Plant Comparison

Oregon Grape vs Tormentil

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
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Plant AOregon GrapeMahonia aquifoliumBerberidaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BTormentilPotentilla erectaRosaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Oregon Grape and Tormentil: they share 4 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, inflammation (general), skin irritation, …); 1 pharmacological action in common.

Oregon GrapeTormentil
Constituents12
Pharmacological actions33
Indicated uses87
Safety notes22
Cited sources1315
Indicated uses
Only Oregon Grape
Cancer (anticancer research)EczemaInfection (general)Psoriasis
Shared (4)
Arthritis / joint painInflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Tormentil
DiarrhoeaInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Sore throat
Pharmacological actions
Only Oregon Grape
Anticancer (preclinical)Antimicrobial
Shared (1)
Anti-inflammatory
Only Tormentil
AntidiarrhoealAstringent

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionOregon GrapeTormentilVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain7/101/10Stronger for Oregon Grape
Inflammation (general)7/103/10Stronger for Oregon Grape
Skin irritation8/106/10Stronger for Oregon Grape
Wounds1/105/10Stronger for Tormentil

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine, berbamine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine)[2, 11, 12]

Berberine is the main anti-psoriatic and antimicrobial constituent.

AlkaloidsBerberine
Tannins (ellagitannins such as agrimoniin, and catechin-type tannins)[14, 15]

The main astringent active constituents.

TanninsCatechins
Flavonoids and phenolic acids[15]

Antioxidant supporting constituents.

Phenolic acidsFlavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[7, 10, 11]

Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative (slows the skin-cell overgrowth of psoriasis)

Anticancer (preclinical)[3, 4, 6, 11]

Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative (slows the skin-cell overgrowth of psoriasis)

Antimicrobial[2, 5, 8, 9, 12]

Antimicrobial (berberine) - supports skin and mucosal infection

Anti-inflammatory[1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15]

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and inflammation of the mouth and throat

Antidiarrhoeal[1, 4, 8, 14, 15]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (ellagitannins tighten the gut lining) - in a paediatric RCT, tormentil root extract shortened rotavirus diarrhoea (3 vs 5 days) and reduced rehydration needs

Astringent[2, 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (ellagitannins tighten the gut lining) - in a paediatric RCT, tormentil root extract shortened rotavirus diarrhoea (3 vs 5 days) and reduced rehydration needs

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[11]Good · 7/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 7
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[3]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Eczema[11]Good · 7/10

Topical for atopic dermatitis (eczema) and skin irritation

Evidence: 7
Label: Eczema
Infection (general)[5, 12]Traditional · 2/10

Antimicrobial (berberine) - supports skin and mucosal infection

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[10, 11]Good · 7/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 7
Label: Inflammation (general)
Psoriasis[1, 7, 11, 13]Strong · 9/10

Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative (slows the skin-cell overgrowth of psoriasis); Topical treatment of mild-to-moderate psoriasis (reduces plaque severity) - a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT showed significant improvement in PASI and quality-of-life scores

Evidence: 9
Label: Psoriasis
Skin irritation[1, 11]Good · 8/10

Topical for atopic dermatitis (eczema) and skin irritation

Evidence: 8
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[12]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Diarrhoea[1, 4, 8, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (ellagitannins tighten the gut lining) - in a paediatric RCT, tormentil root extract shortened rotavirus diarrhoea (3 vs 5 days) and reduced rehydration needs

Evidence: 5
Label: Diarrhoea
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)[9, 11, 15]Limited · 3/10

Supportive in inflammatory bowel disease / ulcerative colitis (limited trial evidence)

Evidence: 3
Label: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation (general)[4, 10, 14, 15]Limited · 3/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and inflammation of the mouth and throat

Evidence: 3
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[6, 8, 10, 14, 15]Moderate · 6/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 6
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[7, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and inflammation of the mouth and throat

Evidence: 2
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[8, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[12]Caution

Avoid internal use in pregnancy and breastfeeding: like goldenseal, the berberine it contains can cross the placenta and into milk and worsen newborn jaundice (kernicterus risk).

Safety note[11, 12]Caution

Berberine impairs the metabolism of some medicines - for example it raises blood levels of cyclosporine, risking toxicity - so use caution with prescription drugs. It is used mainly topically for skin conditions.

