Plant Comparison

Black Cumin vs White clover

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ABlack CuminNigella sativaRanunculaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BWhite cloverTrifolium repensFabaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Black Cumin and White clover: they share 9 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, blood sugar / diabetes support, cancer (anticancer research), …); 6 pharmacological actions in common.

Black CuminWhite clover

Constituents53

Pharmacological actions911

Indicated uses1715

Safety notes22

Cited sources2433

Indicated uses

Only Black Cumin

Acid refluxBack painBloatingHeadacheIndigestionMetabolic supportPain (general)Respiratory support

Shared (9)

Arthritis / joint painBlood sugar / diabetes supportCancer (anticancer research)Cold & fluImmune supportInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds

Only White clover

BruisingMenstrual crampsMuscle spasmKidney supportLiver supportCognitive function

Pharmacological actions

Only Black Cumin

Analgesic (pain relief)Digestive aidGastroprotective

Shared (6)

Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)AntimicrobialAntioxidantImmunomodulator / immune support

Only White clover

AntispasmodicVulnerary (wound healing)Nephroprotective (kidney support)Hepatoprotective (liver support)Neuroprotective / cognition support

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Black Cumin	White clover	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Blood sugar / diabetes support	5/10	2/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Cancer (anticancer research)	7/10	2/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Cold & flu	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Immune support	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Infection (general)	5/10	2/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Inflammation (general)	5/10	2/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Skin irritation	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Wounds	5/10	7/10	Stronger for White clover

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Thymoquinone^{[3, 9]}

The principal bioactive constituent of the seed oil, responsible for much of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Volatile oil (nigellone, thymol, carvacrol)^[3]

The aromatic fraction of the seed, contributing antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

Essential (volatile) oilThymolCarvacrol

Fixed oil (linoleic acid, oleic acid)^[1]

The bulk lipid fraction of the seed (roughly a third of seed weight by weight), the carrier for the fat-soluble thymoquinone.

Alkaloids (nigellicine, nigellidine)^[1]

Minor isoquinoline-type alkaloids studied for antioxidant activity.

Alkaloids

Saponins (alpha-hederin)^[1]

Triterpene saponin studied for anticancer and antiparasitic activity.

Saponins

Isoflavones^[32]

Phytoestrogenic isoflavones, present at lower levels than in red clover.

Flavonoids

Cyanogenic glycosides (trace)^[30]

Present in small amounts; not significant in normal food or tea use.

Glycosides

Phenolic acids and flavonoids^[32]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

Phenolic acidsFlavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^{[5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Antimicrobial^{[3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Digestive aid^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Gastroprotective^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 2, 5, 6, 22, 28, 30, 31, 32]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32]}

Antispasmodic^{[30, 31, 32]}

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[2, 30, 31, 32]}

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[1, 7, 13, 30, 31, 32]}

Nephroprotective (kidney support)^[4]

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[3, 10]}

Hepatoprotective (liver support)^[9]

Antimicrobial^{[12, 18, 22, 26, 28]}

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^{[10, 20]}

Neuroprotective / cognition support^{[22, 23]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Acid reflux^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from gastroprotective action

Evidence: 5

Label: Acid reflux

Arthritis / joint pain^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Back pain

Bloating^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 5

Label: Bloating

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cancer (anticancer research)^[7]Good · 7/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 7

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 5

Label: Cold & flu

Headache^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Headache

Immune support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Immune support

Indigestion^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 5

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Metabolic support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Metabolic support

Pain (general)^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Pain (general)

Respiratory support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bruising^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bruising

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[3, 10]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 1

Label: Cold & flu

Immune support^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Immune support

Inflammation (general)^{[6, 30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Inflammation (general)

Menstrual cramps^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Menstrual cramps

Muscle spasm^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Muscle spasm

Skin irritation^{[30, 31, 32]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[1, 7, 13, 30, 31, 32]}Good · 7/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 7

Label: Wounds

Kidney support^[4]Traditional · 2/10

Evidence: 2

Label: Kidney support

Liver support^[9]Traditional · 2/10

Evidence: 2

Label: Liver support

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[10, 20]}Traditional · 2/10

Evidence: 2

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Infection (general)^{[12, 18, 22, 26]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2

Label: Infection (general)

Cognitive function^{[22, 23]}Traditional · 2/10

Evidence: 2

Label: Cognitive function

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Caution

Generally well-tolerated in clinical trials at doses up to 200 mg/day of oil for 90 days. Potential side effects may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential uterine stimulant effects. May interact with immunosuppressants and antidiabetic medications. Allergic reactions possible in sensitive individuals. Consult healthcare provider before use, especially with concurrent medications.

