Plant Comparison

Black Cumin vs Dandelion

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ABlack CuminNigella sativaRanunculaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BDandelionTaraxacum officinaleAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Black Cumin and Dandelion: they share 9 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, cancer (anticancer research), …); 6 pharmacological actions in common.

Black CuminDandelion

Constituents54

Pharmacological actions916

Indicated uses1717

Safety notes25

Cited sources2456

Indicated uses

Only Black Cumin

Acid refluxBack painBlood sugar / diabetes supportCold & fluHeadacheMetabolic supportPain (general)Respiratory support

Shared (9)

Arthritis / joint painBloatingCancer (anticancer research)Immune supportIndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds

Only Dandelion

Loss of appetiteConstipationDetox / cleansingLiver supportSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)Cardiovascular / heart health

Pharmacological actions

Only Black Cumin

Analgesic (pain relief)Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)Gastroprotective

Shared (6)

Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntioxidantDigestive aidImmunomodulator / immune support

Only Dandelion

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachicCholeretic / cholagogue (bile flow)DiureticHepatoprotective (liver support)LaxativePrebioticLipid-loweringAntiviralNeuroprotective / cognition supportAntihypertensive

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Black Cumin	Dandelion	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Bloating	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Cancer (anticancer research)	7/10	2/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Immune support	5/10	2/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Indigestion	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Infection (general)	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Inflammation (general)	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Skin irritation	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin
Wounds	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Black Cumin

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Thymoquinone^{[3, 9]}

The principal bioactive constituent of the seed oil, responsible for much of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Volatile oil (nigellone, thymol, carvacrol)^[3]

The aromatic fraction of the seed, contributing antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

Essential (volatile) oilThymolCarvacrol

Fixed oil (linoleic acid, oleic acid)^[1]

The bulk lipid fraction of the seed (roughly a third of seed weight by weight), the carrier for the fat-soluble thymoquinone.

Alkaloids (nigellicine, nigellidine)^[1]

Minor isoquinoline-type alkaloids studied for antioxidant activity.

Alkaloids

Saponins (alpha-hederin)^[1]

Triterpene saponin studied for anticancer and antiparasitic activity.

Saponins

Sesquiterpene lactones^{[20, 50, 51]}

Bitter principles (e.g. taraxacin) responsible for the characteristic bitterness and bitter-tonic action.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenes

Triterpenes and plant sterols^{[50, 52]}

Including taraxasterol; contribute to anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective signals.

Terpenes / terpenoidsPhytosterols

Phenolic acids and flavonoids^{[17, 21, 22, 52, 53]}

Antioxidant constituents (e.g. chicoric acid, luteolin derivatives).

Phenolic acidsFlavonoidsLuteolin

Inulin^{[50, 53]}

Fructan storage carbohydrate; prebiotic fibre concentrated in the autumn root.

PolysaccharidesInulin

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^{[5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Antimicrobial^{[3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Digestive aid^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Gastroprotective^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[14, 15, 16, 22, 25, 26, 30, 43, 44, 50, 52]}

Parts: Whole plant

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[18, 23, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]}

Antimicrobial^{[32, 52]}

Parts: Whole plant

Antioxidant^{[16, 21, 23, 28, 31, 52, 53]}

Parts: Whole plant

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic^{[50, 54]}

Parts: Leaf

Choleretic / cholagogue (bile flow)^{[50, 51]}

Choleretic (stimulates bile flow)

Parts: Leaf, Root

Digestive aid^{[50, 54]}

Parts: Leaf

Diuretic^{[47, 50, 51, 55]}

Diuretic (potassium-sparing)

Parts: Leaf

Hepatoprotective (liver support)^{[15, 25, 29, 42, 50, 51, 53]}

Hepatic (liver) support

Parts: Root

Laxative^{[50, 54]}

Parts: Root

Prebiotic^{[50, 53]}

Prebiotic (inulin-rich, especially autumn root)

Parts: Root

Lipid-lowering^{[31, 34]}

Antiviral^[42]

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[43, 45]}

Neuroprotective / cognition support^[44]

Antihypertensive^[46]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Acid reflux^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from gastroprotective action

Evidence: 5

Label: Acid reflux

Arthritis / joint pain^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Back pain