Safety note[14]Info

Tannin-rich: high or prolonged intake may cause stomach upset or constipation and can reduce the absorption of iron and some medicines taken at the same time.

Safety note[14]Caution

Diarrhoea persisting more than 3-4 days, or with fever or blood in the stool, needs medical care. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended in the absence of data.

External Ids

Gbif: 3033865
Wikidata: Q158303
Gbif: 5365576
Wikidata: Q160098

Botanical Description

Evergreen shrub, 0.5-2 m tall, spreading by underground rhizomes to form thickets. The pinnate leaves resemble holly, with 5-9 glossy, dark green, spiny-toothed leaflets that often turn bronze-red in winter. Small, bright yellow, six-petalled flowers are borne in dense, upright terminal racemes in early spring, followed by clusters of blue-black, grape-like berries with a waxy bloom. The wood and inner bark of the stem and root are bright yellow when cut, owing to their high content of berberine-type alkaloids.

Height: 0.5-2 m
Habit: Evergreen, rhizomatous, colony-forming shrub
Leaves: Pinnate, holly-like, 5-9 glossy dark green spiny-toothed leaflets
Flowers: Small, bright yellow, six-petalled, in dense upright terminal racemes
Stem: Woody; wood and inner bark bright yellow when cut
Root: Woody, rhizomatous, bright yellow within (berberine-type alkaloids)
Fruit: Clusters of blue-black, grape-like berries with a waxy bloom
Flowering Period: Early spring (March-April)

Low, sprawling to semi-erect perennial herb (Rosaceae) with wiry stems. Leaves are palmate, typically with 4-5 leaflets and large leaf-like stipules that give the impression of more leaflets. Flowers are small, yellow and four-petalled - unusual among Potentilla species, most of which have five petals. The thick, woody rhizome is reddish inside when cut, the origin of the old name 'bloodroot' for this European species.[14]

Height: Low, sprawling to semi-erect, stems to about 30-45 cm
Habit: Low, sprawling to semi-erect perennial herb
Leaves: Palmate, typically 4-5 leaflets, with large leaf-like stipules
Flowers: Small, yellow, four-petalled (unusual among Potentilla species)
Stem: Wiry, sprawling to semi-erect
Root: Thick, woody rhizome, reddish inside when cut
Fruit: Small dry achenes (typical Rosaceae)
Flowering Period: May-September

Habitat

Native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, growing in coniferous woodland understorey, forest margins and rocky slopes; widely introduced and naturalised as an ornamental and hedging shrub in temperate regions elsewhere.

Native to Europe and western Asia, common in acidic grassland, heath, moorland, open woodland and pastures on poor, well-drained soils.[14]

Harvesting

The root and root bark, the medicinal parts, are dug from established plants - traditionally in autumn - and dried. Because wild populations are slow-growing, cultivated or nursery-sourced material is preferred over wild-harvesting.

Parts: Root, Bark
Season: Autumn

The rhizome is dug in autumn or early spring, when tannin content is highest, then cleaned and dried.[14]

Parts: Rhizome
Season: Autumn or early spring

Traditional Uses

Oregon grape root has a traditional Native American and Eclectic-medicine history as a bitter tonic and alterative (blood-purifying) remedy and for skin conditions. Its main modern use, supported by clinical trials, is topical application of a standardised bark extract for mild-to-moderate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (eczema), where its berberine-type alkaloids give anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects on skin cells.[1, 11, 12]

Tormentil rhizome has an official European herbal-monograph tradition for mild diarrhoea and inflammation of the mouth and throat, reflecting its long folk use as a powerful astringent for gut and mucous-membrane complaints. Modern trials confirm its ellagitannin-rich rhizome shortens the duration of infectious (rotavirus) diarrhoea.[8, 14, 15]

Preparations

Topical cream/ointment[1, 11, 13]

A standardised 10% Mahonia aquifolium bark extract cream, the best-studied form, applied to affected skin up to three times daily for psoriasis or eczema.

Decoction[14]

Dried rhizome simmered in water, the standard astringent preparation for diarrhoea.

Tincture[15]

Alcoholic extract, taken diluted or used as a gargle/mouthwash.

Gargle/mouthwash[15]

Diluted decoction or tincture used for sore throat and mouth inflammation.

