Plant Comparison

Noni vs Oyster mushroom

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ANoniMorinda citrifoliaRubiaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BOyster mushroomPleurotus ostreatusPleurotaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Noni and Oyster mushroom: they share 8 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, blood sugar / diabetes support, cancer (anticancer research), …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.

NoniOyster mushroom

Constituents43

Pharmacological actions85

Indicated uses139

Safety notes22

Cited sources1422

Indicated uses

Only Noni

Back painHeadacheInfection (general)Pain (general)Wounds

Shared (8)

Arthritis / joint painBlood sugar / diabetes supportCancer (anticancer research)Cold & fluImmune supportInflammation (general)Metabolic supportSkin irritation

Only Oyster mushroom

Cardiovascular / heart health

Pharmacological actions

Only Noni

Analgesic (pain relief)AntimicrobialAntiviral

Shared (5)

Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)AntioxidantImmunomodulator / immune support

Only Oyster mushroom

none

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Noni	Oyster mushroom	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	2/10	5/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom
Blood sugar / diabetes support	2/10	6/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom
Cancer (anticancer research)	7/10	8/10	Comparable evidence
Cold & flu	2/10	6/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom
Immune support	2/10	7/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom
Inflammation (general)	2/10	5/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom
Metabolic support	2/10	6/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom
Skin irritation	2/10	5/10	Stronger for Oyster mushroom

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Iridoids (asperulosidic acid and related iridoid glycosides)^{[1, 6]}

A major phytochemical class of noni fruit and leaf, studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Iridoid glycosides

Anthraquinones (damnacanthal and related compounds)^{[1, 2]}

Found mainly in the root and, at lower levels, the fruit; studied for anticancer and antimicrobial activity.

Anthraquinones

Polysaccharides^[8]

Fruit polysaccharides studied for gut-microbiota-modulating and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease.

Polysaccharides

Scopoletin (coumarin)^[1]

A phenolic coumarin found in the fruit, studied for anti-inflammatory and vascular effects.

Coumarins

Beta-glucan polysaccharides^{[5, 9, 10]}

The principal bioactive constituents, responsible for most of the mushroom's immunomodulatory and anticancer activity.

Polysaccharides

Glycoproteins (protein-bound polysaccharide complexes)^[7]

Contribute to immunomodulatory activity alongside the pure beta-glucans.

Phenolic antioxidants (including ergothioneine)^[5]

Contribute to the antioxidant activity of the fruiting body.

Phenolic compounds

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[11, 12, 13]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[2, 10]}

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^{[11, 12, 13]}

Antimicrobial^{[3, 6, 11, 12, 13]}

Antioxidant^{[1, 6, 11, 12, 13]}

Antiviral^{[11, 12, 13]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[1, 11, 12, 13]}

Anti-inflammatory^[5]

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[3, 4, 5, 13, 15]}

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^[16]

Antioxidant^{[5, 16]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[1, 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 15]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 2

Label: Back pain

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 2

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[2, 10]}Good · 7/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 7

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cold & flu

Headache^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 2

Label: Headache

Immune support^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

Evidence: 2

Label: Immune support

Infection (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[8, 11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Inflammation (general)

Metabolic support^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 2

Label: Metabolic support

Pain (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

Evidence: 2

Label: Pain (general)

Skin irritation^{[7, 11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^[15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 6

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[3, 4, 11, 13]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 8

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cardiovascular / heart health^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 6/10

Evidence: 6

Label: Cardiovascular / heart health

Cold & flu^{[12, 15]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 6

Label: Cold & flu

Immune support^{[11, 12, 15]}Good · 7/10

Evidence: 7

Label: Immune support

Inflammation (general)^[15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Metabolic support^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 6

Label: Metabolic support

Skin irritation^[15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13]}Serious

Generally safe in moderate amounts. High potassium content — use caution in renal disease. Rare cases of hepatotoxicity reported with excessive consumption. May interact with warfarin (due to vitamin K content). Avoid during pregnancy.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Info

Duke (2002) rates noni as +++ and notes analgesic, antirheumatic, antiarthritic, antitumor, antispasmodic, and hypotensive activities at the experimental level (score 1). Traditional Polynesian and South Asian medicine values it as a broad-spectrum tonic. The plant contains morindine, proxeronine, and damnacanthal, which are under investigation for immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects. Duke notes that noni fruit can be consumed as food and is generally safe, though the juice has a strong unpleasant odor and taste. No significant toxicity has been reported with regular food consumption (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[15, 16]}Caution

Generally very safe as a food. Rare cases of occupational asthma and allergy reported among people working with mushroom cultivation. Safe for culinary use without significant known interactions.

