Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Wild carrot vs Field restharrow
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Wild carrot and Field restharrow: they share 8 indicated uses (cancer (anticancer research), kidney support, urinary support, …); 9 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Wild carrot | Field restharrow | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 7/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Wild carrot |
| Kidney support | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary support | 7/10 | 9/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 7/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Wild carrot |
| Swelling / fluid retention | 7/10 | 7/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Wounds | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Inflammation (general) | 8/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Wild carrot |
| Infection (general) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Seed oil dominated by the sesquiterpene alcohol carotol (often >75%), with alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-caryophyllene, geranyl acetate and daucol; gives the aromatic, carminative and antimicrobial character.
Beta-carotene and other carotenoids, especially abundant in the root; carrot is the main dietary source of provitamin A.
C17-polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol) with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial activity.
Antioxidant flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin, quercetin and kaempferol, and phenolic acids such as chlorogenic and caffeic acid.
Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.
alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.
Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).
A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.
Pharmacological Actions
Classic diuretic and antilithic (stone-clearing) use; supported by antiurolithic activity in animal models.
Root extract protective and curative in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and against cisplatin nephrotoxicity (preclinical).
Antisecretory, antacid and antiulcer activity; enhances the antiulcer effect of pantoprazole (preclinical).
Seed essential oil inhibits food-borne Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Falcarinol-type polyacetylenes.
Falcarinol-type polyacetylenes and other constituents show anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activity in vitro and in vivo (preclinical).
Carrot insoluble dietary fibre improved glucose tolerance in animal models (preclinical).
Insoluble dietary fibre reduced the post-load rise in blood lipids (preclinical).
Carrot seed oil bioactives promote wound healing (preclinical).
Aromatic bitter carminative for flatulent digestion (traditional).
Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.
Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).
Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).
Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).
Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).
Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anticancer action
Nephroprotective and antiurolithic activity in animal models.
Traditional diuretic for urinary gravel and cystitis; antiurolithic activity.
inferred from diuretic / urinary-antiseptic traditional use
inferred from diuretic action
Carrot seed oil promotes wound healing (preclinical).
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from antidiabetic action (insoluble dietary fibre)
inferred from lipid-lowering action (insoluble dietary fibre)
inferred from anticancer action
Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.
Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.
inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use
inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action
inferred from antimicrobial action
Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.
inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Wild carrot SEED has estrogenic and anti-implantation (pregnancy-interceptory) activity and a long reputation as an emmenagogue and folk contraceptive; medicinal doses of the seed should be avoided in pregnancy and when trying to conceive.
Like other Apiaceae, wild carrot contains furanocoumarins that can cause photosensitivity; skin contact with the sap plus sun exposure may cause phytophotodermatitis. Avoid excessive sun or UV exposure when using the herb medicinally.
Excessive intake of carrot or carotene can cause a harmless, reversible yellow-orange discolouration of the skin (carotenodermia).
CRITICAL foraging hazard: wild carrot grows among, and closely resembles, several deadly poisonous Apiaceae - poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), fool's parsley (Aethusa cynapium), hemlock water-dropwort (Oenanthe crocata) and water hemlock (Cicuta virosa). Never gather wild carrot for use unless every look-alike has been positively excluded. Wild carrot has solid, ridged, bristly-HAIRY stems, a carrot smell, three-forked bracts beneath the umbel and usually a single dark central floret; the deadly hemlocks have smooth, hairless stems (often purple-blotched) and an unpleasant smell.
A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.
Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).