Bloating^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 5

Label: Bloating

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cancer (anticancer research)^[7]Good · 7/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 7

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 5

Label: Cold & flu

Headache^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Headache

Immune support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Immune support

Indigestion^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 5

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Metabolic support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Metabolic support

Pain (general)^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Pain (general)

Respiratory support^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Wounds

Loss of appetite^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Loss of appetite

Arthritis / joint pain^{[50, 52]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bloating^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[18, 23, 27, 35]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Constipation^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from laxative action

Evidence: 1

Label: Constipation

Detox / cleansing^{[50, 51, 53]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from hepatoprotective action

Evidence: 1

Label: Detox / cleansing

Indigestion^{[50, 54]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^[52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[50, 52]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Liver support^{[50, 51]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from choleretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Liver support

Skin irritation^{[50, 52]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Swelling / fluid retention^{[50, 51, 55]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

Urinary support^{[50, 51, 55]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Urinary support

Urinary tract infection (UTI)^{[50, 51, 55]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5

Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Wounds^[52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Cardiovascular / heart health^{[31, 46]}Traditional · 2/10

Dandelion root and leaf lowered serum lipids and oxidative stress (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cardiovascular / heart health

Immune support^{[43, 45]}Traditional · 2/10

Taraxasterol modulated the inflammatory/immune response in endotoxic shock (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Immune support

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}Caution

Generally well-tolerated in clinical trials at doses up to 200 mg/day of oil for 90 days. Potential side effects may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential uterine stimulant effects. May interact with immunosuppressants and antidiabetic medications. Allergic reactions possible in sensitive individuals. Consult healthcare provider before use, especially with concurrent medications.

Safety note^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}Caution

Duke (2002) describes black cumin (Nigella sativa) as one of the most multi-active medicinal spices, with experimental evidence for bronchodilation, immunostimulation, hepatoprotection, and antihistaminic activity. The prophet Muhammad reportedly described it as 'a cure for all things except death.' Key bioactive compounds include thymoquinone and nigellone. Antihistaminic and bronchodilatory activity supports its traditional use in asthma and allergic conditions. Duke notes it is generally safe at culinary amounts but recommends caution with medicinal doses in pregnancy due to potential uterotonic effects (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[54, 56]}Info

Allergy risk in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae (daisy family) plants such as ragweed and chamomile.

Safety note^[54]Caution

Avoid medicinal use in anyone with a blocked bile duct or gallstones; use caution with gallbladder or serious liver disease.

Safety note^{[54, 56]}Caution

May potentiate prescription diuretics; possible interactions with lithium and drugs metabolised by the liver.

Safety note^{[51, 54]}Info

Can accumulate soil pollutants and heavy metals; harvest from clean, unpolluted sites.

Safety note^[54]Caution

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding should be guided by a qualified practitioner. Herbal use should support, not replace, conventional medical care.

External Ids

Gbif: 5371700

Wikidata: Q160575

Gbif: 5394163

Wikidata: Q131219

Botanical Description

Annual herb (Ranunculaceae), 20-90 cm tall, with an erect, branched stem and finely divided, pinnately dissected, fern-like leaves. Delicate pale blue-white (occasionally pale purple) flowers, each with 5-10 petal-like sepals, are surrounded by a feathery bract collar. The fruit is an inflated, many-celled capsule that dries and splits to release numerous small, black, angular seeds - the medicinal part.^[1]

Height: 20-90 cm

Habit: Erect, branched annual herb

Leaves: Finely pinnately dissected, fern-like

Flowers: Pale blue-white (occasionally pale purple), 5-10 petal-like sepals, feathery bract collar

Stem: Erect, branched

Root: Slender taproot

Fruit: Inflated capsule splitting to release small black angular seeds

Flowering Period: June-August

Perennial herb (Asteraceae) with a deep taproot, forming a basal rosette of deeply toothed, lance-shaped leaves - the name 'dandelion' comes from the French 'dent-de-lion', lion's tooth. Hollow flowering stalks each bear a single, bright yellow composite flower head made entirely of ray florets, followed by the familiar spherical 'clock' of parachute-tufted seeds (achenes) that disperse on the wind.^[50]

