Plant Comparison

Meadowsweet vs Goldenrod

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AMeadowsweetFilipendula ulmariaRosaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BGoldenrodSolidago virgaureaAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Meadowsweet and Goldenrod: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), inflammation (general), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

MeadowsweetGoldenrod
Constituents33
Pharmacological actions84
Indicated uses167
Safety notes22
Cited sources1717
Indicated uses
Only Meadowsweet
Acid refluxBack painHeadacheIndigestionInfection (general)Menstrual crampsMuscle spasmPain (general)Wounds
Shared (7)
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)
Only Goldenrod
none
Pharmacological actions
Only Meadowsweet
Analgesic (pain relief)AntimicrobialAntispasmodicGastroprotective
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantDiuretic
Only Goldenrod
none

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionMeadowsweetGoldenrodVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/101/10Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)1/102/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/101/10Comparable evidence
Swelling / fluid retention1/101/10Comparable evidence
Urinary support1/107/10Stronger for Goldenrod
Urinary tract infection (UTI)1/102/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Salicylates (methyl salicylate, salicylic acid derivatives)[1, 4]

Historically the source of aspirin's chemical inspiration; provide the plant's analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, buffered by co-occurring mucilage and tannins.

Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, hyperoside)[1]

Antioxidant constituents contributing to the plant's anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects.

FlavonoidsQuercetinRutin
Tannins and essential oil[1]

Contribute to astringency and the characteristic sweet almond-like fragrance.

TanninsEssential (volatile) oil
Saponins[12]

Studied constituents of the aerial parts.

Saponins
Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin)[1]

Contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

FlavonoidsQuercetinRutin
Phenolic acids and diterpenes[1]

Minor supporting constituents.

Phenolic acids

Pharmacological Actions

Analgesic (pain relief)[5, 14, 15, 16]
Anti-inflammatory[1, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15, 16]
Anticancer (preclinical)[2, 12]
Antimicrobial[14, 15, 16]
Antioxidant[1, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16]
Antispasmodic[14, 15, 16]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Diuretic[9, 11, 14, 15, 16]
Gastroprotective[1, 14, 15, 16]
Anti-inflammatory[1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 13]
Anticancer (preclinical)[6]
Antioxidant[1, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Diuretic[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Acid reflux[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from gastroprotective action

Evidence: 1
Label: Acid reflux
Arthritis / joint pain[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Back pain[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Back pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[2, 12]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Headache[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Headache
Indigestion[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from gastroprotective action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Menstrual cramps[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Pain (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Pain (general)
Skin irritation[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Inflammation (general)[2, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[1, 4, 11, 12, 13]Good · 7/10
Evidence: 7
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[4, 11, 12, 13]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 2
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[14, 15, 16]Caution

Generally safe in normal culinary and medicinal doses. Avoid in salicylate sensitivity or aspirin allergy. Not recommended for children with viral illnesses (Reye's syndrome risk, as with other salicylate-containing plants). Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Safety note[14, 15, 16, 17]Caution

Duke (2002) rates meadowsweet as ++ and notes analgesic, antiulcer, antirheumatic, astringent, and anti-aggregant activities at the experimental level (score 1). The plant is historically significant as a precursor to aspirin — salicylate compounds in meadowsweet were originally used to derive acetylsalicylic acid. Unlike aspirin, meadowsweet's salicylates are combined with protective mucilaginous compounds that may reduce gastric irritation. Duke notes that individuals with aspirin (salicylate) sensitivity should avoid meadowsweet; the plant also has anticoagulant properties that may interact with blood-thinning medications (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

Generally well tolerated. Not recommended in cases of fluid retention due to impaired cardiac or renal function. Ensure adequate fluid intake when using as a diuretic. May cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae plants. Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data.

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Caution

Duke (2002) provides clinical evidence (score 2) for goldenrod's anti-inflammatory activity, consistent with Commission E approval. It is also classified as an aquaretic (increases urine output without electrolyte loss) and antispasmodic, used for urinary tract irrigation therapy. Dose: 6–12 g dried herb daily as tea for urinary complaints. Duke cautions against use in cases of edema from renal or cardiac insufficiency, and notes that the herb may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae plants (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 2987999
Wikidata: Q147176
Gbif: 6446462
Wikidata: Q599435

Botanical Description

Tall, moisture-loving perennial herb with pinnately compound leaves, dark green above and whitish-downy beneath, the leaflets sharply toothed. Dense, fluffy, creamy-white flower clusters with a strong, sweet, almond-like fragrance are borne atop reddish, grooved stems.[1]