External Ids
Synonyms
Botanical Description
Erect biennial herb of the carrot family, 30-100 cm tall, growing from a slender, whitish, aromatic taproot. The leaves are 2-3-pinnate, finely divided and feathery, and smell distinctly of carrot when crushed. Tiny white flowers are borne in a flat or slightly domed compound umbel, classically with a single dark purple-red floret at the very centre; a ruff of long, three-forked (feathery) bracts sits beneath the umbel. As the seed ripens the umbel curls inward into a concave 'bird's nest'. The stems are solid, ridged and roughly hairy (bristly).[1]
A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]
Habitat
Dry grassland, meadows, roadsides, field margins and waste ground on well-drained, often chalky (calcareous) soils. Native to Europe, south-west Asia and North Africa and widely naturalised across temperate North America, Australia and elsewhere. The cultivated carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) was domesticated from this wild stock.[1]
Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]
Harvesting
The ripe fruits (seeds) are collected from the drying umbels in late summer to autumn; the aromatic seed is the part richest in essential oil. The taproot is dug in the first-year rosette stage, before the plant flowers, when it is still tender; aerial parts are gathered while in flower. Only ever harvest where the plant can be identified with certainty against its deadly Apiaceae look-alikes.[1, 14]
The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]
Traditional Uses
Wild carrot has a long folk-medicinal history as a diuretic and urinary remedy for gravel, stones, cystitis and gout, and as a carminative aromatic bitter for flatulent indigestion. The seed is the classic part used and carries a well-documented traditional reputation as an emmenagogue and folk contraceptive ('Queen Anne's Lace seed'); experimental work confirms estrogenic and anti-implantation (pregnancy-interceptory) activity, which is also why the seed is avoided in pregnancy. The root is nutritive and rich in carotene, and the plant has been applied to wounds and inflamed skin.[1, 17]
Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]
Preparations
Dried seed or aerial parts (herb) infused in hot water as a diuretic and carminative tea - the traditional way of taking wild carrot for urinary and digestive complaints.
The bruised aromatic seed steeped or briefly simmered; the seed is the part richest in essential oil and is the classic diuretic and emmenagogue preparation.
Crushed leaf or grated root applied externally to wounds and inflamed skin, reflecting the traditional vulnerary use; carrot seed oil bioactives promote wound healing in animal studies.
The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.
The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.
A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.
References
Drug Class Interactions
Pairings
Both are Apiaceae diuretics traditionally combined for urinary and 'gravel' complaints; complementary diuretic and urinary-support action.[1]
Aromatic Apiaceae seeds traditionally paired as carminative and diuretic digestive teas.[1]
Classic diuretic pairing for fluid retention and urinary support; both increase urine flow.[1]
Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]
Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]
Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
- Ismail, J. and Shebaby, W.N. and Daher, J. and Boulos, J.C. and Taleb, R. and Daher, C.F. and Mroueh, M (2023) 'The Wild Carrot (Daucus carota): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review', Plants (Basel), 13(1), pp. 93. doi:10.3390/plants13010093 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13010093 - Simpson, K. and Cerda, A. and Stange, C (2016) 'Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Daucus carota', Subcellular Biochemistry, 79, pp. 199-217. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_7 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_7 - Dawid, C. and Dunemann, F. and Schwab, W. and Nothnagel, T. and Hofmann, T (2015) 'Bioactive C17-Polyacetylenes in Carrots (Daucus carota L.): Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(42), pp. 9211-9222. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04357 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04357 - Mandrich, L. and Esposito, A.V. and Costa, S. and Caputo, E (2023) 'Chemical Composition, Functional and Anticancer Properties of Carrot', Molecules, 28(20), pp. 7161. doi:10.3390/molecules28207161 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207161 - Bawari, S. and Sah, A.N. and Tewari, D (2020) 'Anticalcifying effect of Daucus carota in experimental urolithiasis in Wistar rats', Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 11(3), pp. 308-315. