Plant Comparison

Cassia Cinnamon vs Bay Leaf

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ACassia CinnamonCinnamomum cassiaLauraceaeFull monograph →

Plant BBay LeafLaurus nobilisLauraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Cassia Cinnamon and Bay Leaf: both belong to the Lauraceae family; they share 2 indicated uses (bloating, indigestion).

Cassia CinnamonBay Leaf

Constituents32

Pharmacological actions38

Indicated uses615

Safety notes22

Cited sources1518

Indicated uses

Only Cassia Cinnamon

Blood sugar / diabetes supportCardiovascular / heart healthHigh cholesterolMetabolic support

Shared (2)

BloatingIndigestion

Only Bay Leaf

Arthritis / joint painBack painBruisingCancer (anticancer research)Cognitive functionHeadacheInfection (general)Inflammation (general)MemoryPain (general)Respiratory supportSkin irritationWounds

Pharmacological actions

Only Cassia Cinnamon

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)CarminativeLipid-lowering

Shared (0)

none

Only Bay Leaf

Analgesic (pain relief)Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntioxidantDigestive aidNeuroprotective / cognition supportVulnerary (wound healing)

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Cassia Cinnamon	Bay Leaf	Verdict
Bloating	7/10	1/10	Stronger for Cassia Cinnamon
Indigestion	7/10	1/10	Stronger for Cassia Cinnamon

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamic aldehyde)^[11]

The main volatile-oil constituent; associated with the insulin-sensitising effect.

Proanthocyanidins and other polyphenols^[11]

Antioxidant constituents of the bark.

ProanthocyanidinsPhenolic compounds

Coumarin^[11]

Present in much higher amounts in cassia than in Ceylon cinnamon (~2-5 mg/g); the key safety-limiting compound.

Coumarins

Essential oil (1,8-cineole, eugenol)^[11]

Leaf essential oil dominated by 1,8-cineole and eugenol, giving the characteristic aroma and much of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.

Essential (volatile) oil1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol)Eugenol

Sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids^[11]

Contribute to the plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Sesquiterpene lactonesFlavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)^{[2, 3, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]}

Lowers fasting blood glucose as an adjunct in type 2 diabetes (evidence is positive but mixed) - recent meta-analyses report reduced fasting glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR

Carminative^{[4, 6, 7, 8, 11]}

Warming carminative for indigestion (traditional)

Lipid-lowering^{[3, 11, 12, 14]}

Improves the lipid profile (lowers total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides)

Analgesic (pain relief)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Anti-inflammatory^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^[10]

Antimicrobial^{[2, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Antioxidant^{[2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Digestive aid^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Neuroprotective / cognition support^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Vulnerary (wound healing)^{[1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Bloating^[11]Good · 7/10

inferred from carminative action

Evidence: 7

Label: Bloating

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Strong · 9/10

Lowers fasting blood glucose as an adjunct in type 2 diabetes (evidence is positive but mixed) - recent meta-analyses report reduced fasting glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR

Evidence: 9

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cardiovascular / heart health^{[11, 12, 14]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from lipid-lowering action

Evidence: 9

Label: Cardiovascular / heart health

High cholesterol^{[11, 12, 14]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from lipid-lowering action

Evidence: 9

Label: High cholesterol

Indigestion^[11]Good · 7/10

Warming carminative for indigestion (traditional)

Evidence: 7

Label: Indigestion

Metabolic support^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Strong · 9/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 9

Label: Metabolic support

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Back pain^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Back pain

Bloating^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

Bruising^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bruising

Cancer (anticancer research)^[10]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cognitive function^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 1

Label: Cognitive function

Headache^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from analgesic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Headache

Indigestion^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Memory^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 1

Label: Memory

Pain (general)^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Pain (general)

Respiratory support^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

Evidence: 1

Label: Respiratory support

Skin irritation^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^[11]Info

Cassia is high in coumarin: regular high intake of cassia bark or supplements can stress or damage the liver. For frequent or medicinal use, prefer true Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and keep within safe daily limits.

Safety note^[12]Caution

Its blood-sugar-lowering action means it can add to the effect of diabetes medicines (risk of hypoglycaemia); avoid concentrated/medicinal doses in pregnancy (culinary amounts are fine).

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]}Caution

Generally safe when used in food amounts. Not toxic to people and safe to cook with. Leaves are very rigid and leathery - should be removed before eating as they don't soften with cooking and edges can be sharp. Insufficient reliable information about safety during pregnancy or breastfeeding - stick to food amounts. Large amounts of bay leaf tea may cause vomiting (emetic properties) and drowsiness (sedative properties). In high doses, bay laurel has cytotoxic activity. Some people may experience allergic contact dermatitis from bay laurel oil.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}Caution

Duke (2002) notes antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities for bay laurel, primarily at the experimental level. The essential oil contains eugenol and 1,8-cineole as principal bioactive components. Traditional dosages in European phytotherapy include 1–3 g of dried leaf as a tea. Caution is advised as the essential oil may cause allergic contact dermatitis, and bay berries should not be confused with the less toxic leaves (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 6688

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77109079-1

Wikidata: Q204148

Gbif: 3034015

Wikidata: Q26006

Botanical Description

Evergreen tree with smooth, aromatic, reddish-brown bark and leathery, oval leaves with three prominent longitudinal veins. Small, pale yellow-green flowers are borne in panicles, followed by small, dark, single-seeded berries. The dried inner bark, rolled into thick, dark reddish-brown quills, is the cassia cinnamon of commerce.