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17]}Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

External Ids

Gbif: 5339879

Wikidata: Q234238

Gbif: 2526530

Wikidata: Q186451

Botanical Description

Small evergreen tree or shrub (Rubiaceae), 3-10 m tall, with large, glossy, dark green, elliptical leaves marked by prominent parallel veins. Small, white, tubular, fragrant flowers are borne in dense rounded heads, developing into a compound fleshy fruit (syncarp) that is warty, semi-translucent and yellow-white when ripe, with a strong, pungent, cheese-like odour.^[1]

Height: 3-10 m

Habit: Small evergreen tree or shrub

Leaves: Large, glossy, dark green, elliptical, prominently veined

Flowers: Small, white, tubular, fragrant, in dense rounded heads

Stem: Woody, branching

Root: Woody taproot with lateral roots

Fruit: Compound fleshy syncarp, warty and semi-translucent, yellow-white when ripe, pungent cheese-like odour

Flowering Period: Year-round in tropical climates, with peak flushes seasonally

Wood-decay fungus (not a true plant, Pleurotaceae) that grows in shelf-like, overlapping clusters on dead or dying hardwood trees and stumps. Fan- or oyster-shell-shaped caps, 5-25 cm across, are usually grey, tan or brown (occasionally pale or white), with white gills running down a short, off-centre stem. The mycelium is a fine white network that colonises and decomposes the wood substrate before fruiting.

Height: Cap 5-25 cm across

Habit: Saprotrophic wood-decay fungus, shelf-forming clusters

Leaves: Not applicable (fungus)

Flowers: Not applicable (fungus); reproduces by spores

Stem: Short, off-centre or lateral, white decurrent gills running down it

Root: Mycelium spreading through the wood substrate

Fruit: Pale gilled underside releasing a white to lilac-grey spore print

Flowering Period: Fruiting bodies typically appear in cooler, moist seasons (autumn-spring in temperate climates)

Habitat

Native to Southeast Asia and Australasia, and dispersed across the Pacific islands and into India and the Caribbean by early Polynesian voyagers and subsequent cultivation; grows in coastal areas, open and disturbed forest, and even on bare lava flows, tolerating poor, saline and drought-prone soils.^{[1, 6]}

Grows naturally on dead or dying broadleaf (hardwood) trees - beech, oak, poplar and others - in temperate forests worldwide; widely cultivated commercially on straw, sawdust and other lignocellulosic substrates.

Harvesting

Ripe fruit is hand-picked as it softens and turns yellow-white, then traditionally left to further ripen or ferment for juice production; leaves and root are also traditionally gathered.^[6]

Parts: Fruit, Leaf, Root

Season: Fruit harvested as it ripens, largely year-round in the tropics

Wild fruiting bodies are picked as the caps mature but before they become tough or insect-damaged; cultivated mushrooms are harvested from substrate blocks or bags once the caps have expanded but before releasing significant spore load. Never forage a white shelf-fungus from wood without confirming the host tree, since the fatal Angel Wing look-alike is specific to conifer (softwood) wood.^[14]

Parts: Fruiting body (mycelium/whole mushroom)

Season: Cooler, moist seasons (autumn-spring in temperate climates)

Traditional Uses

Noni has an extensive Polynesian, South Asian and Southeast Asian traditional-medicine history, used as a broad-spectrum tonic for pain, inflammation, infection and immune support, and traditionally for diabetes and skin complaints. The fermented fruit juice is the most widely used modern preparation, now studied for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and metabolic effects supporting several of these traditional uses.^{[1, 6]}

Oyster mushroom is a widely eaten culinary mushroom with a growing modern reputation as a medicinal fungus, valued for immune support and general wellbeing. Contemporary research on its beta-glucan polysaccharides supports immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer and cardiometabolic activity.^{[1, 5]}

Preparations

Fermented fruit juice^{[5, 6]}

The classic Polynesian preparation: ripe fruit fermented in sealed containers for several weeks, then strained; the most-studied modern form.

Standardised polysaccharide extract^{[5, 7]}

Beta-glucan-rich extract, the form used in most bioactivity research.