Safety note^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Caution

Duke (2002) describes black cumin (Nigella sativa) as one of the most multi-active medicinal spices, with experimental evidence for bronchodilation, immunostimulation, hepatoprotection, and antihistaminic activity. The prophet Muhammad reportedly described it as 'a cure for all things except death.' Key bioactive compounds include thymoquinone and nigellone. Antihistaminic and bronchodilatory activity supports its traditional use in asthma and allergic conditions. Duke notes it is generally safe at culinary amounts but recommends caution with medicinal doses in pregnancy due to potential uterotonic effects (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[30, 31, 32]}Caution

Generally very safe as a food and in moderate herbal use. Cyanogenic glucosides present in very small amounts — not significant in normal food or tea use. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens (as in red clover) — same precautions apply in hormone-sensitive conditions. Well tolerated by most people.

Safety note^{[30, 31, 32, 33]}Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for white clover (Trifolium repens) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

External Ids

Gbif: 5371700

Wikidata: Q160575

Gbif: 5358748

Wikidata: Q148675

Botanical Description

Annual herb (Ranunculaceae), 20-90 cm tall, with an erect, branched stem and finely divided, pinnately dissected, fern-like leaves. Delicate pale blue-white (occasionally pale purple) flowers, each with 5-10 petal-like sepals, are surrounded by a feathery bract collar. The fruit is an inflated, many-celled capsule that dries and splits to release numerous small, black, angular seeds - the medicinal part.^[1]

Height: 20-90 cm

Habit: Erect, branched annual herb

Leaves: Finely pinnately dissected, fern-like

Flowers: Pale blue-white (occasionally pale purple), 5-10 petal-like sepals, feathery bract collar

Stem: Erect, branched

Root: Slender taproot

Fruit: Inflated capsule splitting to release small black angular seeds

Flowering Period: June-August

Low, creeping perennial herb rooting at the nodes, with trifoliate leaves, each leaflet oval and often marked with a pale chevron. Rounded white (sometimes pink-tinged) flower heads are borne on long stalks above the foliage.^[30]

Height: 5-15 cm (creeping, flower stalks slightly taller)

Habit: Low, creeping, mat-forming perennial herb

Leaves: Trifoliate, each leaflet oval, often marked with a pale chevron

Flowers: Rounded white (sometimes pink-tinged) heads of small pea-like flowers on long stalks

Stem: Creeping, rooting at the nodes

Root: Fibrous roots with nitrogen-fixing nodules

Fruit: Small pod containing 3-4 seeds

Flowering Period: May-October

Habitat

Native to the Mediterranean basin, southern Europe, western Asia and North Africa, and widely cultivated as a spice and medicinal crop across the Middle East, South Asia and North Africa; grows in cultivated fields and on disturbed ground.^[1]

Grows in lawns, pastures, meadows and grassy waste ground; native to Europe and western Asia and now naturalised worldwide, including as a common lawn and forage plant.^[30]

Harvesting

Seed capsules are harvested once dried and brown (late summer), then threshed to release the small black seeds. Seed is stored whole and either used directly or cold-pressed for oil shortly before use to preserve the volatile thymoquinone-rich fraction.^[1]

Parts: Seed

Season: Late summer, once capsules have dried

Flowering heads and leaves are picked through the flowering season and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place.^[30]

Parts: Flower, Leaf

Season: May-October

Traditional Uses

One of the most celebrated medicinal seeds in Middle Eastern and Islamic traditional medicine - known as 'Habbatul Barakah' (the blessed seed) - black seed has traditionally been used for digestive complaints, respiratory conditions (asthma, cough), pain, inflammation, skin conditions and as a general tonic. Modern research on its principal constituent thymoquinone supports broad anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activity.^{[1, 2, 9]}

White clover has a folk tradition, similar to but lighter than its relative red clover, as an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing remedy and mild expectorant, and modern research on its isoflavones and phenolics has additionally investigated antioxidant, kidney-protective and liver-protective activity.^{[30, 31, 32]}

Preparations

Whole or ground seed^[1]

Seed eaten directly, sprinkled on food, or ground into a paste - the traditional culinary-medicinal form.