Height: 60-120 cm
Habit: Tall, erect, moisture-loving perennial herb
Leaves: Pinnately compound, dark green above, whitish-downy beneath, sharply toothed leaflets
Flowers: Dense, fluffy, creamy-white clusters with a strong sweet almond-like fragrance
Stem: Reddish, grooved, erect
Root: Fibrous roots from a short rhizome
Fruit: Small, spirally twisted achenes
Flowering Period: June-September

Perennial herb (Asteraceae), 20-100 cm tall, with erect, often reddish, downy or smooth stems. Leaves are alternate, lance-shaped and toothed. Numerous small, bright yellow, daisy-like flower heads are clustered into branched, plume-like terminal sprays, followed by small ribbed achenes with a tuft of hairs (pappus).[1]

Height: 20-100 cm
Habit: Erect perennial herb
Leaves: Alternate, lance-shaped, toothed
Flowers: Small, bright yellow, daisy-like, in branched plume-like sprays
Stem: Erect, often reddish, downy or smooth
Root: Fibrous perennial rootstock
Fruit: Small ribbed achenes with a hairy pappus
Flowering Period: July-October

Habitat

Grows in damp meadows, marshes, riverbanks, ditches and wet woodland margins; native to Europe and temperate Asia, favouring moist, nutrient-rich ground.[1]

Native throughout Europe and temperate Asia, growing on dry grassland, woodland clearings, heaths and rocky ground; less aggressively spreading than the North American Solidago canadensis, with which it is sometimes confused.[1, 11]

Harvesting

The flowering tops, leaf and stem are cut in summer as the flowers open, when the characteristic salicylate content is highest, and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place.[1]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Summer, at flowering

The flowering aerial parts are cut during flowering (late summer) and dried.[11]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Late summer, during flowering

Traditional Uses

Meadowsweet is historically significant as the plant from which salicylic acid derivatives (the chemical basis of aspirin) were first isolated, and has long been used in European folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastroprotective remedy for feverish colds, rheumatic and joint pain, and digestive complaints such as acid reflux and indigestion - notably, its natural mucilage is thought to buffer the gastric irritation associated with isolated salicylates.[1, 4]

Goldenrod has a long European folk-medicine tradition as a mild 'aquaretic' diuretic and anti-inflammatory remedy for the urinary tract, used traditionally for urinary-tract irrigation therapy alongside adequate fluid intake, and topically as a wound herb (one common name is 'woundwort'). Modern phytochemical work confirms saponin- and flavonoid-driven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and diuretic activity.[1, 11]

Preparations

Infusion[1]

Dried flower, leaf and stem infused in hot water as a traditional anti-inflammatory and digestive tea.

Tincture[13]

Tincture (1:5) of the dried aerial parts; single dose 2-4 ml, daily dose 6-12 ml per the EU herbal monograph. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Standardised extract[4]

Concentrated extract studied in vitro and in vivo for anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity.

Infusion (tea)[11]

Dried aerial parts steeped in hot water - the classic urinary-tract preparation.

Dosage

Infusion[13]

The EU herbal monograph gives a single dose of 1.5-6 g of the comminuted herb as an infusion, for a daily dose of 2-18 g, in adults and elderly; a powdered herbal substance at 250-500 mg per dose (250-1500 mg daily) and a 1:5 tincture at 2-4 mL per dose (6-12 mL daily) are also listed. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to salicylates. For rheumatic-type complaints, not to be used for more than 4 weeks. Not recommended under 18 years. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)[11, 12, 13]

Duke (2002): about 6-12 g dried herb daily as tea for urinary complaints. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in fluid retention from cardiac or renal impairment.

References

REF-0815, REF-0816, REF-0817, REF-2030, REF-2031, REF-2032, REF-2033, REF-2034, REF-2035, REF-2036, REF-2037, REF-2038
REF-1045, REF-1046, REF-1047, REF-1048, REF-1049, REF-1050, REF-1051, REF-1052, REF-1053, REF-1054