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2018.12.003 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2018.12.003 - Afzal, M. and Kazmi, I. and Kaur, R. and Ahmad, A. and Pravez, M. and Anwar, F (2013) 'Comparison of protective and curative potential of Daucus carota root extract on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats', Pharmaceutical Biology, 51(7), pp. 856-862. doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.767840 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.767840 - Iqbal, M.O. and Sial, A.S. and Akhtar, I. and Naeem, M. and Hazafa, A. and Ansari, R.A. and Rizvi, S.A.A (2021) 'The nephroprotective effects of Daucus carota and Eclipta prostrata against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats', Bioengineered, 12(2), pp. 12702-12721. doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.2009977 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.2009977 - Shebaby, W.N. and Daher, C.F. and El-Sibai, M. and Bodman-Smith, K. and Mansour, A. and Karam, M.C. and Mroueh, M (2015) 'Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the oil fractions from wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp. carota)', Pharmaceutical Biology, 53(9), pp. 1285-1294. doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.976349 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.976349 - Chandra, P. and Kishore, K. and Ghosh, A.K (2015) 'Assessment of Antisecretory, Gastroprotective, and In-vitro Antacid Potential of Daucus carota in Experimental Rats', Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 6(6), pp. 329-335. doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.006 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.006 - Asdaq, S.M.B. and Swathi, E. and Dhamanigi, S.S. and Asad, M. and Ali Mohzari, Y. and Alrashed, A.A. and Alotaibi, A.S. and Mohammed Alhassan, B. and Nagaraja, S (2020) 'Role of Daucus carota in Enhancing Antiulcer Profile of Pantoprazole in Experimental Animals', Molecules, 25(22), pp. 5287. doi:10.3390/molecules25225287 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225287 - Venkatesan, K. and Asseri, K.A. and Muralidharan, P. and Sirag, N. and Ahmed, R. and Elfadil, H. and Elodemi, M. and Genena, S.E.R. and Sivadasan, D. and Velraj, M. and Paulsamy, P. and Vadivel, V. and Prabahar, K. and Krishnaraju, K (2025) 'Wound-Healing Efficacy of Daucus carota Bioactive Compounds: Targeting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis', Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 18(12), pp. 1905. doi:10.3390/ph18121905 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1039/d1fo00521a - Ali, A. and Radwan, M.M. and Wanas, A.S. and Khan, I.A (2018) 'Repellent Activity of Carrot Seed Essential Oil and Its Pure Compound, Carotol, Against Mosquitoes', Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 34(4), pp. 272-280. doi:10.2987/18-6751.1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2987/18-6751.1 - Gaglio, R. and Barbera, M. and Aleo, A. and Lommatzsch, I. and La Mantia, T. and Settanni, L (2017) 'Inhibitory Activity and Chemical Characterization of Daucus carota subsp. maximus Essential Oils', Chemistry and Biodiversity, 14(5). doi:10.1002/cbdv.201600477 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600477 - Vijayalakshmi, A.M (2008) 'Carotenodermia', Indian Pediatrics, 45(1), pp. 61. Clinical study
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Carotenodermia - Sharma, M.M. and Lal, G. and Jacob, D (1976) 'Estrogenic and pregnancy interceptory effects of carrot Daucus carota seeds', Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 14(4), pp. 506-508. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Estrogenic%20and%20pregnancy%20interceptory%20effects%20of%20carrot%20Daucus%20carota%20seeds - Dayan, A.D (2024) 'Death of Socrates: a likely case of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning', Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 62(1), pp. 56-60. doi:10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2024.2309328 - King County Noxious Weeds (2024) 'Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) identification and control'. Available at: https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock Traditional / reference
https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dnrp/nature-recreation/environment-ecology-conservation/noxious-weeds/identification-control/poison-hemlock - Teuscher, E. and Greger, H. and Adrian, V (1990) 'Toxicity of Aethusa cynapium L. (fool's parsley)', Pharmazie, 45(7), pp. 537-8. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2236201/ Preclinical
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2236201/ - Minnesota Wildflowers (2024) 'Aethusa cynapium (Fool's Parsley)'. Available at: https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley Traditional / reference
https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/fools-parsley - Mitchell, M.I. and Routledge, P.A (1978) 'Hemlock water dropwort poisoning - a review', Clinical Toxicology, 12(4), pp. 417-26. doi:10.3109/15563657809150012 Clinical study
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- Gampe, N. and Darcsi, A. and Nagyne Nedves, A. and Boldizsar, I. and Kursinszki, L. and Beni, S (2019) 'Phytochemical analysis of Ononis arvensis L. by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry', Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 54(2), pp. 121-133. doi:10.1002/jms.4308 Preclinical