Height: Low rosette; flowering stalks 5-40 cm

Habit: Deep-taprooted perennial rosette herb

Leaves: Deeply toothed, lance-shaped, in a basal rosette

Flowers: Single, bright yellow composite head of ray florets, on a hollow stalk

Stem: Hollow flowering stalk (scape), leafless

Root: Deep taproot

Fruit: Small achenes with a parachute-like pappus (the "clock")

Flowering Period: Can flower almost year-round, peaking March-October

Habitat

Native to the Mediterranean basin, southern Europe, western Asia and North Africa, and widely cultivated as a spice and medicinal crop across the Middle East, South Asia and North Africa; grows in cultivated fields and on disturbed ground.^[1]

Native to Europe and Asia, now a cosmopolitan weed found on every continent except Antarctica; grows in lawns, meadows, roadsides, waste ground and disturbed soil of almost any type.^[50]

Harvesting

Seed capsules are harvested once dried and brown (late summer), then threshed to release the small black seeds. Seed is stored whole and either used directly or cold-pressed for oil shortly before use to preserve the volatile thymoquinone-rich fraction.^[1]

Parts: Seed

Season: Late summer, once capsules have dried

Leaves are picked young in spring for the mildest flavour; the root is dug in autumn (traditionally after the first frost), when its inulin and bitter-principle content is considered optimal; flowers are picked as they open.^{[50, 53]}

Parts: Leaf, Root, Flower

Season: Leaf in spring; root in autumn; flower as it opens

Traditional Uses

One of the most celebrated medicinal seeds in Middle Eastern and Islamic traditional medicine - known as 'Habbatul Barakah' (the blessed seed) - black seed has traditionally been used for digestive complaints, respiratory conditions (asthma, cough), pain, inflammation, skin conditions and as a general tonic. Modern research on its principal constituent thymoquinone supports broad anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activity.^{[1, 2, 9]}

Dandelion is one of the most widely used bitter tonic herbs worldwide, traditionally taken as a digestive bitter and mild diuretic - the French name 'pissenlit' (wet-the-bed) reflects this - and the root specifically as a liver and gallbladder tonic. Every part is also used as food: spring greens, roasted-root coffee substitute, and flower wine.^[50]

Preparations

Whole or ground seed^[1]

Seed eaten directly, sprinkled on food, or ground into a paste - the traditional culinary-medicinal form.

Cold-pressed seed oil^{[3, 9]}

The form most used in clinical trials, taken orally in capsules or as a liquid.

Leaf infusion/salad (fresh or dried)^[50]

Fresh young leaves eaten as a bitter salad green, or dried leaf infused as tea - the traditional digestive/diuretic preparation.

Root decoction^[50]

Dried root simmered in water - the traditional liver-tonic preparation.

Dosage

Seed oil^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]}

Clinical trials have generally been well tolerated at doses up to about 200 mg/day of oil taken for up to 90 days. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy.

Leaf/root infusion or decoction^{[50, 54]}

Traditional guidance suggests roughly 4-10 g dried leaf, or 2-8 g dried root, per day as an infusion or decoction, divided into 2-3 doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in bile-duct obstruction or gallstones, and harvest away from polluted ground.

References

REF-2065, REF-2066, REF-2067, REF-2068, REF-2069, REF-2070, REF-2071, REF-2072, REF-2073, REF-2074, REF-2075

REF-0248, REF-0320, REF-0322, REF-0323, REF-0324, REF-0325, REF-0327, REF-0330, REF-0331, REF-0334, REF-0335, REF-0336, REF-0337, REF-2387, REF-2388, REF-2389, REF-2390, REF-2391, REF-2392, REF-2393, REF-2394, REF-2395, REF-2396, REF-2945, REF-2946, REF-2947, REF-2948, REF-2949, REF-2950, REF-2951, REF-2952, REF-2953, REF-2954, REF-2955, REF-2956, REF-2957, REF-2958, REF-2959, REF-2960, REF-2961, REF-2962, REF-2963, REF-2964, REF-2965, REF-2966, REF-2967, REF-2968, REF-0070, REF-0264

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note^{[20, 21, 22]}Caution

Drug Class: antidiabetics

Mechanism: Black seed (Nigella sativa) lowers fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in trials in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (confirmed by meta-analysis); combined with diabetes medicines it may add to blood-sugar lowering, so monitor blood sugar.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[23, 24]}Caution

