Plant Comparison
Field Horsetail vs Field restharrow
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Field Horsetail and Field restharrow: they share 8 indicated uses (cancer (anticancer research), infection (general), inflammation (general), …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Field Horsetail | Field restharrow | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Infection (general) | 5/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field Horsetail |
| Inflammation (general) | 5/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field Horsetail |
| Skin irritation | 5/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field Horsetail |
| Swelling / fluid retention | 5/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary support | 5/10 | 9/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 5/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field Horsetail |
| Wounds | 5/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Field Horsetail |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Field horsetail is exceptionally rich in silica, concentrated in the stem, and is a signature source of this mineral in Western herbal medicine.
Antioxidant flavonoids contributing to the plant's anti-inflammatory activity.
An enzyme that degrades vitamin B1 (thiamine); the basis of the caution against prolonged or excessive use.
Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.
alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.
Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).
A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.
Pharmacological Actions
Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.
Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).
Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).
Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).
Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).
Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-rheumatic action
inferred from anticancer action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from diuretic action
inferred from anticancer action
Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.
Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.
inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use
inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action
inferred from antimicrobial action
Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.
inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Field horsetail contains thiaminase, an enzyme that degrades thiamine (vitamin B1); prolonged or excessive use can cause thiamine deficiency — symptoms include neurological problems and weight loss. This risk is greatest with repeated large doses or prolonged use. The plant also contains nicotine at low levels and silica compounds. Not recommended for children or during pregnancy and breastfeeding. People with impaired kidney function should avoid use, as diuretic effects may worsen fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Caution with concurrent diuretic medications. The EMA herbal monograph recognises traditional use at appropriate short-term doses in adults only (European Medicines Agency, 2016; Sandhu et al., 2010).
Duke (2002) rates horsetail as + (moderate caution) and notes clinical evidence (score 2) for its diuretic and wound-healing (vulnerary) activities, consistent with Commission E approval. High silica content may strengthen connective tissue, hair, and nails. Dose: 6 g dried herb daily as tea or in capsules. Horsetail contains thiaminase (breaks down vitamin B1) and an unidentified neurotoxin — it should not be taken long-term or in large quantities. Not for use in patients with edema due to cardiac or renal insufficiency, and avoid in children under 12 (Duke, 2002).
A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.
Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Perennial, spore-bearing (non-flowering) plant with two distinct stem types arising from a deep, black, jointed rhizome. In early spring, unbranched, pale brownish fertile stems appear first, each topped with a spore-bearing cone, and die back once spores are shed; these are followed by the familiar green, hollow, jointed, ridged sterile stems bearing whorls of thin, needle-like branches at each node, giving a bottlebrush appearance.
A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]
Habitat
Grows in damp grassland, waste ground, riverbanks, roadsides and disturbed soil on a wide range of soils; native and common across the temperate Northern Hemisphere (Europe, Asia, North America).
Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]
Harvesting
The green sterile stems are cut in summer, at their most vigorous, and dried quickly in a warm, shaded, airy place; careful identification against the more toxic marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre), which grows in similar damp ground, is essential before wild-harvesting.
The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]
Traditional Uses
Field horsetail has a long European folk history as a diuretic remedy for urinary gravel and mild fluid retention, as an astringent, anti-inflammatory and vulnerary herb for wounds and connective-tissue support, and, owing to its very high silica content, as a traditional tonic for hair, nails and skin.[11]
Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]
Preparations
Dried sterile stem simmered or infused in hot water as a traditional diuretic and connective-tissue-support tea.
The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.
The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.
A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.
Dosage
The EU herbal monograph gives a single dose of 1-4 g of the comminuted herb in 150 mL of boiling water as an infusion or decoction (5-15 minutes), 3-4 times daily, for a daily dose of 3-12 g, in adolescents, adults and elderly; traditionally used over a period of 2 to 4 weeks. For cutaneous use, 10 g in 1 L of water as a decoction for impregnated dressings and irrigation. Not recommended under 12 years. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Not documented
References
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
Synonyms
Not documented
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Pairings
Not documented
Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]
Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]
Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]
References & Sources
