Plant Comparison

Field scabious vs Blackberry Leaf

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
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Plant AField scabiousKnautia arvensisCaprifoliaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BBlackberry LeafRubus fruticosusRosaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Field scabious and Blackberry Leaf: they share 4 indicated uses (skin irritation, inflammation (general), wounds, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.

Field scabiousBlackberry Leaf
Constituents43
Pharmacological actions46
Indicated uses69
Safety notes22
Cited sources89
Indicated uses
Only Field scabious
EczemaAcne
Shared (4)
Skin irritationInflammation (general)WoundsInfection (general)
Only Blackberry Leaf
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)DiarrhoeaOral & throat healthSore throat
Pharmacological actions
Only Field scabious
Alterative / depurative ('detox')
Shared (3)
Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantAntimicrobial
Only Blackberry Leaf
Anticancer (preclinical)AntidiarrhoealAstringent

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionField scabiousBlackberry LeafVerdict
Skin irritation2/102/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)7/102/10Stronger for Field scabious
Wounds2/102/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)2/102/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Phenolic acids (chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids)[1, 2]

Chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids and caffeoylhydrocitric acid (antioxidant).

Phenolic acidsChlorogenic acidCaffeic acid
Flavonoids (C-flavone glycosides, isovitexin)[1, 2]

C-glycosidic flavones such as isovitexin and related flavonoids.

FlavonoidsApigenin
Triterpenoid saponins (knautiosides)[3, 5]

Saponin glycosides (knautiosides) characteristic of the plant and the Caprifoliaceae family.

Triterpene saponinsSaponins
Iridoid glycosides[3, 8]

Iridoid glycosides typical of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae/Dipsacaceae).

Iridoid glycosides
Tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins)[8, 9]

The astringent principles of the leaf.

Tannins
Flavonoids and phenolic acids (including gallic acid)[9]

Antioxidant and antibacterial constituents.

Phenolic acidsGallic acidFlavonoids
Vitamin C and minerals (iron)[8]

Minor nutritive constituents of the leaf.

Pharmacological Actions

Alterative / depurative ('detox')[3, 4]

Traditional 'blood purifier' (depurative) for skin complaints; the classic use of field scabious.

Anti-inflammatory[4, 6]

Knautia and related Caprifoliaceae extracts inhibit inflammatory mediators (COX/LOX).

Antioxidant[4, 6, 7]
Antimicrobial[4, 8]

Antibacterial (anti-acne) activity of Knautia extracts; antimicrobial activity across the family.

Anti-inflammatory[4, 6, 7, 8]

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Anticancer (preclinical)[6]
Antidiarrhoeal[5, 8, 9]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Antimicrobial[5, 6, 9]
Antioxidant[4, 5, 6, 9]
Astringent[8, 9]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Skin irritation[3, 4]Traditional · 2/10

Traditional remedy for eczema, itching and skin complaints; anti-acne activity of Knautia extracts.

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Eczema[4]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from traditional skin/depurative use

Evidence: 2
Label: Eczema
Acne[4]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-acne activity of Knautia species extracts (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory).

Evidence: 2
Label: Acne
Inflammation (general)[4, 6]Good · 7/10
Evidence: 7
Label: Inflammation (general)
Wounds[4]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from traditional external use on cuts and sores

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds
Infection (general)[4, 8]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Arthritis / joint pain[8]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Diarrhoea[8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Evidence: 2
Label: Diarrhoea
Infection (general)[9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Oral & throat health[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Oral & throat health
Skin irritation[8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[7, 8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety noteCaution

Very little is known about the safety of field scabious and there are no clinical data; avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy and breastfeeding and use only modest amounts.

Safety note[5]Info

Most pharmacological data come from closely related Caprifoliaceae (genus Knautia, Scabiosa, Dipsacus) rather than Knautia arvensis itself; apply to field scabious with caution.

Safety note[8]Info

Tannin-rich: high or prolonged intake may cause stomach upset or constipation and can reduce the absorption of iron and some medicines taken at the same time.

Safety note[8]Info

Traditional use only; diarrhoea that persists (especially in children) needs medical assessment and attention to rehydration.