Drug Class: antihypertensives

Mechanism: Black seed (Nigella sativa) modestly lowers blood pressure - two meta-analyses of randomised trials found reductions of roughly 3 mmHg systolic and 3 mmHg diastolic. Combined with blood-pressure medicines it may add to their effect, so monitor your blood pressure.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

Hannan, M.A., Rahman, M.A., Sohag, A.A.M., Uddin, M.J., Dash, R., Sikder, M.H., Rahman, M.S., Timalsina, B., Munni, Y.A. and Sarker, P.P (2021) 'Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.): A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry, Health Benefits, Molecular Pharmacology, and Safety', Nutrients, 13(6), pp. 1784. doi:10.3390/nu13061784 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061784
Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S.A., Najmi, A.K., Siddique, N.A., Damanhouri, Z.A. and Anwar, F (2013) 'A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb', Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(5), pp. 337-352. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1
Chatterjee, G., Saha, A.K., Khurshid, S. and Saha, A (2025) 'A Comprehensive Review of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Therapeutic Efficacies of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Oil and Its Thymoquinone', Journal of Medicinal Food, 28(4), pp. 325-339. doi:10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0149 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0149
Majdalawieh, A.F. and Fayyad, M.W (2015) 'Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: A comprehensive review', International Immunopharmacology, 28(1), pp. 295-304. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.023 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.023
Shaukat, A., Zaidi, A., Anwar, H. and Kizilbash, N (2023) 'Mechanism of the antidiabetic action of Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: a review', Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, pp. 1126272. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1126272 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1126272
Beheshti, F., Khazaei, M. and Hosseini, M (2016) 'Neuropharmacological effects of Nigella sativa', Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 6(1), pp. 104-116. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Neuropharmacological%20effects%20of%20Nigella%20sativa
Shafiq, H., Ahmad, A., Masud, T. and Kaleem, M (2014) 'Cardio-protective and anti-cancer therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa', Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), pp. 967-979. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cardio-protective%20and%20anti-cancer%20therapeutic%20potential%20of%20Nigella%20sativa
Bordoni, L., Fedeli, D., Nasuti, C., Maggi, F., Papa, F., Wabitsch, M., De Caterina, R. and Gabbianelli, R (2019) 'Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Nigella sativa Oil in Human Pre-Adipocytes', Antioxidants, 8(2), pp. 51. doi:10.3390/antiox8020051 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8020051
Gholamnezhad, Z., Havakhah, S. and Boskabady, M.H (2016) 'Preclinical and clinical effects of Nigella sativa and its constituent, thymoquinone: A review', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 190, pp. 372-386. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.061 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.061
Ali, B.H. and Blunden, G (2003) 'Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa', Phytotherapy Research, 17(4), pp. 299-305. doi:10.1002/ptr.1309 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1309
Al-Attass, S.A., Zahran, F.M. and Turkistany, S.A (2016) 'Nigella sativa and its active constituent thymoquinone in oral health', Saudi Medical Journal, 37(3), pp. 235-244. doi:10.15537/smj.2016.3.13006 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.3.13006
Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, et al. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3 (2013) ';3(5):337-352', 3(5). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3642442/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3642442/
Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Sisakhtnezhad S. Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res. 2015;95-96:138-158. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4387230/ (2015) ';95-96:138-158'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4387230/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4387230/
Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BSF, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, antimicrobial pharmacology and toxicology of Nigella sativa L. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;142:112040. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221009665 (2021) ';142:112040'. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221009665 Traditional / reference
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221009665
Gholamnezhad Z, Keyhanmanesh R, Boskabady MH. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory aspects of Nigella sativa for its preventive and bronchodilatory effects on obstructive respiratory diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;136:111240. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221002778 (2021) ';136:111240'. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221002778 Traditional / reference
