Plant Comparison

Licorice root vs Turkey tail

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ALicorice rootGlycyrrhiza glabraFabaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BTurkey tailTrametes versicolorPolyporaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Licorice root and Turkey tail: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cold & flu, immune support, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

Licorice rootTurkey tail

Constituents33

Pharmacological actions76

Indicated uses148

Safety notes22

Cited sources2017

Indicated uses

Only Licorice root

Acid refluxBronchitisCoughIndigestionMenstrual crampsMuscle spasmRespiratory support

Shared (7)

Arthritis / joint painCold & fluImmune supportInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds

Only Turkey tail

Cancer (anticancer research)

Pharmacological actions

Only Licorice root

AntispasmodicExpectorantGastroprotective

Shared (4)

Anti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntiviralImmunomodulator / immune support

Only Turkey tail

Anticancer (preclinical)Antioxidant

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Licorice root	Turkey tail	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail
Cold & flu	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail
Immune support	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail
Infection (general)	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail
Inflammation (general)	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail
Skin irritation	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail
Wounds	1/10	5/10	Stronger for Turkey tail

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Triterpenoid saponins (glycyrrhizin/glycyrrhizic acid)^[1]

The principal sweet-tasting compound, about 50 times sweeter than sucrose; responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antiviral and gastroprotective activity and also for the pseudoaldosteronism risk on prolonged high-dose use.

SaponinsGlycyrrhizin

Flavonoids and isoflavones (liquiritin, glabridin)^[1]

Antioxidant and antimicrobial polyphenols, including the skin-lightening compound glabridin.

Flavonoids

Coumarins and sterols^[1]

Minor supporting constituents of the root.

Beta-glucan polysaccharides^{[11, 12]}

The principal immunomodulating constituents, forming the basis of PSK/PSP extracts.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharopeptide (PSK/PSP, protein-bound polysaccharide)^[12]

Protein-bound polysaccharide complex studied extensively as an adjunct immunotherapy.

Polysaccharides

Phenolic compounds and triterpenes^[13]

Minor antioxidant constituents.

Phenolic compoundsTerpenes / terpenoids

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[1, 3, 4, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15]}

Antimicrobial^{[8, 13, 14, 15]}

Antispasmodic^{[13, 14, 15]}

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Antiviral^{[13, 14, 15]}

Expectorant^{[13, 14, 15]}

Gastroprotective^{[13, 14, 15]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[13, 14, 15]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[11, 12, 13]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]}

Antimicrobial^{[11, 12, 13]}

Antioxidant^{[8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]}

Antiviral^{[11, 12, 13]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Acid reflux^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from gastroprotective action

Evidence: 1

Label: Acid reflux

Arthritis / joint pain^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bronchitis^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bronchitis

Cold & flu^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 1

Label: Cold & flu

Cough^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 1

Label: Cough

Immune support^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Immune support

Indigestion^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from gastroprotective action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Menstrual cramps^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Menstrual cramps

Muscle spasm^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Muscle spasm

Respiratory support^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from expectorant action

Evidence: 1

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 9

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antiviral action

Evidence: 5

Label: Cold & flu

Immune support^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Immune support

Infection (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Skin irritation^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[11, 12, 13]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[13, 14, 15]}Caution

Avoid prolonged use of whole licorice root in large doses. May cause pseudoaldosteronism (hypertension, oedema, hypokalaemia). Contraindicated in hypertension, renal failure, liver disease, hypokalaemia, and pregnancy. DGL form is safer for prolonged gastric use. Interactions with antihypertensives, diuretics, and corticosteroids.

Safety note^{[13, 14, 15, 16]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates licorice as ++ and documents extensive activities. Glycyrrhizin (the key compound) has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, and adrenal-stimulant properties. Duke highlights an important safety concern: chronic use of licorice can cause pseudoaldosteronism — sodium retention, potassium loss, edema, and hypertension — due to glycyrrhizin's inhibition of cortisol metabolism. This effect is typically seen with >50 g licorice/day for more than 6 weeks. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) avoids this side effect. Dose: 5–15 g dried root daily. Contraindicated in hypertension, kidney disease, low potassium, liver cirrhosis, and in combination with diuretics or corticosteroids (Duke, 2002).