Dosage

Fermented fruit juice^{[11, 12, 13]}

Commercial noni juice is typically taken in modest daily amounts (a few tablespoons); given rare reports of hepatotoxicity with excessive or prolonged intake, avoid high doses, especially with pre-existing liver disease. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Polysaccharide extract / culinary use^{[5, 7]}

Most research uses standardised polysaccharide (beta-glucan) extracts rather than a specific whole-food gram dose; as a food, oyster mushroom is eaten in normal culinary amounts, always well cooked. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-1417, REF-1418, REF-1419, REF-1420, REF-1421, REF-1422, REF-1423, REF-1424, REF-1425, REF-1426

REF-1496, REF-1497, REF-1498, REF-1499, REF-1500, REF-1501, REF-1502, REF-1503, REF-1504, REF-1505, REF-2596, REF-2597, REF-2598

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note^{[14, 18, 19]}Fatal

Dangerous Plant: pleurocybella-porrigens

Confused Part: The fruiting body — a white, shelf-like gilled mushroom on wood, which looks like a small white oyster mushroom.

Confusion Context: Angel wing was eaten as a traditional food in Japan until an outbreak of acute brain inflammation (encephalopathy) in autumn 2004 killed several people; most victims were elderly and, crucially, had reduced kidney function. Because it can be fatal in anyone with impaired kidneys while looking and tasting like an ordinary edible, it is now regarded as unsafe.

Distinguishing Features: Angel wing grows ONLY on dead conifer (softwood) wood — spruce, fir, pine; wild oyster mushrooms grow on hardwood (broadleaf) trees. The host tree is the single most reliable difference., Angel wing is pure chalk-white all over; oysters are usually grey, tan or brown, and only rarely white., Angel-wing flesh is very thin, floppy and almost translucent at the edge, and the caps are small; oyster flesh is thick, dense and meaty, often forming large shelves.

Key Test: Identify the wood: angel wing grows on conifer (softwood) wood and is thin, small and pure white. If you cannot confirm the host is a hardwood (broadleaf) tree, do not eat a white oyster-like mushroom — anyone with reduced kidney function is at particular risk.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

Safety note^{[20, 21, 22]}Dangerous

Dangerous Plant: omphalotus-olearius

Confused Part: The whole cap-and-gilled fruiting body; jack-o'-lantern grows in oyster-like clusters on wood.

Confusion Context: Jack-o'-lantern mushrooms grow in clusters on wood and have true gills, so they are mistaken for oyster mushrooms (and chanterelles). They contain illudin toxins and cause severe vomiting, cramps and diarrhoea within an hour or two — painful and sometimes needing hospital care, though rarely fatal in healthy adults.

Distinguishing Features: Jack-o'-lantern is bright orange to yellow-orange all over — cap, gills AND flesh; oyster mushrooms are white, grey, tan or brown, never bright orange., Its flesh is orange when cut; oyster flesh is white., In the dark its gills may glow faintly green; oysters never glow.

Key Test: Colour: a mushroom that is bright orange throughout (cap, gills and flesh) is not an oyster mushroom, which is always white, grey, tan or brown. Cut it — orange flesh means jack-o'-lantern, do not eat.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-06