Dosage

Topical 10% extract cream[11, 13]

Clinical trials in psoriasis and eczema have used a 10% Mahonia aquifolium bark extract cream applied to affected areas up to three times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription; internal use is not well studied and should be supervised.

Decoction/tincture[14, 15]

EMA/ESCOP guidance suggests around 4-6 g dried rhizome (or an equivalent decoction), divided into 2-3 doses daily, for diarrhoea, or a diluted tincture used as a gargle several times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-1173, REF-1174, REF-1175, REF-1176, REF-1177, REF-1178, REF-1179, REF-1180, REF-1181, REF-1182
REF-0970, REF-0971, REF-0972, REF-0973, REF-0974, REF-0975, REF-0976, REF-0602, REF-0977, REF-0978, REF-2592, REF-2593, REF-2594

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Gulliver, W.P. and Donsky, H.J (2005) 'A report on three recent clinical trials using Mahonia aquifolium 10% topical cream and a review of the worldwide clinical experience with Mahonia aquifolium for the treatment of plaque psoriasis', American Journal of Therapeutics, 12(5), pp. 398-406. doi:10.1097/01.mjt.0000174350.82270.da Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mjt.0000174350.82270.da
  2. Cernakova, M. and Kostalova, D (2002) 'Antimicrobial activity of berberine--a constituent of Mahonia aquifolium', Folia Microbiologica, 47(4), pp. 375-378. doi:10.1007/BF02818693 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02818693
  3. Damjanovic, A., Kolundzija, B., Matic, I.Z., Krivokuca, A. and others (2020) 'Mahonia aquifolium Extracts Promote Doxorubicin Effects against Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro', Molecules, 25(22), pp. 5233. doi:10.3390/molecules25225233 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225233
  4. Cernakova, M., Kostalova, D., Kettmann, V., Plodova, M. and others (2002) 'Potential antimutagenic activity of berberine, a constituent of Mahonia aquifolium', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2, pp. 2. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-2-2 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-2-2
  5. Slobodnikova, L., Kostalova, D., Labudova, D., Kotulova, D. and Kettmann, V (2004) 'Antimicrobial activity of Mahonia aquifolium crude extract and its major isolated alkaloids', Phytotherapy Research, 18(8), pp. 674-676. doi:10.1002/ptr.1517 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1517
  6. Godjevac, D., Damjanovic, A., Stanojkovic, T.P., Andjelkovic, B. and Zdunic, G (2018) 'Identification of cytotoxic metabolites from Mahonia aquifolium using 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach', Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 150, pp. 9-14. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.075 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.075
  7. Muller, K. and Ziereis, K (1994) 'The antipsoriatic Mahonia aquifolium and its active constituents; I. Pro- and antioxidant properties and inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase', Planta Medica, 60(5), pp. 421-424. doi:10.1055/s-2006-959523 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959523
  8. Rohrer, U., Kunz, E.M.K., Lenkeit, K., Schaffner, W. and Meyer, J (2007) 'Antimicrobial activity of Mahonia aquifolium and two of its alkaloids against oral bacteria', Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin, 117(11), pp. 1126-1131. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antimicrobial%20activity%20of%20Mahonia%20aquifolium%20and%20two%20of%20its%20alkaloids%20against%20oral%20bacteria
  9. Vollekova, A., Kostalova, D., Kettmann, V. and Toth, J (2003) 'Antifungal activity of Mahonia aquifolium extract and its major protoberberine alkaloids', Phytotherapy Research, 17(7), pp. 834-837. doi:10.1002/ptr.1256 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1256
  10. Hajnicka, V., Kostalova, D., Svecova, D., Sochorova, R. and others (2002) 'Effect of Mahonia aquifolium active compounds on interleukin-8 production in the human monocytic cell line THP-1', Planta Medica, 68(3), pp. 266-268. doi:10.1055/s-2002-23126 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-23126
  11. Gulliver, W.P. and colleagues (2018) 'Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Mahonia aquifolium for the Treatment of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis', Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334833/ Meta-analysis / review
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334833/
  12. Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Oregon Grape Root (Berberis aquifolium): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/oregon-grape/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/oregon-grape/
  13. Bernstein, S., Donsky, H., Gulliver, W., Hamilton, D., Nobel, S. and Norman, R (2006) 'Treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis with Relieva, a Mahonia aquifolium extract - a double-blind, placebo-controlled study', American Journal of Therapeutics, 13(2), pp. 121--126. doi:10.1097/00045391-200603000-00007 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1097/00045391-200603000-00007