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13]}Caution

Generally very safe and well tolerated. Rare cases of digestive upset or allergic reaction. No significant known drug interactions at normal doses. The PSK pharmaceutical form is used safely alongside standard cancer treatments. Suitable for most adults.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for Turkey tail mushroom (Trametes versicolor) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

External Ids

Gbif: 2965732

Wikidata: Q257106

Gbif: 2548311

Wikidata: Q753833

Botanical Description

Herbaceous perennial legume with pinnately compound leaves of small, oval, slightly sticky leaflets. Pale blue-violet to lilac pea-like flowers are borne in loose spikes, followed by small, flattened, oblong pods. The sweet-tasting rhizome and root system, brownish-grey outside and bright yellow inside, is the medicinal part, spreading extensively underground via stolons.^[1]

Height: 1-1.5 m

Habit: Herbaceous perennial legume, spreading by underground stolons

Leaves: Pinnately compound, small oval leaflets, slightly sticky

Flowers: Pale blue-violet to lilac, pea-like, in loose spikes

Stem: Erect, branching

Root: Extensive, sweet-tasting rhizome and root system, brownish-grey outside, bright yellow inside

Fruit: Small, flattened, oblong pod

Flowering Period: June-August

Bracket fungus (not a true plant) forming thin, tough, fan-shaped, overlapping shelves on dead or decaying hardwood, with a velvety, concentrically zoned upper surface in bands of brown, tan, cream, blue-grey and rust, and a white, minutely pored underside.

Height: Individual brackets 2-8 cm across, forming overlapping clusters

Habit: Bracket (shelf) fungus growing directly from dead wood, in tiered, overlapping clusters

Leaves: Not applicable (fungus); the fruiting body is a thin, tough bracket

Flowers: Not applicable (fungus); reproduces via spores released from pores on the underside

Stem: No true stem; the bracket attaches directly to the wood

Root: Not applicable; mycelium threads through the wood substrate

Fruit: Fan-shaped fruiting body (bracket) with a white, densely pored underside

Flowering Period: Fruiting bodies present year-round, most abundant in autumn

Habitat

Grows in dry, sunny, deep-soiled sites, riverbanks and open scrub; native to the Mediterranean region and Western to Central Asia, and cultivated widely for its root.^[1]

Grows on dead, dying or fallen hardwood logs, stumps and branches in woodlands worldwide, including Europe, Asia and North America.

Harvesting

The root and rhizome are dug in autumn from plants at least three to four years old, when glycyrrhizin content is highest, then cleaned and dried; sold whole, cut, or as processed extract.^[1]

Parts: Root

Season: Autumn, from mature (3-4+ year) plants

Fresh brackets are harvested by cutting from the wood; for medicinal use the tough fruiting body is typically dried and then decocted (simmered) for a long time, or extracted, since the beneficial polysaccharides are not well-extracted by simple infusion.

Parts: Mycelium, Whole Plant

Season: Year-round, most abundant in autumn

Traditional Uses

Licorice root is one of the oldest and most widely used herbs in the world, with a documented history across Chinese, Ayurvedic, Greek and European traditional medicine as a soothing demulcent and expectorant for coughs and sore throat, a gastroprotective remedy for stomach discomfort and ulcers, and a harmonising, sweetening addition to herbal formulas.^[1]

Turkey tail has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (as yun zhi) and is one of the most researched medicinal mushrooms, with standardized polysaccharide-K (PSK) and polysaccharopeptide (PSP) extracts used clinically in Japan and China alongside conventional cancer treatment to support immune function.^{[11, 12, 13]}

Preparations

Decoction^[1]

Dried root simmered in water as a traditional soothing, expectorant and gastroprotective tea.

Standardised extract^[1]

Root extract standardised to glycyrrhizin content, taken as capsules or lozenges.

Long decoction^[11]

Dried fruiting body simmered in water for an extended period (often 1-2 hours) to extract the beta-glucan polysaccharides, then strained.

Standardized extract (PSK/PSP)^[12]

Standardized polysaccharide-K (PSK) or polysaccharopeptide (PSP) extract, the pharmaceutical-grade forms used in clinical research.

Dosage

Whole root/decoction^[12]

The EU herbal monograph gives, for adults and elderly, 1.5-2 g of the comminuted root in 150 mL of boiling water as an infusion or decoction 2 to 4 times daily, taken one cup after meals; a soft extract (DER 1:0.4-0.5) at 32 mg 2-3 times daily, not exceeding 160 mg daily, is also listed. The monograph directs that it is NOT to be used for more than 4 weeks, and is not recommended under 18 years - the duration limit matters because prolonged licorice use causes pseudoaldosteronism (sodium and water retention, potassium loss, raised blood pressure). Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is preferred where prolonged use is intended. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Standardized extract^[12]

Clinical research on PSK commonly uses around 3 g daily in divided doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0826, REF-0827, REF-0828, REF-2187, REF-2188, REF-2189, REF-2190, REF-2191, REF-2192, REF-2193, REF-2194

