Plant Comparison

Catnip vs Common Sorrel

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant ACatnipNepeta catariaLamiaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BCommon SorrelRumex acetosaPolygonaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Catnip and Common Sorrel: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, indigestion, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.

CatnipCommon Sorrel
Constituents34
Pharmacological actions45
Indicated uses910
Safety notes22
Cited sources1716
Indicated uses
Only Catnip
Insomnia / sleeplessnessRespiratory support
Shared (7)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingIndigestionInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Common Sorrel
Swelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Pharmacological actions
Only Catnip
Sedative / sleep support
Shared (3)
Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialDigestive aid
Only Common Sorrel
AntioxidantDiuretic

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionCatnipCommon SorrelVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/101/10Comparable evidence
Bloating1/101/10Comparable evidence
Indigestion1/102/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)1/102/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/101/10Comparable evidence
Wounds1/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Iridoid monoterpenes (nepetalactone)[2, 6]

The characteristic volatile iridoid responsible for the cat-attractant effect and studied for sedative, antimicrobial and insect-repellent activity.

Terpenes / terpenoids
Essential oil[5]

Rich in nepetalactone isomers along with other monoterpenes; studied for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

Essential (volatile) oil
Flavonoids[3]

Contribute to the antioxidant activity of the aerial parts.

Flavonoids
Oxalic acid and oxalates[11]

Gives the leaf its characteristic sour taste; the basis for the caution around kidney stones and mineral absorption at high intakes.

Anthraquinones[3]

Minor constituents typical of the Rumex genus, studied alongside other isolated compounds for antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

Anthraquinones
Flavonoids and tannins[7]

Contribute to antioxidant and mild astringent activity.

FlavonoidsTannins
Vitamin C[11]

The basis for the plant's traditional antiscorbutic (anti-scurvy) reputation.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[12, 13, 14]
Antimicrobial[3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14]
Digestive aid[9, 12, 13, 14]
Sedative / sleep support[12, 13, 14]
Anti-inflammatory[8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Antimicrobial[3, 8, 11, 12, 13]
Antioxidant[7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Digestive aid[9, 11, 12, 13]
Diuretic[11, 12, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[9, 12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Indigestion[9, 12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[3, 5, 12, 13, 14]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Insomnia / sleeplessness[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 1
Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness
Respiratory support[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Respiratory support
Skin irritation[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Indigestion[3, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 2
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[3, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[10, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[8, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[12, 13, 14]Caution

Pregnancy: Do not use (traditional concern around stimulating menstruation/uterus) (Health Canada, n.d.). Breastfeeding: Health Canada advises talk to a healthcare professional first (Health Canada, n.d.). Kids: It’s often described as a “gentle” traditional tea, but large amounts are not a good idea—there’s a published case where a toddler became very sleepy/“slowed down” after consuming a lot. Keep catnip tea away from toddlers unless a clinician advises it (Osterhoudt et al., 1997). Sedatives / alcohol: Catnip can be calming, so don’t stack it with other sedating herbs/sleep meds/alcohol (you could get extra drowsy) (WebMD, n.d.a). Essential oil caution: Catnip essential oil is concentrated. Research notes it may cause mild skin irritation for some people—always dilute, patch test, and never treat it like “tea.” (Reichert et al., 2019)

Safety note[12, 13, 14, 15]Caution

Duke (2002) describes catnip primarily as a sedative, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue with experimental (score 1) support. It has demonstrated uterotonic and oxytocic activity, making it contraindicated in pregnancy. The active compounds include nepetalactone and iridoids. Catnip is classified as a mild nervine and antispasmodic in traditional North American herbal medicine, though clinical trials are lacking. Due to its emmenagogue and uterotonic properties, medicinal-dose use should be avoided during pregnancy (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

High in oxalates (the sour taste): Large, frequent amounts can be a bad idea if you’re prone to kidney or bladder stones, or certain “rheumatic-type” complaints (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, n.d.). Moderation matters: Measured oxalate levels in leaves can be high, and researchers recommend treating sorrel more like an occasional delicacy than a daily staple (Tuazon-Nartea & Savage, 2013). Mineral binding: Oxalic acid can reduce how much calcium you absorb from a meal (Tuazon-Nartea & Savage, 2013). Sensitive stomach/mouth: Very sour leaves can irritate some people (common-sense caution; strongest source is the oxalate discussion above). Pregnancy/lactation: As a normal food herb in culinary amounts is generally considered fine, but avoid high-dose “medicinal” use because safety data are limited (Bello et al., 2019). Foraging safety (important): Sorrel can accumulate heavy metals depending on where it grows; avoid harvesting near roads/industrial areas (Gawęda, 2009).