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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112541 - Dragos, D., Gilca, M., Gaman, L., Vlad, A., Iosif, L. et al (2017) 'Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders', Nutrients, 9(1), pp. 70. doi:10.3390/nu9010070 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010070 - Grundemann, C., Lengen, K., Sauer, B., Garcia-Kaufer, M. and others (2014) 'Equisetum arvense (common horsetail) modulates the function of inflammatory immunocompetent cells', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, pp. 283. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-283 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-283 - Wang, L., Zhang, L., Zheng, G. and Luo, H (2021) 'Equisetum arvense L aqueous extract: a novel chemotherapeutic supplement for treatment of human colon carcinoma', Archives of Medical Science, 19(5), pp. 1472-1478. doi:10.5114/aoms/138146 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834e7ff0 - Maeda, H., Miyamoto, K. and Sano, T (1997) 'Occurrence of dermatitis in rats fed a cholesterol diet containing field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.)', Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 43(5), pp. 553-563. doi:10.3177/jnsv.43.553 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.43.553 - Saslis-Lagoudakis, C.H., Bruun-Lund, S., Iwanycki, N.E., Seberg, O. and others (2015) 'Identification of common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.; Equisetaceae) using Thin Layer Chromatography versus DNA barcoding', Scientific Reports, 5, pp. 11942. doi:10.1038/srep11942 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11942 - Mimica-Dukic, N., Simin, N., Cvejic, J., Jovin, E. and others (2008) 'Phenolic compounds in field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) as natural antioxidants', Molecules, 13(7), pp. 1455-1464. doi:10.3390/molecules13071455 Preclinical
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https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-equisetum-arvense-l-herba_en.pdf - http://LatvijasDaba.lv (n.d.) 'tīruma kosa – Equisetum arvense L'. Available at: http://LatvijasDaba.lv Traditional / reference
http://LatvijasDaba.lv - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Equisetum arvense L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:17003330-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:17003330-1 - Sandhu, N.S., Kaur, S. and Chopra, D (2010) 'Equisetum arvense: pharmacology and phytochemistry — a review', 3(3), pp. 146--150. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Equisetum%20arvense%3A%20pharmacology%20and%20phytochemistry%20%E2%80%94%20a%20review - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - NatureSpot 'Marsh Horsetail - Equisetum palustre'. Available at: https://www.naturespot.org/species/marsh-horsetail Traditional / reference
https://www.naturespot.org/species/marsh-horsetail - Muller, J. and Puttich, P.M. and Beuerle, T (2020) 'Variation of the Main Alkaloid Content in Equisetum palustre L. in the Light of Its Ontogeny', Toxins, 12(11), pp. 710. doi:10.3390/toxins12110710 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.3390/app16136289 - Gallo, G. and Cicione, A. and Nacchia, A. and Lombardo, R. and Riolo, S. and Guercio, A. and Fiasconaro, D. and Nunzio, C.D (2026) 'A randomized controlled trial comparing alpha-blocker (tamsulosin) and a phyto-complex (Solidago virga-aurea, Phyllantus niruri, Epilobium angustifolium, Peumus boldus and Ononis spinosa) in the treatment of ureteral stent-related symptoms', Urologia Journal. doi:10.1177/03915603261454171 Randomized trial
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https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2024-12-02 - Mauro, E.D. and Saldutto, P. and Rocca, R.L. and Sangiorgi, G. and Patelli, G. and Barone, B. and Verratti, V. and Castellucci, R. and Napolitano, L. and Iacono, F. and Altieri, V (2024) 'Efficacy and Safety of Boldine Combined with Phyllanthus niruri and Ononis spinosa in Medical Expulsive Therapy for Distal Ureteral Stones with Renal Colic: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study', Medicina. doi:10.3390/medicina60091455 Clinical study
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https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2022.3.20 - Zarga, M.H.A. and Al‐Jaber, H.I. and Al‐Qudah, M.A. and Al-Aboudi, A.M (2021) 'A new cyclic polyketide and other constituents from Ononis spinosa growing wildly in Jordan and their antioxidant activity', Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. doi:10.1080/10286020.2021.1914597 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2021.1914597 - Abbas, M.A. and Jaffal, S.M (2019) 'ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTION OF ONONIS SPINOSA LEAF EXTRACT IN MOUSE PAIN MODELS', Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research. doi:10.32383/appdr/99291 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/99291 - (2009) 'Radical scavenger and Antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions from Bulgarian Ononis spinosa L. and GC-MS analysis of Ethanol extract', The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine. doi:10.5580/121d Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2024-05-01 - Gampe, N. and Dávid, D.N. and Takács‐Novák, K. and Backlund, A. and Béni, S (2022) 'In vitro and in silico evaluation of Ononis isoflavonoids as molecules targeting the central nervous system', PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265639 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265639 - Pauli, G.F (2000) 'Comprehensive Spectroscopic Investigation of α-Onocerin', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-2000-14895 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-14895 - Köster, J. and Strack, D. and Barz, W (1983) 'High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Isoflavones and Structural Elucidation of Isoflavone 7-O-glucoside 6″-malonates from Cicer arietinum', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-2007-969907 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969907 - Spiegler, V. and Michalak, B. and Addotey, J.N. and Saenger, T. and Jose, J. and Kiss, A.K. and Hensel, A (2019) 'Root extracts from Ononis spinosa exert anti-inflammatory activity in vitro on IL-8 and TNF-α release by inhibition of TLR-4 receptor', Planta Medica. doi:10.1055/s-0039-3399691 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399691 - Çoban, T. and Çitoğlu, G.S. and Yılmaz, B.S. and İşcan, M (2003) 'Antioxidant Activities of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine in Turkey', Pharmaceutical Biology. doi:10.1080/13880200390501974 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200390501974 - Obiștioiu, D. and Cocan, I. and Tîrziu, E. and Herman, V. and Negrea, M. and Ban-Cucerzan, A. and Neacşu, A. and Cozma, A. and Nichita, I. and Hulea, A. and Radulov, I. and Alexa, E (2021) 'Phytochemical Profile and Microbiological Activity of Some Plants Belonging to the Fabaceae Family', Antibiotics. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10060662 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060662 - Orlando, G. and Chiavaroli, A. and Ferrante, C. and Recinella, L. and Leone, S. and Brunetti, L. and Simone, S.C.D. and Menghini, L. and Petrucci, M. and Zengin, G. and Cesaroni, F. and Pontarelli, G. and Cindolo, L. and Neri, F (2021) 'Protective effects induced by the food supplement Fluxonorm® in the lower urinary tract', PubMed. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202104_25562 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202104_25562
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.