring; female cones are woody and mature over two years.[11]
Habitat
Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]
Native across northern and central Europe and Siberia - the most widely distributed pine species in the world - forming extensive boreal and montane forests on poor, sandy or peaty, acidic soils; a pioneer species tolerant of dry, nutrient-poor ground.[11]
Harvesting
The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]
Young shoots ('candles') and needles are gathered in spring; bark is stripped from felled or cultivated trees; resin/sap is tapped from the trunk. Needle-bearing twigs can be cut for tea and for steam distillation of the essential oil year-round.[11]
Traditional Uses
Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]
Scots pine has a long northern European tradition as a source of resinous, aromatic preparations for respiratory complaints (coughs, bronchitis, catarrh) and topical rheumatic/muscular remedies, and pine-needle tea has traditionally been valued as a vitamin-C-rich winter tonic. Modern research on the needle essential oil supports antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and expectorant activity.[11, 12]
Preparations
The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.
The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.
A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.
Fresh or dried young needles steeped in hot water - the traditional vitamin-C-rich tonic tea. Only use needles from a certainly identified pine, never yew (see dangerous look-alikes).
Steam-distilled from the needles; used diluted in ointments, chest rubs or steam inhalation for respiratory complaints.
References
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Pairings
Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]
Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]
Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]
Not documented
Lookalikes Review
Dosage
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Capillary%20electrophoretic%20analysis%20of%20hydroxycinnamic%20acids%20from%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L. - Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1982) 'Pharmacognosy study of Ononis arvensis L. II. Flavonoids and onocerin in the drug', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 31(1), pp. 24-26. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pharmacognosy%20study%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20II.%20Flavonoids%20and%20onocerin%20in%20the%20drug - Rezacova, A. and Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1978) 'A pharmacognostic study of the species Ononis arvensis L', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 27(10), pp. 452-455. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20pharmacognostic%20study%20of%20the%20species%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L. - Felsberg, A.A. and Rosentsveig, P.E (1965) 'A comparative phytochemical study of the roots of Ononis arvensis L. and Ononis spinosa L', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(6), pp. 26-32. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20comparative%20phytochemical%20study%20of%20the%20roots%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L. - Sichinava, M.B. and Mchelidze, K.Z. and Churadze, M.V. and Alaniia, M.D. and Aneli, D.N (2014) 'Chemical composition and microstructural peculiarities of overground and underground vegetative organs of field restharrow (Ononis arvensis L.)', Georgian Medical News, (231), pp. 88-94. Preclinical
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.