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note[15, 16, 17]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: jacobaea-vulgaris
Confused Part: Yellow-flowered plant gathered for its flowering tops; toxic ragwort shares the yellow colour and the same rough grassland.
Confusion Context: Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) is gathered for its yellow flowering tops. As foraging guidance notes, goldenrod has toxic look-alikes - notably ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris / Senecio jacobaea), a yellow-flowered weed of the same rough grassland. Ragwort contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause cumulative liver damage and can be fatal, with highest risk once the plant is cut or dried into herbal material or hay. Because both are yellow-flowered plants of the same ground, correct identification matters before gathering.
Distinguishing Features: Flowers (decisive): goldenrod carries many tiny flower heads packed into a plume or spray. Ragwort has larger, open, daisy-like yellow flowers (with about 13 spreading ray petals) in flat-topped clusters, and fewer heads., Leaves: goldenrod leaves are simple, lance-shaped and toothed; ragwort leaves are blunter, deeply lobed and ruffled ('kale-like')., Timing: ragwort tends to flower earlier than goldenrod.
Key Test: Look at the flower heads. Many tiny florets in a feathery plume on a leafy stem = goldenrod. Larger open daisy-like yellow flowers with about 13 petals and ruffled lobed leaves = ragwort - liver-toxic, do not gather it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Samardžić, S., Arsenijević, J., Božić, D., Milenković, M. et al (2017) 'Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and Filipendula vulgaris Moench', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 213, pp. 132-137. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.013 Preclinical
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  2. Andonova, T., Muhovski, Y., Apostolova, E., Naimov, S. et al (2024) 'DNA-Protective, Antioxidant and Anti-Carcinogenic Potential of Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) Dry Tincture', Antioxidants (Basel), 13(10), pp. 1200. doi:10.3390/antiox13101200 Preclinical
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  3. Van der Auwera, A., Peeters, L., Foubert, K., Piazza, S. et al (2023) 'In Vitro Biotransformation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Constituents and Metabolites of Filipendula ulmaria', Pharmaceutics, 15(4), pp. 1291. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15041291 Preclinical
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  4. Katanic, J., Boroja, T., Mihailovic, V., Nikles, S., Pan, S., Rosic, G., Selakovic, D., Joksimovic, J., Mitrovic, S. and Bauer, R (2016) 'In vitro and in vivo assessment of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) as anti-inflammatory agent', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 193, pp. 627-636. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.015 Preclinical
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  6. Katanic, J., Matic, S., Pferschy-Wenzig, E., Kretschmer, N., Boroja, T., Mihailovic, V., Stankovic, V., Stankovic, N., Mladenovic, M., Stanic, S., Mihailovic, M. and Bauer, R (2016) 'Filipendula ulmaria extracts attenuate cisplatin-induced liver and kidney oxidative stress in rats: In vivo investigation and LC-MS analysis', Food and Chemical Toxicology, 99, pp. 86-102. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.018 Preclinical
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  7. Arsenijevic, N., Selakovic, D., Katanic Stankovic, J.S., Mihailovic, V., Mitrovic, S., Milenkovic, J., Milanovic, P., Vasovic, M., Nikezic, A., Milosevic-Djordjevic, O., Zivanovic, M., Filipovic, N., Jakovljevic, V., Jovicic, N. and Rosic, G (2021) 'Variable neuroprotective role of Filipendula ulmaria extract in rat hippocampus', Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 20(4), pp. 871-883. doi:10.31083/j.jin2004089 Preclinical
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  8. Matic, S., Katanic, J., Stanic, S., Mladenovic, M., Stankovic, N., Mihailovic, V. and Boroja, T (2015) 'In vitro and in vivo assessment of the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the Filipendula hexapetala and Filipendula ulmaria methanol extracts', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174, pp. 287-292. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.025 Preclinical
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  9. Pannakal, S.T., Eilstein, J., Hubert, J., Kotland, A., Prasad, A., Gueguiniat-Prevot, A., Juchaux, F., Beaumard, F., Seru, G., John, S. and Roy, D (2023) 'Rapid Chemical Profiling of Filipendula ulmaria Using CPC Fractionation, 2-D Mapping of 13C NMR Data, and High-Resolution LC-MS', Molecules, 28(17), pp. 6349. doi:10.3390/molecules28176349 Preclinical
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  10. Valle, M.G., Nano, G.M. and Tira, S (1988) 'The Essential Oil of Filipendula ulmaria', Planta Medica, 54(2), pp. 181-182. doi:10.1055/s-2006-962390 Preclinical
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  11. Popowski, D., Zentek, J., Piwowarski, J.P. and Granica, S (2021) 'Gut Microbiota of Pigs Metabolizes Extracts of Filipendula ulmaria and Orthosiphon aristatus - Herbal Remedies Used in Urinary Tract Disorders', Planta Medica, 88(3-04), pp. 254-261. doi:10.1055/a-1647-2866 Preclinical
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  12. Bespalov, V.G., Alexandrov, V.A., Semenov, A.L., Kovan'ko, E.G., Ivanov, S.D., Vysochina, G.I., Kostikova, V.A. and Baranenko, D.A (2016) 'The inhibitory effect of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in rats', International Journal of Radiation Biology, 93(4), pp. 394-401. doi:10.1080/09553002.2016.1257834 Preclinical