Height: Up to 10-15 m

Habit: Evergreen tree

Leaves: Leathery, oval, with three prominent longitudinal veins

Flowers: Small, pale yellow-green, in panicles

Stem: Smooth, aromatic, reddish-brown bark

Root: Woody root system

Fruit: Small, dark, single-seeded berry

Flowering Period: Varies with climate

Evergreen shrub or small tree with dark green, glossy, aromatic leaves, smooth-edged and slightly wavy at the margin. Small, pale yellow-green flowers are borne in clusters in the leaf axils in spring, followed by small, dark purple-black berries on female trees.^[11]

Height: 5-10 m (occasionally to 15-20 m)

Habit: Evergreen shrub or small tree

Leaves: Dark green, glossy, aromatic, smooth and slightly wavy at the margin

Flowers: Small, pale yellow-green, in axillary clusters

Stem: Woody, smooth grey-brown bark

Root: Woody root system

Fruit: Small, dark purple-black berry (female trees)

Flowering Period: Spring

Habitat

Native to southern China and mainland Southeast Asia; cultivated extensively in China, Vietnam and Indonesia on warm, humid, tropical to subtropical hillsides.

Native to the Mediterranean region; widely cultivated as a culinary herb and ornamental tree in warm-temperate and Mediterranean climates worldwide.^[11]

Harvesting

The bark is stripped from branches and stems of mature trees, then dried; as it dries it curls into the characteristic thick quills of cassia cinnamon, distinctly darker and rougher than the thin, tightly rolled quills of true (Ceylon) cinnamon.

Parts: Bark

Leaves are picked year-round from established plants and used fresh or dried; berries/seed are collected once ripe in autumn.

Parts: Fruit, Leaf, Seed

Season: Leaf year-round; fruit/seed in autumn

Traditional Uses

Cassia bark (rou gui) is a major warming spice and digestive remedy of traditional Chinese medicine, used for cold-type digestive complaints, circulation and metabolic support; its cinnamaldehyde-rich bark is now widely studied as an adjunct for blood glucose and lipid management in type 2 diabetes, directly building on this traditional metabolic reputation.^[11]

Bay leaf has an ancient Mediterranean culinary and medicinal history, used as a digestive carminative for indigestion and bloating, and topically and traditionally for muscle and joint pain and minor wounds; it remains one of the most widely used culinary herbs worldwide.^[11]

Preparations

Standardised extract/powder^[11]

Dried bark powder or standardised extract taken as capsules, the form used in most clinical glucose/lipid studies.

Infusion (leaf)^[11]

Dried leaf infused in hot water as a traditional digestive tea.

Dosage

Standardised extract/powder^[11]

Clinical trials in type 2 diabetes commonly use around 1-6 g of cassia bark powder daily; because of its coumarin content, intake should be kept modest and consistent, and true (Ceylon) cinnamon preferred for frequent medicinal use. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion^{[5, 6]}

Two clinical studies in healthy volunteers used an infusion prepared from 5 g of dried Laurus nobilis leaves in 100 mL of boiled water, taken once daily for 10 days. Traditional references suggest a smaller 1-3 g per cup up to three times daily; no EMA or WHO monograph exists for bay leaf. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-1819, REF-1820, REF-1821, REF-1822, REF-1823, REF-1824, REF-1825, REF-1826, REF-1827, REF-1828

REF-1678, REF-1679, REF-1680, REF-1681, REF-1682, REF-1683, REF-1684, REF-1685, REF-1686, REF-1687

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note^[15]Caution

Drug Class: antidiabetics

Mechanism: Cinnamon can lower blood sugar, so combining it with diabetes medicines such as insulin, metformin or sulfonylureas may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia; monitor blood glucose.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Not documented

Safety note^{[17, 18]}Dangerous

Dangerous Plant: prunus-laurocerasus

Confused Part: Glossy evergreen leaves gathered for use as bay/laurel seasoning; cherry laurel leaves closely resemble bay leaves and have been collected in mistake for them.

Confusion Context: Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is a very common evergreen hedging shrub whose thick glossy leaves closely resemble those of culinary bay (Laurus nobilis). A peer-reviewed study (Malaspina et al., 2022, Toxins) documents that in the Mediterranean region cherry laurel is sometimes collected instead of bay laurel - dangerous because cherry laurel leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides (prunasin, prulaurasin, amygdalin). When the leaves are crushed, chewed or cooked they release hydrogen cyanide, which blocks the body's use of oxygen; poisoning can cause headache, breathlessness, vomiting and convulsions, and severe cases (especially in children) can be fatal. Because a single bay-like leaf added to a dish is a realistic swap, this is a genuine kitchen hazard.

