Plant Comparison

Field Horsetail vs Field restharrow

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AField HorsetailEquisetum arvenseEquisetaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BField restharrowOnonis arvensisFabaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Field Horsetail and Field restharrow: they share 8 indicated uses (cancer (anticancer research), infection (general), inflammation (general), …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.

Field HorsetailField restharrow
Constituents36
Pharmacological actions612
Indicated uses1111
Safety notes23
Cited sources1942
Indicated uses
Only Field Horsetail
Arthritis / joint painBack painBruising
Shared (8)
Cancer (anticancer research)Infection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)Wounds
Only Field restharrow
Kidney supportPain (general)Cardiovascular / heart health
Pharmacological actions
Only Field Horsetail
Anti-rheumatic / anti-arthritic
Shared (5)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialDiureticVulnerary (wound healing)
Only Field restharrow
Urinary antisepticAntioxidantAnalgesic (pain relief)GastroprotectiveAntifungalLipid-loweringAntiplatelet / anticoagulant

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionField HorsetailField restharrowVerdict
Cancer (anticancer research)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Infection (general)5/102/10Stronger for Field Horsetail
Inflammation (general)5/102/10Stronger for Field Horsetail
Skin irritation5/102/10Stronger for Field Horsetail
Swelling / fluid retention5/107/10Stronger for Field restharrow
Urinary support5/109/10Stronger for Field restharrow
Urinary tract infection (UTI)5/102/10Stronger for Field Horsetail
Wounds5/102/10Stronger for Field Horsetail

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Silica (silicic acid)[11]

Field horsetail is exceptionally rich in silica, concentrated in the stem, and is a signature source of this mineral in Western herbal medicine.

Silica
Flavonoids[11]

Antioxidant flavonoids contributing to the plant's anti-inflammatory activity.

Flavonoids
Thiaminase[11]

An enzyme that degrades vitamin B1 (thiamine); the basis of the caution against prolonged or excessive use.

Isoflavonoids (formononetin, ononin and derivatives)[1, 3, 5, 20]

Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).

FlavonoidsGlycosidesPhenolic compounds
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones (medicarpin, maackiain, onogenin, sativanone)[1, 4]

Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.

FlavonoidsGlycosides
alpha-Onocerin[7]

alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.

Triterpene saponinsTerpenes / terpenoids
Coumarins (scopoletin, scopolin)[1]

Coumarins detected in the phytochemical profile.

Coumarins
Hydroxycinnamic / phenolic acids[6]

Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).

Caffeic acidChlorogenic acidPhenolic acids
Essential (volatile) oil[10]

A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.

Essential (volatile) oil

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[2, 3, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Anti-rheumatic / anti-arthritic[2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Anticancer (preclinical)[4]
Antimicrobial[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Diuretic[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Diuretic[8, 13, 28, 30, 42]

Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.

Urinary antiseptic[15]

Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).

Anti-inflammatory[14, 16, 17, 39]

Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).

Antimicrobial[2, 13, 21, 41]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[16, 20]

Isoflavonoids from restharrow root promote wound healing in vivo.

Antioxidant[5, 6, 13, 21, 31, 34, 40]
Analgesic (pain relief)[18, 33]

Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).

Gastroprotective[19]

Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).

Anticancer (preclinical)[5, 27]

Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).

Antifungal[22]
Lipid-lowering[24, 35]
Antiplatelet / anticoagulant[26]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Back pain[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-rheumatic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Back pain
Bruising[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 5
Label: Bruising
Cancer (anticancer research)[4]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Infection (general)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds
Cancer (anticancer research)[5, 27]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Urinary support[8, 13, 15, 28, 30]Strong · 9/10

Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.

Evidence: 9
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[15]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.