External Ids

Gbif: 2888808
Wikidata: Q27648
Gbif: 8436459
Wikidata: Q13541716

Synonyms

Scabiosa arvensis, Knautia arvensis subsp. arvensis

Not documented

Botanical Description

A hairy perennial herb of the honeysuckle family (formerly Dipsacaceae), 25-100 cm tall, growing from a stout rootstock. The stems are roughly hairy and bear opposite leaves that are variable - the lower ones often lyre-shaped or pinnately lobed, the upper deeply cut. The flowers are massed into flat, domed pincushion heads about 3-4 cm across, lilac to bluish-violet, with the outer florets enlarged; the heads are carried on long stalks and, unlike true scabious (Scabiosa), the receptacle is hairy rather than scaly. It flowers through summer and is a favourite of bees and butterflies.[1]

Height: 25-100 cm
Habit: Hairy perennial herb from a stout rootstock
Leaves: Opposite, hairy; lower leaves lyre-shaped/pinnately lobed, upper deeply cut
Flowers: Lilac to bluish-violet florets in flat, domed pincushion heads 3-4 cm across, outer florets enlarged
Stem: Erect, roughly hairy, branched above
Root: Stout rootstock with fibrous roots
Fruit: A small hairy achene enclosed in an epicalyx
Flowering Period: July-September

Scrambling, thorny deciduous shrub (Rosaceae) forming dense thickets, with arching prickly stems that root at the tip. Leaves are palmately compound, usually with 3-5 toothed leaflets. White to pale pink, five-petalled flowers are followed by clusters of small drupelets forming the blackberry fruit, ripening from red to glossy black.[8]

Height: Scrambling/arching canes, typically 1-3 m
Habit: Scrambling, thorny, thicket-forming shrub
Leaves: Palmately compound, usually 3-5 toothed leaflets
Flowers: White to pale pink, five-petalled
Stem: Arching, prickly, rooting at the tip
Root: Woody perennial root system
Fruit: Cluster of drupelets, ripening red to glossy black
Flowering Period: June-August

Habitat

Dry grassland, meadows, pastures, dry hills, roadside banks, field margins and open woods, on well-drained and often calcareous soils across Europe and into western Asia and parts of Africa. A characteristic plant of unimproved dry meadows.[1]

Native throughout Europe and widely naturalised elsewhere, an aggressive coloniser of hedgerows, woodland edges, scrub and waste ground. 'Rubus fruticosus' is a taxonomically complex aggregate comprising hundreds of closely related microspecies.[8]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts (leaves, stems, flower heads) are gathered in summer while in flower and dried; the root is also used. Best cut from established plants in dry grassland.[1]

Parts: Aerial parts, Flower, Root
Season: Aerial parts in flower (July-September); root in autumn

Leaves are picked fresh throughout the growing season and dried for tea; berries are picked in late summer once fully ripe.[8]

Parts: Leaf
Season: Leaf throughout the growing season

Traditional Uses

Field scabious has a European folk-medicine reputation chiefly as a remedy for skin complaints - eczema, itching, scabies (the name 'scabious' comes from its use against 'the scab'), cuts and sores - taken internally as a 'blood purifier' (alterative/depurative) and applied externally as a wash or poultice. It has also been used for coughs and sore throats. The plant is rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and saponins; the closely related genera Knautia, Scabiosa and Dipsacus in the honeysuckle family share this chemistry and a tradition of use in skin disease and inflammation.[3, 4]

Blackberry leaf has a long European folk-medicine tradition as an astringent gargle for sore throat and mouth ulcers, and as a remedy for mild diarrhoea, reflecting its high tannin content; the berries themselves are valued as a nutritious, antioxidant-rich food.[8]

Preparations

Infusion[3]

The dried flowering herb infused as a tea traditionally taken as an alterative ('blood purifier') for skin complaints and for coughs.

Wash / poultice[4]

A strong infusion or the crushed herb applied externally to eczema, itching, cuts and sores (traditional).

Infusion (tea)[8]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water, taken internally or used as a gargle/mouthwash.

Gargle/mouthwash[8]

A stronger leaf infusion used topically for sore throat and mouth irritation.

References

REF-2808, REF-2809, REF-2810, REF-2811, REF-2812, REF-2813, REF-2814, REF-2815
REF-0713, REF-0714, REF-0715, REF-2548, REF-2549, REF-2550, REF-2551

Lookalikes Review

[1]

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dosage

Not documented

Infusion (tea)[8]

Traditional guidance suggests roughly 2-4 g dried leaf per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, or used as a gargle at similar strength. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References & Sources