  1. Bandick, R., Busmann, L.V., Mousavi, S., Shayya, N.W. and others (2023) 'Therapeutic Effects of Oral Application of Menthol and Extracts from Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), Raspberry Leaves and Loosestrife during Acute Murine Campylobacteriosis', Pharmaceutics, 15(10), pp. 2410. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15102410 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102410
  2. Fecka, I., Kucharska, A.Z. and Kowalczyk, A (2015) 'Quantification of tannins and related polyphenols in commercial products of tormentil (Potentilla tormentilla)', Phytochemical Analysis, 26(5), pp. 353-366. doi:10.1002/pca.2570 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2570
  3. Marcinczyk, N., Jarmoc, D., Leszczynska, A., Zakrzeska, A. and others (2017) 'Antithrombotic Potential of Tormentil Extract in Animal Models', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, pp. 534. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00534 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00534
  4. Melzig, M.F. and Bottger, S (2020) 'Tormentillae rhizoma - Review for an Underestimated European Herbal Drug', Planta Medica, 86(15), pp. 1050-1057. doi:10.1055/a-1129-7214 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1129-7214
  5. Marcinczyk, N., Golaszewska, A., Gromotowicz-Poplawska, A., Misztal, T. and others (2021) 'Multidirectional Effects of Tormentil Extract on Hemostasis in Experimental Diabetes', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 682987. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.682987 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.682987
  6. Hoffmann, J., Gendrisch, F., Schempp, C.M. and Wolfle, U (2020) 'New Herbal Biomedicines for the Topical Treatment of Dermatological Disorders', Biomedicines, 8(2), pp. 27. doi:10.3390/biomedicines8020027 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020027
  7. Tomczyk, M., Sosnowska, K., Pleszczynska, M., Strawa, J. and others (2017) 'Hydrogel Containing an Extract of Tormentillae rhizoma for the Treatment of Biofilm-Related Oral Diseases', Natural Product Communications, 12(3), pp. 417-421. doi:10.1177/1934578x1701200328 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200328
  8. Subbotina, M.D., Timchenko, V.N., Vorobyov, M.M., Konunova, Y.S., Aleksandrovih, Y.S. and Shushunov, S (2003) 'Effect of oral administration of tormentil root extract (Potentilla tormentilla) on rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial', The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 22(8), pp. 706--711. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000078355.29647.d0 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000078355.29647.d0
  9. Wan, P., Chen, H., Guo, Y. and Bai, A.P (2014) 'Advances in treatment of ulcerative colitis with herbs: from bench to bedside', World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(39), pp. 14099-14104. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14099 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14099
  10. Wolfle, U., Hoffmann, J., Haarhaus, B., Rao Mittapalli, V. and Schempp, C.M (2017) 'Anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive properties of Potentilla erecta - A traditional medicinal plant from the northern hemisphere', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, pp. 86-94. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.058 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.058
  11. Moss, A.C. and Cheifetz, A.S (2007) 'Reducing the torment of diarrhea: tormentil for active ulcerative colitis', Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 41(9), pp. 797-798. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3180684255 Clinical study
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3180684255
  12. Shushunov, S., Balashov, L., Kravtsova, A., Krasnogorsky, I., Latte, K.P. and Vasiliev, A (2009) 'Determination of acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Potentilla erecta (Tormentil) rhizomes in rats and mice', Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(5), pp. 1173-1176. doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.0281 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0281
  13. Kirsch, J., Jung, A., Hille, K., Konig, B., Hannig, C., Kolling-Speer, I., Speer, K. and Hannig, M (2020) 'Effect of fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial bacterial colonization in situ', Archives of Oral Biology, 118, pp. 104853. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853
  14. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (n.d.) 'European Union herbal monograph on Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch., rhizoma (Tormentillae rhizoma)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/tormentillae-rhizoma Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/tormentillae-rhizoma
  15. ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy) (n.d.) 'Tormentillae rhizoma (Tormentil) monograph', pp. com. Available at: https://www.escop.com/downloads/tormentil/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.escop.com/downloads/tormentil/

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.