Evidence: 2
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Kidney support[8, 13]Good · 7/10

inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use

Evidence: 7
Label: Kidney support
Swelling / fluid retention[13]Good · 7/10

inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action

Evidence: 7
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Infection (general)[2]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Wounds[16]Traditional · 2/10

Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds
Skin irritation[8, 17]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Inflammation (general)[14, 17]Traditional · 2/10
Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Pain (general)[18]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 2
Label: Pain (general)
Cardiovascular / heart health[24, 26, 35]Traditional · 2/10

Ononis isoflavonoids (maackiain, ononin) showed anti-adipogenic activity via PPAR-gamma inhibition (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]Caution

Field horsetail contains thiaminase, an enzyme that degrades thiamine (vitamin B1); prolonged or excessive use can cause thiamine deficiency — symptoms include neurological problems and weight loss. This risk is greatest with repeated large doses or prolonged use. The plant also contains nicotine at low levels and silica compounds. Not recommended for children or during pregnancy and breastfeeding. People with impaired kidney function should avoid use, as diuretic effects may worsen fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Caution with concurrent diuretic medications. The EMA herbal monograph recognises traditional use at appropriate short-term doses in adults only (European Medicines Agency, 2016; Sandhu et al., 2010).

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]Caution

Duke (2002) rates horsetail as + (moderate caution) and notes clinical evidence (score 2) for its diuretic and wound-healing (vulnerary) activities, consistent with Commission E approval. High silica content may strengthen connective tissue, hair, and nails. Dose: 6 g dried herb daily as tea or in capsules. Horsetail contains thiaminase (breaks down vitamin B1) and an unidentified neurotoxin — it should not be taken long-term or in large quantities. Not for use in patients with edema due to cardiac or renal insufficiency, and avoid in children under 12 (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[18]Warning

A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.

Safety note[13]Caution

Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).

Safety note[1, 3]Caution

The root is rich in isoflavone phytoestrogens (formononetin); avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy and breastfeeding and use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.

External Ids

Gbif: 7924597
Wikidata: Q107592
Gbif: 2977171
Wikidata: Q164263

Botanical Description

Perennial, spore-bearing (non-flowering) plant with two distinct stem types arising from a deep, black, jointed rhizome. In early spring, unbranched, pale brownish fertile stems appear first, each topped with a spore-bearing cone, and die back once spores are shed; these are followed by the familiar green, hollow, jointed, ridged sterile stems bearing whorls of thin, needle-like branches at each node, giving a bottlebrush appearance.

Height: 20-80 cm (sterile stems)
Habit: Perennial, spore-bearing (non-flowering) herb with separate fertile and sterile stems
Leaves: Reduced to small, fused, toothed sheaths at each stem node (true leaves absent)
Flowers: None; reproduces by spores borne in a cone atop the unbranched fertile spring stems
Stem: Hollow, jointed, ridged green sterile stems with whorled branches; separate pale unbranched fertile stems in spring
Root: Deep, black, jointed, far-spreading rhizome
Fruit: Spores released from the fertile cone, not a true fruit
Flowering Period: Not applicable (spore-bearing); fertile stems appear in early spring

A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]

Height: 30-80 cm
Habit: Deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub, sometimes softly spiny
Leaves: Trifoliolate (clover-like), with finely toothed leaflets; stems hairy and glandular-sticky
Flowers: Pea-type, pink to purplish-pink (rarely white), solitary or paired in the leaf axils
Stem: Erect to ascending, hairy and sticky, often reddish; less spiny than O. spinosa
Root: Very long, woody, tenacious taproot (the medicinal Ononidis radix)
Fruit: A small, hairy, few-seeded pea pod
Flowering Period: June-September

Habitat

Grows in damp grassland, waste ground, riverbanks, roadsides and disturbed soil on a wide range of soils; native and common across the temperate Northern Hemisphere (Europe, Asia, North America).

Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]

Harvesting

The green sterile stems are cut in summer, at their most vigorous, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place; careful identification against the more toxic marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre), which grows in similar damp ground, is essential before wild-harvesting.

Parts: Stem, Whole Plant
Season: Summer, when sterile stems are fully grown

The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]

Parts: Root, Aerial parts
Season: Root in autumn; aerial parts in flower (summer)

Traditional Uses

Field horsetail has a long European folk history as a diuretic remedy for urinary gravel and mild fluid retention, as an astringent, anti-inflammatory and vulnerary herb for wounds and connective-tissue support, and, owing to its very high silica content, as a traditional tonic for hair, nails and skin.[11]

Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]

Preparations

Decoction/infusion[11]

Dried sterile stem simmered or infused in hot water as a traditional diuretic and connective-tissue-support tea.

Decoction[8, 13]

The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.

Infusion[8]

The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.

Gargle / wash[8]

A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.

