Plant Comparison

Cordyceps vs Purple coneflower

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ACordycepsCordyceps militarisCordycipitaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BPurple coneflowerEchinacea purpureaAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Cordyceps and Purple coneflower: they share 5 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cold & flu, immune support, …); 2 pharmacological actions in common.

CordycepsPurple coneflower

Constituents33

Pharmacological actions43

Indicated uses87

Safety notes22

Cited sources2119

Indicated uses

Only Cordyceps

Fatigue / low energyMuscle sorenessRespiratory support

Shared (5)

Arthritis / joint painCold & fluImmune supportInflammation (general)Skin irritation

Only Purple coneflower

Infection (general)Wounds

Pharmacological actions

Only Cordyceps

AntioxidantPhysical performance / ergogenic

Shared (2)

Anti-inflammatoryImmunomodulator / immune support

Only Purple coneflower

Antimicrobial

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Cordyceps	Purple coneflower	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Cordyceps
Cold & flu	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Cordyceps
Immune support	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Cordyceps
Inflammation (general)	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Cordyceps
Skin irritation	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Cordyceps

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine)^[1]

A nucleoside analogue considered the marker bioactive compound, studied for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and metabolic effects.

Polysaccharides^[4]

Immunomodulatory and antioxidant polysaccharides, a major focus of both oral and topical product development.

Polysaccharides

Ergosterol and adenosine

Additional characteristic fungal sterol and nucleoside constituents.

Alkamides^[4]

Lipophilic alkamides are considered key immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory constituents, particularly concentrated in the root.

Caffeic acid derivatives (echinacoside, cichoric acid)^[4]

Antioxidant phenolic compounds contributing to the plant's immunomodulatory activity.

Caffeic acidPhenolic acids

Polysaccharides^[4]

Water-soluble polysaccharides associated with immune-stimulating activity, particularly from the aerial parts.

Polysaccharides

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[12, 15, 16]}

Antioxidant^{[4, 7, 15, 16]}

Physical performance / ergogenic^{[15, 16]}

Physical performance / strength improvement

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[4, 11, 15, 16, 17]}

Antimicrobial^{[7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17]}

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cold & flu^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 5

Label: Cold & flu

Fatigue / low energy^{[15, 16, 17]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from ergogenic action

Evidence: 6

Label: Fatigue / low energy

Immune support^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 5/10

Evidence: 5

Label: Immune support

Inflammation (general)^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Muscle soreness^{[15, 16, 17]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from ergogenic action

Evidence: 6

Label: Muscle soreness

Respiratory support^{[15, 16, 17]}Moderate · 6/10

Evidence: 6

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[15, 16]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Arthritis / joint pain^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cold & flu^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 1

Label: Cold & flu

Immune support^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Immune support

Infection (general)^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Skin irritation^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17]}Caution

Generally well tolerated short-term in human studies, but research is still limited (Ontawong et al., 2024; Hirsch et al., 2016). Possible side effects: stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, headache (reported broadly for “Cordyceps” supplements; not everyone gets this) (Jędrejko, Lazur and Muszyńska, 2021). Avoid / use medical guidance if you have: autoimmune disease, you’re on immunosuppressants, you have a bleeding disorder, or you take blood thinners/antiplatelet drugs (theoretical interaction + caution used in reviews) (Jędrejko, Lazur and Muszyńska, 2021). Pregnancy/lactation: not enough safety data → best to avoid (Jędrejko, Lazur and Muszyńska, 2021). Quality matters: choose reputable brands with testing for contaminants and clear labeling (fruiting body vs mycelium; extract ratio) (Jędrejko et al., 2022).

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17, 18]}Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17]}Caution

Generally considered safe, but caution advised for those with autoimmune conditions. Not recommended for long-term use (more than 8 weeks continuously).

Safety note^{[15, 16, 17, 18]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates echinacea as +++ — among the most thoroughly documented herbal immunostimulants. It notes experimental and clinical evidence for immunostimulant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Multiple species have been studied (E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, E. pallida), and Duke emphasizes that species identification in commercial products is often unreliable. Commission E approves E. purpurea for supporting immune function during colds and flu. Dose: 900 mg standardized extract daily in acute use; use should be limited to 8 weeks continuous. Contraindicated in autoimmune diseases (MS, lupus, HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis, and with immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine) (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 7567077

Wikidata: Q2118699

Gbif: 3150935

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1174497-2

Wikidata: Q272661

Botanical Description

Entomopathogenic fungus (not a true plant) that develops from a mycelium infecting and consuming an insect host - classically a moth caterpillar or pupa buried in the soil. In late season it produces a slender, bright orange, club-shaped fruiting body (stroma) that emerges from the ground above the mummified host, its surface minutely roughened with embedded spore-producing structures.^[4]