  1. Karalija, E. and Muratovic, E. and Tarkowski, P. and Zeljkovic, S.C (2017) 'Variation in Phenolic Composition of Knautia arvensis in Correlation with Geographic Area and Plant Organ', Natural Product Communications, 12(4), pp. 545-548. doi:10.1177/1934578x1701200421 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200421
  2. Moldoch, J. and Szajwaj, B. and Masullo, M. and Pecio, L. and Oleszek, W. and Piacente, S. and Stochmal, A (2011) 'Phenolic constituents of Knautia arvensis aerial parts', Natural Product Communications, 6(11), pp. 1627-1630. doi:10.1177/1934578x1100601117 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601117
  3. Plouvier, V (1971) 'Research on heterosides: knautioside and saponosides from Knautia arvensis and related glycosides', Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie D, 272(10), pp. 1443-1446. Preclinical
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Research%20on%20heterosides%3A%20knautioside%20and%20saponosides%20from%20Knautia%20arvensis%20and%20related%20glycosides
  4. Chrzaszcz, M. and Miazga-Karska, M. and Klimek, K. and Dybowski, M.P. and Typek, R. and Tchorzewska, D. and Dos Santos Szewczyk, K (2023) 'The Anti-Acne Potential and Chemical Composition of Knautia Species (Caprifoliaceae) Extracts', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), pp. 9188. doi:10.3390/ijms24119188 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119188
  5. Skala, E. and Szopa, A (2023) 'Dipsacus and Scabiosa Species - The Source of Specialized Metabolites with High Biological Relevance: A Review', Molecules, 28(9), pp. 3754. doi:10.3390/molecules28093754 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093754
  6. Pinto, D.C.G.A. and Rahmouni, N. and Beghidja, N. and Silva, A.M.S (2018) 'Scabiosa Genus: A Rich Source of Bioactive Metabolites', Medicines (Basel), 5(4), pp. 110. doi:10.3390/medicines5040110 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040110
  7. Albayrak, S. and Aksoy, A. and Yilmaz, M.A. and Beyzi, E (2024) 'Investigation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Scabiosa L. (Caprifoliaceae) Species with Chemometric Methods', Chemistry and Biodiversity, 21(2), pp. e202301652. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202301652 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202301652
  8. Saar-Reismaa, P. and Koel, M. and Tarto, R. and Vaher, M (2022) 'Extraction of bioactive compounds from Dipsacus fullonum leaves using deep eutectic solvents', Journal of Chromatography A, 1677, pp. 463330. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463330 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463330
  1. Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Riaz, M., De Feo, V., Jaafar, H.Z.E. and Moga, M (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus L.: constituents, biological activities and health related uses', Molecules, 19(8), pp. 10998-11029. doi:10.3390/molecules190810998 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190810998
  2. Monforte, M.T., Smeriglio, A., Germanò, M.P., Pergolizzi, S., Circosta, C. and Galati, E.M (2018) 'Evaluation of antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and gastroprotective properties of Rubus fruticosus L. fruit juice', Phytotherapy Research, 32(7), pp. 1404-1414. doi:10.1002/ptr.6078 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6078
  3. Barbieri, F., Montanari, C., Šimat, V., Skroza, D., Čagalj, M. et al (2022) 'Effects of Rubus fruticosus and Juniperus oxycedrus derivatives on culturability and viability of Listeria monocytogenes', Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp. 13158. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17408-4 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17408-4
  4. Sung, N.S., Uhm, S.H., Kang, H.B., Lee, N.S., Jeong, Y.G., Kim, D.K., Sung, N.Y., Kim, D.S., Yoo, Y.C. and Han, S.Y (2023) 'Rubus fruticosus leaf extract inhibits vascular dementia-induced memory impairment and neuronal loss by attenuating neuroinflammation', Anatomy & Cell Biology, 56(4), pp. 494-507. doi:10.5115/acb.23.195 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.23.195
  5. Verma, R., Gangrade, T., Punasiya, R. and Ghulaxe, C (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) use as an herbal medicine', Pharmacognosy Reviews, 8(16), pp. 101-104. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.134239 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134239
  6. Gil-Martinez, L., Mut-Salud, N., Ruiz-Garcia, J.A., Falcon-Pineiro, A., Maijo-Ferre, M., Banos, A., De la Torre-Ramirez, J.M., Guillamon, E., Verardo, V. and Gomez-Caravaca, A.M (2023) 'Phytochemicals Determination, and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Blackberry Fruits', Foods, 12(7), pp. 1505. doi:10.3390/foods12071505 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071505
  7. Van de Velde, F., Esposito, D., Grace, M.H., Pirovani, M.E. and Lila, M.A (2018) 'Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of polyphenolic extracts from strawberry and blackberry fruits', Food Research International, 121, pp. 453-462. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059
  8. Verma, R., Gangrade, T., Punasiya, R. and Ghulaxe, C (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) use as an herbal medicine', Pharmacognosy Reviews. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4127818/ Preclinical
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4127818/
  9. Grabek-Lejko, D., Milek, M., Sidor, E., Puchalski, C. and Dzugan, M (2022) 'Antiviral and Antibacterial Effect of Honey Enriched with Rubus spp. as a Functional Food with Enhanced Antioxidant Properties', Molecules, pp. as. doi:10.3390/molecules27154859 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154859

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.