Cold-pressed seed oil^{[3, 9]}

The form most used in clinical trials, taken orally in capsules or as a liquid.

Infusion (flower/leaf)^[30]

Dried flower and leaf infused in hot water as a traditional mild tonic and expectorant tea.

Dosage

Seed oil^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Clinical trials have generally been well tolerated at doses up to about 200 mg/day of oil taken for up to 90 days. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy.

Not documented

References

REF-2065, REF-2066, REF-2067, REF-2068, REF-2069, REF-2070, REF-2071, REF-2072, REF-2073, REF-2074, REF-2075

REF-1323, REF-1324, REF-1325, REF-1326, REF-1327, REF-2366, REF-2367, REF-2368, REF-2369, REF-2901, REF-2902, REF-2903, REF-2904, REF-2905, REF-2906, REF-2907, REF-2908, REF-2909, REF-2910, REF-2935, REF-2936, REF-2937, REF-2938, REF-2939, REF-2940, REF-2941, REF-2942, REF-2943, REF-2944

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note^{[20, 21, 22]}Caution

Drug Class: antidiabetics

Mechanism: Black seed (Nigella sativa) lowers fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in trials in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (confirmed by meta-analysis); combined with diabetes medicines it may add to blood-sugar lowering, so monitor blood sugar.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[23, 24]}Caution

Drug Class: antihypertensives

Mechanism: Black seed (Nigella sativa) modestly lowers blood pressure - two meta-analyses of randomised trials found reductions of roughly 3 mmHg systolic and 3 mmHg diastolic. Combined with blood-pressure medicines it may add to their effect, so monitor your blood pressure.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061784
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Chatterjee, G., Saha, A.K., Khurshid, S. and Saha, A (2025) 'A Comprehensive Review of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Therapeutic Efficacies of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Oil and Its Thymoquinone', Journal of Medicinal Food, 28(4), pp. 325-339. doi:10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0149 Meta-analysis / review
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Hannan MA, Rahman MA, Sohag AAM, et al. Black cumin (2021) ';13(6):1784', 13(6). doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.625386/full Randomized trial
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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5633670/
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Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, R., Golzarand, M., Ghaffari, M.P. and Djafarian, K (2017) 'Nigella sativa improves glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 35, pp. 6-13. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.016 Meta-analysis / review
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Sahebkar, A., Soranna, D., Liu, X., Thomopoulos, C., Simental-Mendia, L.E., Derosa, G., Maffioli, P. and Parati, G (2016) 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of supplementation with Nigella sativa (black seed) on blood pressure', Journal of Hypertension, 34(11), pp. 2127-2135. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001049 Meta-analysis / review
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Ngangom, L., Venugopal, D. and Pandey, N (2024) 'Investigation of Trifolium repens L. from the Indian Himalayan region as a phyto-therapeutic agent', Natural Product Research, 38(24), pp. 4468-4478. doi:10.1080/14786419.2023.2299319 Meta-analysis / review
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Renda, G. and Yalçın, F.N. and Nemutlu, E. and Akkol, E.K. and Süntar, I. and Keleş, H. and Ina, H. and Çalış, I. and Ersöz, T (2013) 'Comparative assessment of dermal wound healing potentials of various Trifolium L. extracts and determination of their isoflavone contents as potential active ingredients', J Ethnopharmacol, 148(2), pp. 423-32. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.031 Preclinical
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Prati, S. and Baravelli, V. and Fabbri, D. and Schwarzinger, C. and Brandolini, V. and Maietti, A. and Tedeschi, P. and Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. and Marotti, I. and Bonetti, A. and Catizone, P. and Dinelli, G (2007) 'Composition and content of seed flavonoids in forage and grain legume crops', J Sep Sci, 30(4), pp. 491-501. doi:10.1002/jssc.200600383 Preclinical
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.