Height: Fruiting body 2-8 cm

Habit: Entomopathogenic fungus, fruiting body emerging from a buried insect host

Leaves: Not applicable (fungus)

Flowers: Not applicable (fungus)

Stem: Slender, bright orange, club-shaped fruiting body (stroma)

Root: Anchored to the mummified insect host below ground

Fruit: Minutely roughened fertile head bearing embedded perithecia (spore-producing structures)

Flowering Period: Fruiting body typically appears in autumn

Robust perennial herb with a basal rosette of coarse, hairy, lance-shaped leaves and tall, sturdy flowering stems. Each stem bears a single large, daisy-like flower head with drooping (reflexed), rose-purple to pink ray florets surrounding a prominent, spiny, orange-brown central cone of disc florets.^[4]

Height: 60-150 cm

Habit: Robust, clump-forming perennial herb

Leaves: Coarse, hairy, lance-shaped, in a basal rosette

Flowers: Large daisy-like heads with drooping rose-purple ray florets around a spiny orange-brown cone

Stem: Tall, sturdy, hairy, mostly unbranched

Root: Thick, fibrous, black-brown taproot

Fruit: Small four-angled achene

Flowering Period: June-September

Habitat

Grows on insect larvae and pupae in cool, moist forest soils and grassland across temperate and alpine East Asia; commercially, most Cordyceps militaris is now cultivated on grain or insect-based substrate rather than wild-collected.^[4]

Native to the tallgrass prairies, open woodland and dry meadows of central and eastern North America; widely cultivated worldwide as a garden and medicinal plant.^[4]

Harvesting

Wild fruiting bodies are dug up carefully with the insect host attached, in autumn when they emerge; cultivated material is harvested from the growing substrate once the orange fruiting bodies mature, then dried.

Parts: Whole Plant

Season: Autumn (wild); at maturity under cultivation

The flower heads are picked as they open, in summer; the root is dug in autumn from plants at least two to three years old, when its content of bioactive alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives is highest, then cleaned and dried.^[4]

Parts: Flower, Root

Season: Flower in summer; root in autumn from mature plants

Traditional Uses

Cordyceps has a centuries-long reputation in Chinese and Tibetan traditional medicine as a tonic ('Dong Chong Xia Cao' - winter worm, summer grass) for vitality, stamina, respiratory and kidney support, and recovery from fatigue and illness, and remains a prized adaptogenic tonic today.^{[15, 16]}

Echinacea root was widely used by Native American peoples as a remedy for infections, wounds, snakebite and toothache, and entered nineteenth-century Eclectic medicine as a broad anti-infective. It remains best known today, in standardised aerial-part or root extracts, as a supportive remedy for preventing and shortening the common cold and supporting immune function.^{[1, 4]}

Preparations

Standardised extract^[4]

Cultivated fruiting-body extract, standardised to cordycepin or polysaccharide content, taken as capsules or powder.

Standardised extract^[1]

Fresh-pressed juice or standardised extract of the aerial parts or root, taken as tablets, drops or capsules at the first sign of a cold; the best-studied clinical form.

References

REF-0776, REF-0777, REF-0778, REF-2153, REF-2154, REF-2155, REF-2156, REF-2157, REF-2158, REF-2159, REF-2160, REF-2161, REF-2162, REF-2163

REF-0797, REF-0798, REF-0799, REF-2011, REF-2012, REF-2013, REF-2014, REF-2015, REF-2016, REF-2017, REF-2018, REF-2019, REF-2020, REF-2021

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note^{[19, 20, 21]}Fatal

Dangerous Plant: podostroma-cornu-damae

Confused Part: Bright orange-red club-shaped fruit bodies collected from the wild as a cordyceps tonic; the erect red antler-/club-like fruit bodies of poison fire coral resemble the orange clubs of Cordyceps.

Confusion Context: Cordyceps militaris produces small, bright orange, club-shaped fruit bodies and is prized as a health tonic in East Asia, where wild specimens are collected. Poison fire coral (Podostroma cornu-damae) is a deadly trichothecene-containing fungus whose erect red, antler- or coral-like clubs closely resemble Cordyceps. The Royal Society of Chemistry reports it has often been mistaken for Cordyceps sobolifera as well as two other edible mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps militaris, and forensic case reports document deaths from ingesting it (multiple organ failure, pancytopenia). Because it is confused specifically with cordyceps by foragers, this is a lethal look-alike.