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Capillary%20electrophoretic%20analysis%20of%20hydroxycinnamic%20acids%20from%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L. - Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1982) 'Pharmacognosy study of Ononis arvensis L. II. Flavonoids and onocerin in the drug', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 31(1), pp. 24-26. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pharmacognosy%20study%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20II.%20Flavonoids%20and%20onocerin%20in%20the%20drug - Rezacova, A. and Spilkova, J. and Hubik, J (1978) 'A pharmacognostic study of the species Ononis arvensis L', Ceskoslovenska Farmacie, 27(10), pp. 452-455. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20pharmacognostic%20study%20of%20the%20species%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L. - Felsberg, A.A. and Rosentsveig, P.E (1965) 'A comparative phytochemical study of the roots of Ononis arvensis L. and Ononis spinosa L', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(6), pp. 26-32. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20comparative%20phytochemical%20study%20of%20the%20roots%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L. - Sichinava, M.B. and Mchelidze, K.Z. and Churadze, M.V. and Alaniia, M.D. and Aneli, D.N (2014) 'Chemical composition and microstructural peculiarities of overground and underground vegetative organs of field restharrow (Ononis arvensis L.)', Georgian Medical News, (231), pp. 88-94. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chemical%20composition%20and%20microstructural%20peculiarities%20of%20overground%20and%20underground%20vegetative%20organs%20of%20field%20restharrow%20%28Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%29 - Dedio, I. and Kozlowski, J (1977) 'Comparative morphological and phytochemical studies of Ononis spinosa L. and Ononis arvensis L. I. Biometric and chromatographic studies of methanolic extracts', Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 34(1), pp. 97-102. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Comparative%20morphological%20and%20phytochemical%20studies%20of%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.%20and%20Ononis%20arvensis%20L.%20I.%20Biometric%20and%20chromatographic%20studies%20of%20methanolic%20extracts - Felsberg, A.A. and Rozentsveig, P.E (1965) 'Photochemical examination of Ononis arvensis. I', Aptechnoe Delo, 14(3), pp. 25-27. Preclinical
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Photochemical%20examination%20of%20Ononis%20arvensis.%20I - Nechita, V. and Tarau, A. and Suster, A. and Nechita, M. and Toiu, A. and Benedec, D. and Hanganu, D. and Siserman, C. and Drugan, C. and Oniga, I (2026) 'Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Ononis spinosa: A Comprehensive Review', Plants (Basel), 15(9), pp. 1409. doi:10.3390/plants15091409 Meta-analysis / review
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https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1089-8645 - Ergene Oz, B. and Saltan Iscan, G. and Kupeli Akkol, E. and Suntar, I. and Bahadir Acikara, O (2017) 'Isoflavonoids as wound healing agents from Ononidis Radix', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, pp. 384-393. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.029 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.029 - Arnold, E. and Benz, T. and Zapp, C. and Wink, M (2015) 'Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha) by Medicinal Plants in Relation to Their Phenolic Content', Molecules, 20(8), pp. 15033-15048. doi:10.3390/molecules200815033 Preclinical
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Efficacy%20of%20extract%20from%20Ononis%20spinosa%20L.%20on%20ethanol-induced%20gastric%20mucosal%20injury%20in%20rats - Addotey, J.N. and Lengers, I. and Jose, J. and Gampe, N. and Beni, S. and Petereit, F. and Hensel, A (2018) 'Isoflavonoids with inhibiting effects on human hyaluronidase-1 and norneolignan clitorienolactone B from Ononis spinosa L. root extract', Fitoterapia, 130, pp. 169-174. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.013 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.013 - Stojković, D. and Drakulić, D. and Gašić, U. and Zengin, G. and Stevanović, M. and Rajčević, N. and Sokóvić, M (2020) 'Ononis spinosa L., an edible and medicinal plant: UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap/MS chemical profiling and biological activities of the herbal extract', Food & Function. doi:10.1039/d0fo01595d Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1021/np9605652 - Mladenova, S.G. and Savova, M.S. and Marchev, A.S. and Ferrante, C. and Orlando, G. and Wabitsch, M. and Georgiev, M.I (2022) 'Anti-adipogenic activity of maackiain and ononin is mediated via inhibition of PPARγ in human adipocytes', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112908 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4(1)-14-19 - Paździora, W. and Grabowska, K. and Paśko, P. and Prochownik, E. and Podolak, I. and Galanty, A (2026) 'Multifaceted Evaluation of Isoflavone-Rich Fabaceae Species in Prostate Cancer In Vitro Models', Applied Sciences. doi:10.3390/app16136289 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2021.1914597 - Abbas, M.A. and Jaffal, S.M (2019) 'ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTION OF ONONIS SPINOSA LEAF EXTRACT IN MOUSE PAIN MODELS', Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research. doi:10.32383/appdr/99291 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202104_25562
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.