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221002778
Hannan MA, Rahman MA, Sohag AAM, et al. Black cumin (2021) ';13(6):1784', 13(6). doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.625386/full Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.625386/full
Kooti W, Hasanzadeh-Noohi Z, Sharafi-Ahvazi N, et al. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic uses of black seed (2016) ';22(3):231-237', 22(3). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8225153/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8225153/
Tavakkoli A, Mahdian V, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review on clinical trials of black seed (2017) ';20(3):179-193', 20(3). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5633670/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5633670/
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Saadati, S., Naseri, K., Asbaghi, O., Abhari, K., Zhang, P., Li, H.B. and Gan, R.Y (2022) 'Nigella sativa supplementation improves cardiometabolic indicators in population with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, pp. 977756. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.977756 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.977756
Willcox, M.L., Elugbaju, C., Al-Anbaki, M., Lown, M. and Graz, B (2021) 'Effectiveness of Medicinal Plants for Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 777561. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.777561 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.777561
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Epure, A. and Parvu, A.E. and Vlase, L. and Benedec, D. and Hanganu, D. and Oniga, O. and Vlase, A.M. and Ielciu, I. and Toiu, A. and Oniga, I (2023) 'New Approaches on the Anti-Inflammatory and Cardioprotective Properties of Taraxacum officinale Tincture', Pharmaceuticals, 16(3), pp. 358. doi:10.3390/ph16030358 Preclinical
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Laila, U. and Kaur, J. and Sharma, K. and Singh, J. and Rasane, P. and Kaur, S. and Bhadariya, V (2025) 'Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale): A Promising Source of Nutritional and Therapeutic Compounds', Recent Advances in Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 16(1), pp. 41-56. doi:10.2174/012772574X293072240217185616 Meta-analysis / review
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Ahmadi, S. and Saberivand, A. and Jalili, C. and Asadpour, R. and Khordadmehr, M. and Saberivand, M (2023) 'Hydroalcoholic extract of Taraxacum officinale induces apoptosis and autophagy in 4T1 breast cancer cells', Veterinary Research Forum, 14(9), pp. 507-513. doi:10.30466/vrf.2023.1985987.3726 Preclinical
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Kamal, F.Z. and Lefter, R. and Mihai, C.T. and Farah, H. and Ciobica, A. and Ali, A. and Radu, I. and Mavroudis, I. and Ech-Chahad, A (2022) 'Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Taraxacum officinale Essential Oil', Molecules, 27(19), pp. 6477. doi:10.3390/molecules27196477 Preclinical
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Pfingstgraf, I.O. and Taulescu, M. and Pop, R.M. and Orăsan, R. and Vlase, L. and Uifălean, A. and Todea, D.A. and Alexescu, T. and Toma, C. and Pârvu, A.E (2021) 'Protective Effects of Taraxacum officinale L. (Dandelion) Root Extract in Experimental Acute on Chronic Liver Failure', Antioxidants. doi:10.3390/antiox10040504 Preclinical
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Ren, F. and Zhang, Y. and Qin, Y. and Shang, J. and Wang, Y. and Wei, P. and Guo, J. and Jia, H. and Zhao, T (2022) 'Taraxasterol prompted the anti-tumor effect in mice burden hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating T lymphocytes', Cell Death Discovery. doi:10.1038/s41420-022-01059-5 Preclinical
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Nassan, M.A. and Soliman, M.M. and Ismail, S. and El‐Shazly, S.A (2018) 'Effect of Taraxacum officinale extract on PI3K/Akt pathway in DMBA-induced breast cancer in albino rats', Bioscience Reports. doi:10.1042/bsr20180334 Preclinical
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Nguyen, C. and Mehaidli, A. and Baskaran, K. and Grewal, S. and Pupulin, A. and Ruvinov, I. and Scaria, B. and Parashar, K. and Vegh, C. and Pandey, S (2019) 'Dandelion Root and Lemongrass Extracts Induce Apoptosis, Enhance Chemotherapeutic Efficacy, and Reduce Tumour Xenograft Growth In Vivo in Prostate Cancer', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi:10.1155/2019/2951428 Preclinical
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Yang, Y. and Ying, G. and Wu, S. and Wu, F. and Chen, Z (2020) 'In vitro inhibition effects of hepatitis B virus by dandelion and taraxasterol', Infectious Agents and Cancer. doi:10.1186/s13027-020-00309-4 Preclinical
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Zhang, X. and Xiong, H. and Li, H. and Cheng, Y (2013) 'Protective effect of taraxasterol against LPS-induced endotoxic shock by modulating inflammatory responses in mice', Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. doi:10.3109/08923973.2013.861482 Preclinical
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.