Dosage

Decoction/infusion[12]

The EU herbal monograph gives a single dose of 1-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150 mL of boiling water as an infusion or decoction (5-15 minutes), 3-4 times daily, for a daily dose of 3-12 g, in adolescents, adults and elderly; traditionally used over a period of 2 to 4 weeks. For cutaneous use, 10 g in 1 L of water as a decoction for impregnated dressings and irrigation. Not recommended under 12 years. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Not documented

References

REF-1398, REF-0727, REF-1399, REF-1400, REF-1401, REF-1402, REF-1403, REF-1404, REF-1405, REF-1406
REF-2741, REF-2742, REF-2743, REF-2744, REF-2745, REF-2746, REF-2747, REF-2748, REF-2749, REF-2750, REF-2751, REF-2752, REF-2753, REF-2754, REF-2755, REF-2756, REF-2757, REF-2758, REF-2759, REF-2760, REF-3015, REF-3016, REF-3017, REF-3018, REF-3019, REF-3020, REF-3021, REF-3022, REF-3023, REF-3024, REF-3025, REF-3026, REF-3027, REF-3028, REF-3029, REF-3030, REF-3031, REF-3032, REF-3033, REF-3034, REF-3035, REF-3036

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

[8]

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[17, 18, 19]Dangerous
Dangerous Plant: equisetum-palustre
Confused Part: Sterile green stems gathered and dried for horsetail tea; toxic marsh horsetail looks very similar and grows in the same damp ground.
Confusion Context: Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is gathered for horsetail tea, but horsetails are notoriously hard to tell apart, and marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre) - one of the most poisonous plants of wet grasslands - grows in the same damp habitat and looks very similar. Marsh horsetail contains the alkaloids palustrine and palustridiene plus high thiaminase (which destroys vitamin B1); it is a well-known livestock poison, and peer-reviewed work stresses that medicinal horsetail must be properly authenticated and differentiated from the more toxic marsh horsetail, which can adulterate herbal material. Because the species are so alike, unverified wild horsetail is a real hazard.
Distinguishing Features: Branch teeth: marsh horsetail (the toxic one) has 5-6 teeth on each branch sheath that lie flat (appressed) against the branch. Broad, spreading teeth in threes or fours indicate a non-toxic horsetail rather than marsh horsetail., Branches solid vs hollow: marsh horsetail has hollow branches, whereas field horsetail's branches are solid. A hollow first branch segment is a warning sign., First branch segment vs sheath: on marsh horsetail the lowest segment of each side branch is short - shorter than or about equal to the stem sheath it emerges from. A first branch segment clearly longer than the sheath indicates it is NOT marsh horsetail. Marsh horsetail also favours wet, marshy ground and fens.
Key Test: Because horsetails are so alike and marsh horsetail is poisonous, only use wild horsetail if you can positively exclude marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre): confirm branch sheaths have 3-4 spreading teeth (not 5-6 flat-lying ones), solid (not hollow) branches, and a first branch segment longer than the stem sheath. If you cannot confirm all of these - or the plant grows in wet, marshy ground - do not use it.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

Synonyms

Not documented

Ononis hircina, Ononis arvensis subsp. arvensis

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note[8, 13]Caution
Drug Class: diuretics
Mechanism: Restharrow is an aquaretic diuretic; taken with pharmaceutical diuretics it may add to fluid and electrolyte loss.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10
Safety note[1, 3]Caution
Drug Class: hormonal-therapies
Mechanism: The root is rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; it could theoretically interact with hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement or hormone-sensitive conditions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Pairings

Not documented

Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]

Partner Id: solidago-virgaurea
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]

Partner Id: betula-pendula
Type: synergy
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]

Partner Id: trifolium-pratense
Type: caution
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-10