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Caution

Duke (2002) rates sorrel as ++ and notes diuretic, antiscorbutic (high vitamin C), and depurative activities at experimental and folkloric levels. The plant is traditionally used for anemia, fever, and scurvy prevention. High oxalic acid content is an important consideration — excessive consumption can promote kidney stone formation (oxalate stones) and may be harmful in individuals with gout or existing kidney disease. Duke advises limiting medicinal use and avoiding in those with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 5341499
Wikidata: Q161139
Gbif: 2888951
Wikidata: Q26297

Botanical Description

Perennial herb, 30-100 cm tall, with greyish-green, downy, square stems typical of the mint family. Leaves are opposite, triangular-ovate with scalloped or toothed margins, grey-green above and softly felted (whitish) beneath, releasing a minty-lemony aroma when crushed. Small white flowers, spotted with purple or pink, are borne in dense terminal and axillary spikes. Nepetalactone, the volatile compound famous for its effect on cats, is concentrated in glandular hairs on the leaves and stems.[9]

Height: 30-100 cm
Habit: Erect, bushy, greyish-downy perennial herb
Leaves: Opposite, triangular-ovate, scalloped/toothed, felted white beneath
Flowers: Small, white with purple/pink spotting, in dense terminal and axillary spikes
Stem: Square, greyish-green, downy
Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock
Fruit: Four small nutlets (typical Lamiaceae schizocarp)
Flowering Period: June-September

Perennial herb (Polygonaceae), 30-100 cm tall, with erect, often reddish, ridged flowering stems. Basal leaves are arrow- (hastate-) shaped with backward-pointing basal lobes, and sour-tasting from oxalic acid content. Tiny reddish-brown flowers are borne in narrow, branched spikes; the species is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.[11]

Height: 30-100 cm
Habit: Erect perennial herb, dioecious
Leaves: Arrow- (hastate-) shaped with backward-pointing basal lobes, sour-tasting
Flowers: Tiny, reddish-brown, in narrow branched spikes
Stem: Erect, often reddish, ridged
Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock
Fruit: Small three-angled achenes
Flowering Period: May-June, fruiting through summer

Habitat

Native to Europe and temperate Asia and widely naturalised in North America; grows on disturbed, sunny ground - roadsides, waste places, hedgebanks and dry, calcareous or well-drained soils.[9]

Native throughout Europe and temperate Asia, common in meadows, grassland, pastures and roadside verges on a wide range of soils, tolerating both damp and dry ground.[11]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) are cut at or just before flowering (summer), when volatile nepetalactone content is highest, and dried quickly out of direct light.[2, 9]

Parts: Leaf, Stem, Flower
Season: Summer, at or just before flowering

Leaves are gathered fresh in spring and early summer, before flowering, when they are most tender and least bitter. Avoid harvesting near roads or industrial areas, given the plant's tendency to accumulate heavy metals.[11]

Parts: Leaf, Stem
Season: Spring to early summer, before flowering

Traditional Uses

Catnip has a long North American and European folk-medicine history as a mild sedative/nervine, diaphoretic (fever-reducing, sweat-promoting) remedy, carminative digestive and traditional emmenagogue; it was also given as a children's tea for colic and restlessness, though large amounts are not advised for young children and it is traditionally avoided in pregnancy.[9]

Common sorrel has a long European culinary-medicinal tradition as a refreshing, vitamin-C-rich spring green and digestive bitter, and folk-medicinally as a diuretic and mild antiscorbutic (anti-scurvy) remedy. Modern research confirms antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of its leaf extracts.[11]

Preparations

Infusion (tea)[9]

Dried aerial parts steeped in hot water as a traditional calming, digestive tea.

Essential oil[6]

Steam-distilled from the aerial parts; used mainly as a natural insect repellent (nepetalactone) rather than taken internally.

Fresh leaf (culinary)[11]

Eaten raw in salads or cooked into soups - the traditional spring tonic use.

Infusion (tea)[11]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water, a traditional digestive/diuretic preparation.

Dosage

Infusion (tea)[11]

Health Canada's NNHPD monograph gives 1.2-12 g of dried herb top per day for adults 18 years and older, with infusion among the accepted methods of preparation. Educational reference only, not a prescription. Keep away from toddlers and young children beyond very small amounts, and avoid medicinal-dose use in pregnancy.

Fresh leaf / infusion[11]

Sorrel is best treated as an occasional food rather than a daily medicinal herb, given its oxalate content; traditional infusions use roughly 2-4 g dried leaf per cup, taken occasionally rather than regularly. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid large or frequent amounts if prone to kidney stones or gout.