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  13. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2011) 'Community herbal monograph on Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., herba'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-filipendula-ulmaria-l-maxim-herba-first-version_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-filipendula-ulmaria-l-maxim-herba-first-version_en.pdf
  14. Bridge, J (2008) 'The Herbal Remedy Handbook'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20Herbal%20Remedy%20Handbook
  15. Drummond, E.M., Harbourne, N., Marete, E., Jacquier, J.C., O'Riordan, D. and Gibney, E.R (2013) 'Inhibition of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in THP1 macrophages by polyphenols derived from chamomile, meadowsweet and willow bark', 27(4), pp. 588--594. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Inhibition%20of%20pro-inflammatory%20biomarkers%20in%20THP1%20macrophages%20by%20polyphenols%20derived%20from%20chamomile%2C%20meadowsweet%20and%20willow%20bark
  16. Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal
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    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  1. Fursenco, C., Calalb, T., Uncu, L., Dinu, M. and others (2020) 'Solidago virgaurea L.: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities', Biomolecules, 10(12), pp. 1619. doi:10.3390/biom10121619 Meta-analysis / review
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  2. Abdel Motaal, A., Ezzat, S.M., Tadros, M.G. and El-Askary, H.I (2016) 'In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from Solidago virgaurea in rats', Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12), pp. 2864-2870. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1190381 Preclinical
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  3. Précheur, I., Rolland, Y., Hasseine, L., Orange, F. and others (2020) 'Solidago virgaurea L. Plant Extract Targeted Against Candida albicans to Reduce Oral Microbial Biomass: A Double Blind Randomized Trial on Healthy Adults', Antibiotics, 9(4), pp. 137. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040137 Randomized trial
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  4. Wojnicz, D., Tichaczek-Goska, D., Glensk, M. and Hendrich, A.B (2021) 'Is It Worth Combining Solidago virgaurea Extract and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Rods? An In Vitro Model Study', Pharmaceutics, 13(4), pp. 573. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13040573 Preclinical
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  5. El-Tantawy, W.H (2013) 'Biochemical effects of Solidago virgaurea extract on experimental cardiotoxicity', Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 70(1), pp. 33-42. doi:10.1007/s13105-013-0277-0 Preclinical
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  6. Gross, S.C., Goodarzi, G., Watabe, M., Bandyopadhyay, S. and others (2002) 'Antineoplastic activity of Solidago virgaurea on prostatic tumor cells in an SCID mouse model', Nutrition and Cancer, 43(1), pp. 76-81. doi:10.1207/S15327914NC431_9 Preclinical
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  7. Starks, C.M., Williams, R.B., Goering, M.G., O'Neil-Johnson, M. and others (2010) 'Antibacterial clerodane diterpenes from Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)', Phytochemistry, 71(1), pp. 104-109. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.032 Preclinical
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  8. Malicanin, M., Karabegovic, I., Dordevic, N., Mancic, S. and others (2024) 'Influence of the Extraction Method on the Biological Potential of Solidago virgaurea L. Essential Oil and Hydrolates', Plants, 13(16), pp. 2187. doi:10.3390/plants13162187 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162187
  9. Zehra, S.A., Bhattarai, P., Zhang, J., Liu, Y. and others (2022) 'Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity of Solidago virgaurea Extracts', Current Bioactive Compounds, 19(4), pp. e150622206146. doi:10.2174/1573407218666220615143502 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407218666220615143502
  10. Jang, Y.S., Wang, Z., Lee, J.M., Lee, J.Y. and others (2016) 'Screening of Korean Natural Products for Anti-Adipogenesis Properties and Isolation of Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside as a Potent Anti-Adipogenetic Compound from Solidago virgaurea', Molecules, 21(2), pp. 226. doi:10.3390/molecules21020226 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21020226
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  12. Bader, G., Binder, K., Hiller, K. and Zwintscher, U (1990) 'The saponins from Solidago virgaurea L', 45(8), pp. 618--622. Traditional / reference
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  13. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
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  15. Grow Forage Cook Ferment 'Foraging Goldenrod (Solidago): Identification and Uses'. Available at: https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-goldenrod/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.growforagecookferment.com/foraging-goldenrod/
  16. Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board 'Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)'. Available at: https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort Traditional / reference
    https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort
  17. Schneider, J. and Tsegaye, Y. and W/Tensae, M. and G/Selassie, S. and Haile, T. and Bane, A. and Ali, A. and Mesfin, G. and Seboxa, T (2012) 'Veno-occlusive liver disease: a case report', Ethiopian Medical Journal, 50 Suppl 2, pp. 47-51. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22946295/ Clinical study
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.