References & Sources

  1. Hegedus, C., Muresan, M., Badale, A., Bombicz, M. and others (2020) 'SIRT1 Activation by Equisetum arvense L. (Horsetail) Modulates Insulin Sensitivity in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats', Molecules, 25(11), pp. 2541. doi:10.3390/molecules25112541 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112541
  2. Dragos, D., Gilca, M., Gaman, L., Vlad, A., Iosif, L. et al (2017) 'Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders', Nutrients, 9(1), pp. 70. doi:10.3390/nu9010070 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010070
  3. Grundemann, C., Lengen, K., Sauer, B., Garcia-Kaufer, M. and others (2014) 'Equisetum arvense (common horsetail) modulates the function of inflammatory immunocompetent cells', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, pp. 283. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-283 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-283
  4. Wang, L., Zhang, L., Zheng, G. and Luo, H (2021) 'Equisetum arvense L aqueous extract: a novel chemotherapeutic supplement for treatment of human colon carcinoma', Archives of Medical Science, 19(5), pp. 1472-1478. doi:10.5114/aoms/138146 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/138146
  5. Jeong, S.Y., Yu, H.S., Ra, M.J., Jung, S.M. and others (2023) 'Phytochemical Investigation of Equisetum arvense and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Potential in TNFalpha/INFgamma-Stimulated Keratinocytes', Pharmaceuticals, 16(10), pp. 1478. doi:10.3390/ph16101478 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16101478
  6. Klncalp, S., Ekiz, F., Basar, O., Coban, S. and others (2012) 'Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail)-induced liver injury', European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 24(2), pp. 213-214. doi:10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834e7ff0 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834e7ff0
  7. Maeda, H., Miyamoto, K. and Sano, T (1997) 'Occurrence of dermatitis in rats fed a cholesterol diet containing field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.)', Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 43(5), pp. 553-563. doi:10.3177/jnsv.43.553 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.43.553
  8. Saslis-Lagoudakis, C.H., Bruun-Lund, S., Iwanycki, N.E., Seberg, O. and others (2015) 'Identification of common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.; Equisetaceae) using Thin Layer Chromatography versus DNA barcoding', Scientific Reports, 5, pp. 11942. doi:10.1038/srep11942 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11942
  9. Mimica-Dukic, N., Simin, N., Cvejic, J., Jovin, E. and others (2008) 'Phenolic compounds in field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) as natural antioxidants', Molecules, 13(7), pp. 1455-1464. doi:10.3390/molecules13071455 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13071455
  10. Tufarelli, V., Baghban-Kanani, P., Azimi-Youvalari, S., Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad, B. and others (2021) 'Effects of Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) and Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) Dietary Supplementation on Laying Hens Productivity and Oxidative Status', Animals, 11(2), pp. 335. doi:10.3390/ani11020335 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020335
  11. Carneiro, D.M., Marques, L.C., Velasques, L.O. et al (2016) 'Randomized, double-blind clinical trial to assess the acute diuretic effect of Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail) in healthy volunteers'. doi:10.1155/2014/760683 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/760683
  12. European Medicines Agency (2016) 'European Union herbal monograph on Equisetum arvense L., herba'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-equisetum-arvense-l-herba_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-equisetum-arvense-l-herba_en.pdf
  13. http://LatvijasDaba.lv (n.d.) 'tīruma kosa – Equisetum arvense L'. Available at: http://LatvijasDaba.lv Traditional / reference
    http://LatvijasDaba.lv
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Equisetum arvense L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:17003330-1 Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:17003330-1
  15. Sandhu, N.S., Kaur, S. and Chopra, D (2010) 'Equisetum arvense: pharmacology and phytochemistry — a review', 3(3), pp. 146--150. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Equisetum%20arvense%3A%20pharmacology%20and%20phytochemistry%20%E2%80%94%20a%20review
  16. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  17. NatureSpot 'Marsh Horsetail - Equisetum palustre'. Available at: https://www.naturespot.org/species/marsh-horsetail Traditional / reference
    https://www.naturespot.org/species/marsh-horsetail
  18. Muller, J. and Puttich, P.M. and Beuerle, T (2020) 'Variation of the Main Alkaloid Content in Equisetum palustre L. in the Light of Its Ontogeny', Toxins, 12(11), pp. 710. doi:10.3390/toxins12110710 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110710
  19. Ibi, A. and Du, M. and Beuerle, T. and Melchert, D. and Solnier, J. and Chang, C (2022) 'A Multi-Pronged Technique for Identifying Equisetum palustre and Equisetum arvense - Combining HPTLC, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Optimized DNA Barcoding Techniques', Plants, 11(19), pp. 2562. doi:10.3390/plants11192562 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192562
  1. Gampe, N. and Darcsi, A. and Nagyne Nedves, A. and Boldizsar, I. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2019) 'Phytochemical analysis of Ononis arvensis L. by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry', Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 54(2), pp. 121-133. doi:10.1002/jms.4308 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4308
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.