Distinguishing Features: Substrate (decisive): true Cordyceps militaris grows OUT OF a buried insect - a mummified caterpillar or pupa - which you find if you dig at the base. Poison fire coral grows from soil or buried wood and roots, never from an insect host., Form: Cordyceps militaris is a small (about 2-8 cm) simple or sparingly branched orange club with a minutely roughened fertile head. Poison fire coral forms deeper blood-red, often branched antler- or coral-like clubs., Colour: Cordyceps militaris is orange to orange-red; poison fire coral is a brighter blood-red.

Key Test: Dig up the base. True Cordyceps militaris emerges from a buried insect (a caterpillar or pupa) - the mummified host is the proof. A red or orange club or antler arising from soil or wood with NO insect host, especially if branched and blood-red, may be poison fire coral (Podostroma cornu-damae), which can kill. If there is no insect host, do not consume it; confirm with an expert.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Not documented

Dosage

Not documented

Standardised extract^[1]

Clinical trials for the common cold commonly use around 300-900 mg of standardised extract daily, started at the first sign of symptoms and continued for up to 7-10 days; continuous use beyond about 8 weeks is not recommended. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^[19]Caution

Drug Class: immunosuppressants

Mechanism: Echinacea can both stimulate immune activity and alter CYP3A/CYP1A2 enzymes, so it may reduce the effect or change the blood levels of immunosuppressant drugs such as ciclosporin and tacrolimus; use only under medical supervision after a transplant or with autoimmune therapy.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

Lan, T., Yu, Y., Zhang, J., Li, H. et al (2021) 'Cordycepin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway', Hepatology, 74(2), pp. 686-703. doi:10.1002/hep.31749 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31749
Wei, P., Wang, K., Luo, C., Huang, Y. et al (2021) 'Cordycepin confers long-term neuroprotection via inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury', Journal of Neuroinflammation, 18(1), pp. 137. doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02188-x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02188-x
Tan, L., Song, X., Ren, Y., Wang, M. et al (2020) 'Anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin: A review', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.6890 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6890
Kanlayavattanakul, M. and Lourith, N (2023) 'Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides: preparation and topical product application', Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, 10(1), pp. 3. doi:10.1186/s40694-023-00150-5 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40694-023-00150-5
Yang, W., Fu, C., Hu, B., Yan, Y. and Cheng, Y (2024) 'Five undescribed cyclopeptides from Cordyceps militaris', Phytochemistry, 222, pp. 114074. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114074 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114074
Miao, M., Yu, W., Li, Y., Sun, Y. and Guo, S (2022) 'Structural elucidation and activities of Cordyceps militaris-derived polysaccharides: a review', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, pp. 898674. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.898674 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.898674
Jedrejko, K.J., Lazur, J. and Muszynska, B (2021) 'Cordyceps militaris: an overview of its chemical constituents in relation to biological activity', Foods, 10(11), pp. 2634. doi:10.3390/foods10112634 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112634
Malucka, L.U., Uhrinova, A. and Lysinova, P (2022) 'Medicinal mushrooms Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris', Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 71(6), pp. 259-265. doi:10.5817/csf2022-5-259 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.5817/csf2022-5-259
Sun, J., Jin, M., Zhou, W., Diao, S., Zhou, Y., Li, S., Wang, X., Pan, S., Jin, X. and Li, G (2017) 'A new ribonucleotide from Cordyceps militaris', Natural Product Research, 31(21), pp. 2537-2543. doi:10.1080/14786419.2017.1323210 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1323210
Choi, E., Oh, J. and Sung, G.H (2020) 'Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of Cordyceps militaris', Mycobiology, 48(3), pp. 228-232. doi:10.1080/12298093.2020.1763115 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1763115
Zhang, J., Wen, C., Duan, Y., Zhang, H. and Ma, H (2019) 'Advance in Cordyceps militaris (Linn) Link polysaccharides: isolation, structure, and bioactivities: a review', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, pp. 906-914. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.020 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.020
Chiu, C.P., Liu, S.C., Tang, C.H., Chan, Y., El-Shazly, M., Lee, C.L., Du, Y.C., Wu, T.Y., Chang, F.R. and Wu, Y.C (2016) 'Anti-inflammatory cerebrosides from cultivated Cordyceps militaris', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(7), pp. 1540-1548. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05931 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05931
Chamyuang, S., Owatworakit, A. and Honda, Y (2019) 'New insights into cordycepin production in Cordyceps militaris and applications', Annals of Translational Medicine, 7(Suppl 3), pp. S78. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.04.12 Meta-analysis / review
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Cui, J.D (2015) 'Biotechnological production and applications of Cordyceps militaris, a valued traditional Chinese medicine', Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 35(4), pp. 475-484. doi:10.3109/07388551.2014.900604 Meta-analysis / review
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org
Zhu, J.S., Halpern, G.M. and Jones, K (1998) 'The scientific rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis', 4(3), pp. 289--303. doi:10.1089/acm.1998.4.429 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.1998.4.429
Hirsch, K.R., Smith-Ryan, A.E., Roelofs, E.J., Trexler, E.T. and Mock, M.G (2017) 'Cordyceps militaris improves tolerance to high-intensity exercise after acute and chronic supplementation', 14(1), pp. 42--53. doi:10.1080/19390211.2016.1203386 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2016.1203386
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Chemistry World (Royal Society of Chemistry) 'Poisons leave no mushroom for error'. Available at: https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/poisons-leave-no-mushroom-for-error/4011376.article Traditional / reference
https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/poisons-leave-no-mushroom-for-error/4011376.article
Choe, S. and In, S. and Jeon, Y. and Choi, H. and Kim, S (2018) 'Identification of trichothecene-type mycotoxins in toxic mushroom Podostroma cornu-damae and biological specimens from a fatal case by LC-QTOF/MS', Forensic Science International, 291, pp. 234-244. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.043 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.043
Ahn, J.Y. and Seok, S.J. and Song, J.E. and Choi, J.H. and Han, S.H. and Choi, J.Y. and Kim, C.O. and Song, Y.G. and Kim, J.M (2013) 'Two cases of mushroom poisoning by Podostroma cornu-damae', Yonsei Medical Journal, 54(1), pp. 265-8. doi:10.3349/ymj.2013.54.1.265 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2013.54.1.265