References

REF-0930, REF-0931, REF-0932, REF-0933, REF-0934, REF-0935, REF-0936, REF-0937, REF-0938, REF-0939
REF-0890, REF-0891, REF-0892, REF-0893, REF-0894, REF-0895, REF-0896, REF-0897, REF-0898, REF-0899

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note[16, 17]Caution
Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants
Mechanism: Catnip is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note[15, 16]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: arum-maculatum
Confused Part: Young arrow-shaped spring leaves gathered as a tangy salad or pot herb; lords-and-ladies pushes up similar arrow-shaped leaves in the same season.
Confusion Context: Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) is foraged in spring for its lemony arrow-shaped leaves. Lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum, cuckoo-pint) unfurls similar arrow- to heart-shaped leaves at the same time and, as the Foraging Course Company notes, can be confused with common sorrel. Arum is one of the commonest causes of plant-poisoning hospital visits: every part contains sharp calcium oxalate crystals that cause intense burning and swelling of the mouth and throat, and severe cases can cause life-threatening throat swelling. Because young sorrel and young Arum both appear as arrow-shaped leaves in spring, this is a genuine hazard.
Distinguishing Features: Flower (decisive when present): lords-and-ladies has an unmistakable hooded flower - a pale green-and-purple cowl (spathe) wrapped around a finger-like spadix. Sorrel has tall slender stems of tiny reddish-brown flowers. A hooded cowl means Arum, never sorrel., Leaf lobes and veins: sorrel leaves have sharply pointed basal lobes that angle backwards and simple veins; Arum leaves are broader and glossy with rounded basal lobes, a netted (reticulate) vein pattern, and are often marked with dark purple-black blotches., Taste (sorrel only - never taste a suspected Arum): true sorrel is soft and pleasantly lemony-sour, whereas Arum is acrid and instantly burns the lips. If any burning or tingling starts, spit it out at once. Do not taste-test unless the flower or leaves have already confirmed sorrel.
Key Test: Look for the flower and leaf detail. A hooded green-purple cowl (spathe), glossy dark leaves with rounded lobes, netted veins and dark blotches = lords-and-ladies (Arum) - do not eat; it burns the mouth and throat. Slim reddish flower spikes with matt leaves, sharp backward-pointing lobes and a pleasant lemony taste = sorrel. If in any doubt, do not eat it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Geissler, M., Neubauer, C., Sheludko, Y.V. and Warzecha, H (2024) 'Nepeta cataria L. (catnip) can serve as a chassis for the engineering of secondary metabolic pathways', Biotechnology Letters, 46(5), pp. 843-850. doi:10.1007/s10529-024-03489-w Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-024-03489-w
  2. Lockhart, A., Simon, J.E. and Wu, Q (2024) 'Stability study of Nepeta cataria iridoids analyzed by LC/MS', Phytochemical Analysis, 35(7), pp. 1674-1687. doi:10.1002/pca.3410 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3410
  3. Nadeem, A., Shahzad, H., Ahmed, B., Muntean, T. and others (2022) 'Phytochemical profiling of antimicrobial and potential antioxidant plant: Nepeta cataria', Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, pp. 969316. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.969316 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.969316
  4. Tan, J., Li, J., Ma, J. and Qiao, F (2019) 'Hepatoprotective effect of essential oils of Nepeta cataria L. on acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction', Bioscience Reports, 39(8), pp. BSR20190697. doi:10.1042/BSR20190697 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20190697
  5. Mollova, S., Dzhurmanski, A., Fidan, H., Bojilov, D. and others (2023) 'Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Nepeta cataria L. Cultivated in Bulgaria and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity', ACS Omega, 8(17), pp. 15441-15449. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c00704 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c00704
  6. Reichert, W., Ejercito, J., Guda, T., Dong, X. and others (2019) 'Repellency Assessment of Nepeta cataria Essential Oils and Isolated Nepetalactones on Aedes aegypti', Scientific Reports, 9(1), pp. 1524. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36814-1 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36814-1
  7. Tiwari, G., Chaturvedi, T., Gupta, A.K., Lal, R.K. and others (2023) 'Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Micromorphology and Antimicrobial Activity in Nepeta cataria L', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(2), pp. e202200241. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202200241 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200241
  8. Giarratana, F., Muscolino, D., Ziino, G., Lo Presti, V. and others (2017) 'Activity of Catmint (Nepeta cataria) essential oil against Anisakis larvae', Tropical Biomedicine, 34(1), pp. 22-31. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33592976/ Preclinical
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33592976/
  9. Sarkar, M., Rashmi, R., Vikramaditya and Varma, P.N (1995) 'Pharmacognosy of Nepeta cataria', Ancient Science of Life, 14(4), pp. 225-234. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22556702/ Traditional / reference
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22556702/