REF-1582, REF-1583, REF-1584, REF-1585, REF-1586, REF-1587, REF-1588, REF-1589, REF-1590, REF-1591

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note^{[17, 18, 19, 20]}Caution

Drug Class: antihypertensives

Mechanism: Licorice (glycyrrhizic acid) can cause sodium retention, potassium loss and raised blood pressure (pseudoaldosteronism), which can oppose blood-pressure medicines. Meta-analyses of randomised trials confirm that glycyrrhizic acid raises systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a crossover trial found this even at a low daily dose (100 mg). Avoid regular or high licorice intake if you take blood-pressure medicines.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[17, 18]}Caution

Drug Class: cardiac-glycosides

Mechanism: Licorice-induced potassium loss can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity; a meta-analysis confirms licorice lowers plasma potassium, and low potassium makes the heart more sensitive to cardiac glycosides. Avoid regular or high intake.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^[18]Caution

Drug Class: diuretics

Mechanism: Licorice (glycyrrhizic acid) causes the body to lose potassium; combined with potassium-wasting water tablets (thiazide or loop diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide) this can add up to dangerously low potassium, which a meta-analysis confirms licorice lowers. Licorice also works against potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone by mimicking aldosterone. Avoid regular or high licorice intake with any diuretic.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17]}Caution

Dangerous Plant: stereum-hirsutum

Confused Part: The whole fan-shaped bracket (the concentrically zoned shelf growing on dead hardwood), especially the top surface, which looks almost identical from above.

Confusion Context: False turkey tail (Stereum hirsutum, and the near-identical Stereum ostrea) is the commonest fungus mistaken for medicinal turkey tail. Seen from above the two are near-identical: overlapping, fan-shaped, concentrically banded, fuzzy-topped brackets on dead wood. Stereum is NOT poisonous - it is simply inedible (too thin and leathery) and there are no documented poisonings. The problem is that it is a crust fungus lacking the medicinal polysaccharides of true turkey tail, so anyone who brews it gets a worthless tea. This record exists to prevent a wasted, ineffective harvest, not to warn of poisoning.

Distinguishing Features: UNDERSIDE (decisive): true turkey tail has a whitish PORE surface underneath, densely covered with tiny pores/tubes (about 2-5 per mm, visible with a hand lens). False turkey tail (Stereum) has a completely SMOOTH, poreless underside - it is a crust fungus, not a polypore., Underside colour: true turkey tail's pore surface is white to off-white. Stereum's smooth underside is typically tan, yellowish, greyish or pale reddish-brown; a coloured, non-white underside is a red flag., Texture: true turkey tail is thin and flexible; Stereum tends to be tougher, more leathery and often wavier at the margin.

Key Test: Turn the bracket over and look at the underside with a hand lens. Genuine turkey tail shows a white surface densely covered in tiny pores (roughly 2-5 per mm). If the underside is SMOOTH and poreless (and often tan/orange/brown rather than white), it is false turkey tail (Stereum) - discard it. Smooth underside = not turkey tail.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

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Chu, K.K., Ho, S.S. and Chow, A.H (2002) 'Coriolus versicolor: a medicinal mushroom with promising immunotherapeutic values', 42(9), pp. 976--984. doi:10.1177/0091270002042009004 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270002042009004
Standish, L.J., Wenner, C.A., Sweet, E.S., Bridge, C., Nelson, A., Martzen, M., Novack, J. and Torkelson, C (2008) 'Trametes versicolor mushroom immune therapy in breast cancer', 6(3), pp. 122--128. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Trametes%20versicolor%20mushroom%20immune%20therapy%20in%20breast%20cancer
Wasser, S.P (2011) 'Current findings, future trends, and unsolved problems in studies of medicinal mushrooms', 89(5), pp. 1323--1332. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-3067-4 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-3067-4
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Macalester College, Katharine Ordway Natural History Study Area 'Turkey Tail Fungus (Trametes versicolor)'. Available at: https://www.macalester.edu/ordway/biodiversity/inventory/turkeytailfungus/ Traditional / reference
https://www.macalester.edu/ordway/biodiversity/inventory/turkeytailfungus/
Missouri Department of Conservation 'False Turkey Tail (Stereum ostrea)'. Available at: https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/false-turkey-tail Traditional / reference
https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/false-turkey-tail
Kuo, Michael 'Stereum ostrea (False Turkey Tail)'. Available at: https://www.mushroomexpert.com/stereum_ostrea.html Traditional / reference
https://www.mushroomexpert.com/stereum_ostrea.html

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.