Karsch-Völk, M., Barrett, B., Kiefer, D., Bauer, R. et al (2014) 'Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2(2), pp. CD000530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3
Kamin, W., Seifert, G., Zwiauer, K., Bonhoeffer, J. et al (2025) 'Phytotherapy for acute respiratory tract infections in children: a systematically conducted, comprehensive review', Frontiers in Pediatrics, 13, pp. 1423250. doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1423250 Meta-analysis / review
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Burlou-Nagy, C., Banica, F., Jurca, T., Vicas, L.G., Marian, E., Muresan, M.E., Bacskay, I., Kiss, R., Feher, P. and Pallag, A (2022) 'Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench: Biological and Pharmacological Properties. A Review', Plants, 11(9), pp. 1244. doi:10.3390/plants11091244 Meta-analysis / review
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Hall, H., Fahlman, M.M. and Engels, H.J (2007) 'Echinacea purpurea and mucosal immunity', International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(9), pp. 792-797. doi:10.1055/s-2007-964895 Randomized trial
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Micheli, L., Maggini, V., Ciampi, C., Gallo, E., Bogani, P., Fani, R., Pistelli, L., Ghelardini, C., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., De Leo, M. and Firenzuoli, F (2022) 'Echinacea purpurea against neuropathic pain: Alkamides versus polyphenols efficacy', Phytotherapy Research, 37(5), pp. 1911-1923. doi:10.1002/ptr.7709 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7709
Gholami, M., Amri, J., Pazhoohan, S. and Sadegh, M (2021) 'Anticonvulsive and anti-epileptogenesis effects of Echinacea purpurea root extract, an involvement of CB2 receptor', Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, 19(4), pp. 879-886. doi:10.1515/jcim-2020-0219 Preclinical
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Awortwe, C., Bruckmueller, H., Kaehler, M. and Cascorbi, I (2021) 'Interaction of Phytocompounds of Echinacea purpurea with ABCB1 and ABCG2 Efflux Transporters', Molecular Pharmaceutics, 18(4), pp. 1622-1633. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01075 Preclinical
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Perry, N.B., van Klink, J.W., Burgess, E.J. and Parmenter, G.A (1997) 'Alkamide levels in Echinacea purpurea: a rapid analytical method revealing differences among roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves and flowers', Planta Medica, 63(1), pp. 58-62. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957605 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957605
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Echinacea%20for%20preventing%20and%20treating%20the%20common%20cold
Sharma, M., Schoop, R., Suter, A. and Schoop, W (2010) 'The possibility of prophylactic treatment of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis with a standardized Echinacea preparation', 29(8), pp. 1025--1035. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20possibility%20of%20prophylactic%20treatment%20of%20streptococcal%20pharyngotonsillitis%20with%20a%20standardized%20Echinacea%20preparation
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WHO%20Monographs%20on%20Selected%20Medicinal%20Plants
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Gorski, J.C., Huang, S.M., Pinto, A., Hamman, M.A., Hilligoss, J.K., Zaheer, N.A., Desai, M., Miller, M. and Hall, S.D (2004) 'The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo', Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 75(1), pp. 89-100. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.013 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.013

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.