  10. Bernardi, M.M., Kirsten, T.B., Lago, J.H.G., Giovani, T.M. and Massoco, C.O (2011) 'Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker) increases penile erection in rats', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(3), pp. 1318-1322. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.061 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.061
  11. Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (2026) 'Natural Health Product Monograph: Catnip - Nepeta cataria'. Available at: https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_catnip_english.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_catnip_english.pdf
  12. British Herbal Medicine Association (1983) 'British Herbal Pharmacopoeia'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=British%20Herbal%20Pharmacopoeia
  13. Gilani, A.H., Shah, A.J., Zubair, A., Khalid, S., Kiani, J., Ahmed, A., Rasheed, M. and Ahmad, V.U (2009) 'Chemical composition and mechanisms underlying the spasmolytic and bronchodilatory properties of the essential oil of Nepeta cataria L', 121(3), pp. 405--411. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.11.004 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.11.004
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
  15. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  16. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201
  17. Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003
  1. Jeong, D., Irfan, M., Kim, S.D., Kim, S. and others (2020) 'Rumex acetosa modulates platelet function and inhibits thrombus formation in rats', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), pp. 98. doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02889-5 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02889-5
  2. Oh, D.R., Kim, Y., Choi, E.J., Jung, M.A. and others (2025) 'Rumex acetosa L. enhances learning and cognitive function by modulating NMDA receptor and BDNF pathways in vitro and in vivo', Metabolic Brain Disease, 40(5), pp. 185. doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01608-8 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-025-01608-8
  3. Kang, Y.M., Lee, K.Y., An, H.J. and others (2023) 'Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Six Major Compounds Isolated from Rumex acetosa', ACS Omega, 8(45), pp. 42548-42554. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05282 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c05282
  4. Sun, Y.Y., Su, X.H., Jin, J.Y., Zhou, J. and others (2015) 'Rumex acetosa L. induces vasorelaxation in rat aorta via activation of PI3-kinase/Akt- and Ca2+-eNOS-NO signaling in endothelial cells', Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 66(6), pp. 907-915. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26769840/ Preclinical
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26769840/
  5. Selbach, S., Klocke, A., Peters, U., Beckert, S. and others (2021) 'Microbiological and Clinical Effects of a Proanthocyanidin-enriched Extract from Rumex acetosa in Periodontally Healthy Carriers of Porphyromonas gingivalis: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study', Planta Medica, 89(11), pp. 1052-1062. doi:10.1055/a-1728-2249 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1728-2249
  6. Ahn, S.H., Jeon, J.H., Kim, H.J., Maeng, H.J. and others (2020) 'Effect of Rumex acetosa Extract, a Herbal Drug, on the Absorption of Fexofenadine', Pharmaceutics, 12(6), pp. 547. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12060547 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060547
  7. Feduraev, P., Skrypnik, L., Nebreeva, S., Dzhobadze, G. and others (2022) 'Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)', Antioxidants (Basel), 11(2), pp. 311. doi:10.3390/antiox11020311 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020311
  8. Li, J.J., Li, Y.X., Li, N., Zhu, H.T. and others (2022) 'The genus Rumex (Polygonaceae): an ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological review', Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 12(1), pp. 21. doi:10.1007/s13659-022-00346-z Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-022-00346-z
  9. Prakash Mishra, A., Sharifi-Rad, M., Shariati, M.A., Mabkhot, Y.N. and others (2018) 'Bioactive compounds and health benefits of edible Rumex species - A review', Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(8), pp. 27-34. doi:10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.5 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.5
  10. Pan, Y., Zhao, X., Kim, S.H., Kang, S.A. and others (2020) 'Anti-inflammatory effects of Beopje curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and its active compounds', Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(7), pp. e13291. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13291 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13291
  11. Chevallier, A (1996) 'The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Medicinal%20Plants
  12. Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal
  13. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
  14. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  15. Foraging Course Company 'Foraging Guide: Lords and Ladies (Arum maculatum)'. Available at: https://www.foragingcoursecompany.co.uk/post/foraging-guide-lords-and-ladies Traditional / reference
    https://www.foragingcoursecompany.co.uk/post/foraging-guide-lords-and-ladies
  16. Wild Food UK (2020) 'Wild garlic impostors'. Available at: https://www.wildfooduk.com/articles/identifying-mushrooms-and-plants/wild-garlic-impostors/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.wildfooduk.com/articles/identifying-mushrooms-and-plants/wild-garlic-impostors/

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.