References & Sources

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Brown, A.C (2012) 'Anticancer activity of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit: a review', Phytotherapy Research, 26(10), pp. 1427-1440. doi:10.1002/ptr.4595 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4595
Almeida-Souza, F., de Souza, C.S., Taniwaki, N.N., Silva, J.J. and others (2016) 'Morinda citrifolia Linn. fruit (Noni) juice induces an increase in NO production and death of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c', Nitric Oxide, 58, pp. 51-58. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.004 Preclinical
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Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, S., Wang, J. and others (2022) 'Phenolics from noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit alleviate obesity in high fat diet-fed mice via modulating the gut microbiota and mitigating intestinal damage', Food Chemistry, 402, pp. 134232. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134232 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134232
Yoshitomi, H., Zhou, J., Nishigaki, T., Li, W. and others (2020) 'Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice promotes vascular endothelium function in hypertension via glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-CaMKKbeta-AMPK-eNOS pathway', Phytotherapy Research, 34(9), pp. 2341-2350. doi:10.1002/ptr.6685 Preclinical
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Almeida, E.S., de Oliveira, D. and Hotza, D (2019) 'Properties and Applications of Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A Review', Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 18(4), pp. 883-909. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12456 Meta-analysis / review
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Kim, S.H., Seong, G.S. and Choung, S.Y (2020) 'Fermented Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice through Modulating Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function', Nutrients, 12(1), pp. 249. doi:10.3390/nu12010249 Preclinical
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Jin, M.Y., Wu, X.Y., Li, M.Y., Li, X.T. and others (2021) 'Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Polysaccharides Regulated IBD Mice Via Targeting Gut Microbiota: Association of JNK/ERK/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathways', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69(35), pp. 10151-10162. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03833 Preclinical
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Lee, D., Yu, J.S., Huang, P., Qader, M. and others (2020) 'Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Hawaiian Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Juice', Molecules, 25(21), pp. 4968. doi:10.3390/molecules25214968 Preclinical
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Ma, L.D., Lin, G.B., Yang, L.B., Cao, J.L. and others (2021) 'Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Juice Suppresses A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells via Inhibiting AKT/Nuclear Factor-kappaB Signaling Pathway', Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 27(9), pp. 688-695. doi:10.1007/s11655-020-3421-y Preclinical
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Hirazumi, A. and Furusawa, E (1999) 'An immunomodulatory polysaccharide-rich substance from the fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia', 13(5), pp. 380--387. Preclinical
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Potterat, O. and Hamburger, M (2007) 'Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit — phytochemistry, pharmacology, safety', 73(3), pp. 191--199. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967115 Preclinical
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West, B.J., Jensen, C.J., Westendorf, J. and White, L.D (2006) 'A safety review of noni fruit juice', 71(8). doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00164.x Traditional / reference
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Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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Motta, F., Gershwin, M.E. and Selmi, C (2021) 'Mushrooms and immunity', Journal of Autoimmunity, 117, pp. 102576. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102576 Meta-analysis / review
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Toros, G., El-Ramady, H., Prokisch, J., Velasco, F. and others (2023) 'Modulation of the Gut Microbiota with Prebiotics and Antimicrobial Agents from Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom', Foods, 12(10), pp. 2010. doi:10.3390/foods12102010 Preclinical
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Mishra, V., Tomar, S., Yadav, P. and Singh, M.P (2021) 'Promising anticancer activity of polysaccharides and other macromolecules derived from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.): An updated review', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 182, pp. 1628-1637. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.102 Meta-analysis / review
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Gu, Y.H. and Sivam, G (2006) 'Cytotoxic effect of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells', Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(2), pp. 196-204. doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.196 Preclinical
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Krupodorova, T., Barshteyn, V., Tsygankova, V., Sevindik, M. and others (2024) 'Strain-specific features of Pleurotus ostreatus growth in vitro and some of its biological activities', BMC Biotechnology, 24(1), pp. 9. doi:10.1186/s12896-024-00834-9 Preclinical
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Perez-Bassart, Z., Bauerl, C., Fabra, M.J., Martinez-Abad, A. and others (2023) 'Composition, structural properties and immunomodulatory activity of several aqueous Pleurotus beta-glucan-rich extracts', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 253(Pt 6), pp. 127255. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127255 Preclinical
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Dos Santos, J.F., de Oliveira, N.M.T., da Silva Milhorini, S., Rutckeviski, R. and others (2025) 'The use of Pleurotus ostreatus by-products for the preparation of a gel-like polysaccharide with bioactive properties', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 301, pp. 140236. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140236 Preclinical
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Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Yamamoto, N. and Suzuki, T. and Kobayashi, M. and others (2014) 'A-WINGS: an integrated genome database for Pleurocybella porrigens (angel's wing oyster mushroom, Sugihiratake)', BMC Research Notes, 7, pp. 866. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-866 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-866
Mushroom Appreciation (2024) 'Angel wings vs oyster mushrooms: identification and controversy'. Available at: https://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/angel-wings-identification.html Traditional / reference
https://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/angel-wings-identification.html
Sugano, Y. and Sakata, K. and Nakamura, K. and others (2017) 'Rapid identification method of Omphalotus japonicus by PCR-RFLP', Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 58(3), pp. 113-123. doi:10.3358/shokueishi.58.113 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.58.113
Kasahara, Y (2013) 'Clinical toxicology of mushroom poisoning: Omphalotus guepiniformis', Chudoku Kenkyu, 26(3), pp. 215-8. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24224384/ Clinical study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24224384/
Mushroom Appreciation (2024) 'The jack o'lantern mushroom (Omphalotus olearius)'. Available at: https://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/omphalotus-olearius.html Traditional / reference
https://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/omphalotus-olearius.html

Noni monograph Oyster mushroom monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.