Distinguishing Features: SMELL (decisive): crush the leaf. True bay smells warm, spicy and camphoraceous (the familiar bay-leaf aroma). Cherry laurel smells of bitter almonds or marzipan - that almond smell is released cyanide and is a danger sign, not a seasoning., Leaf margin: bay leaves have smooth, slightly wavy (undulate) edges with no teeth. Cherry laurel leaves have finely serrated (toothed) edges., Petiole and glands: the bay leaf-stalk is reddish and the underside is plain. Cherry laurel has a green leaf-stalk and 2-4 small nectary glands visible on the underside near the leaf base., Shape and texture: bay is oblong and tapers to a point, up to about 10 cm; cherry laurel leaves are larger, broader (widest near the tip) and very thick and leathery.

Key Test: Crush a leaf and smell it, then check the edge. A warm camphoraceous bay aroma with a smooth wavy (untoothed) margin and a reddish stalk = true bay - safe. A bitter-almond/marzipan smell with a finely toothed (serrated) margin and small green glands under the leaf base = cherry laurel - do NOT cook with it; the almond smell is cyanide.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

Lin, C., Wu, S., Chang, C. and Ng, L (2003) 'Antioxidant activity of Cinnamomum cassia', Phytotherapy Research, 17(7), pp. 726-730. doi:10.1002/ptr.1190 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1190
Yan, Y., Fang, P., Yang, M., Li, N., Lu, Q. and Cheng, Y (2015) 'Anti-diabetic nephropathy compounds from Cinnamomum cassia', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 165, pp. 141-147. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.049 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.049
Zhang, C., Fan, L., Fan, S., Wang, J., Luo, T., Tang, Y., Chen, Z. and Yu, L (2019) 'Cinnamomum cassia Presl: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology', Molecules, 24(19), pp. 3473. doi:10.3390/molecules24193473 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193473
Li, C., Liao, L., Yang, S., Wang, L., Chen, H., Luo, P., Huang, G. and Huang, Y (2024) 'Cinnamaldehyde: An effective component of Cinnamomum cassia inhibiting Helicobacter pylori', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 330, pp. 118222. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118222 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2024.118222
Cordero-Perez, P., Hernandez-Cruz, F.E., Garza-Guzman, D., Moreno-Pena, D.P., Sanchez-Martinez, C., Torres-Gonzalez, L., Munoz-Espinosa, L.E., Zapata-Chavira, H., Cura-Esquivel, I. and Serrano-Sandoval, M.I (2024) 'Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamomum cassia Oil in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats', Pharmaceuticals, 17(9), pp. 1135. doi:10.3390/ph17091135 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091135
Zaidi, S.F., Aziz, M., Muhammad, J.S. and Kadowaki, M (2015) 'Review: Diverse pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum cassia: A review', Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(4), pp. 1433-1438. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Review%3A%20Diverse%20pharmacological%20properties%20of%20Cinnamomum%20cassia%3A%20A%20review
Lee, M.J., Seo, H.J., Hwang, G.S., Choi, S., Park, S.J., Hwang, S. and Kang, K.S (2022) 'Molecular Mechanism of Cinnamomum cassia against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds', Biomolecules, 12(4), pp. 525. doi:10.3390/biom12040525 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12040525
Han, Y., Song, M., Lee, D., Lee, S., Ahn, H., Yoo, J., Kim, H.J. and Kim, E (2023) 'Gastric Mucosal Protective Effects of Cinnamomum cassia in a Rat Model of Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury', Nutrients, 16(1), pp. 55. doi:10.3390/nu16010055 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010055
Kim, S.Y., Koo, Y.K., Koo, J.Y., Ngoc, T.M., Kang, S.S., Bae, K., Kim, Y.S. and Yun-Choi, H.S (2010) 'Platelet anti-aggregation activities of compounds from Cinnamomum cassia', Journal of Medicinal Food, 13(5), pp. 1069-1074. doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.1365 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.1365
Mamindla, S., Koganti, V.S.R.G.P., Ravouru, N. and Koganti, B (2017) 'Effect of Cinnamomum cassia on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pioglitazone', Current Clinical Pharmacology, 12(1), pp. 41-49. doi:10.2174/1574884712666170207152020 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884712666170207152020
(2021) 'Impact of Cassia Bark Consumption on Glucose and Lipid Control in Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis'. doi:10.7759/cureus.16376 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16376
Allen, R.W., Schwartzman, E., Baker, W.L., Coleman, C.I. and Phung, O.J (2013) 'Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis', Annals of Family Medicine. doi:10.1370/afm.1517 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1517
Moridpour, A.H., Kavyani, Z., Khosravi, S., Farmani, E., Daneshvar, M., Musazadeh, V. and Faghfouri, A.H (2023) 'The effect of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Phytotherapy Research, 38(1), pp. 117--130. doi:10.1002/ptr.8026 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8026
de Moura, S.L., Gomes, B.G.R., Guilarducci, M.J., Coelho, O.G.L., Guimaraes, N.S. and Gomes, J.M.G (2025) 'Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Nutrition Reviews, 83(2), pp. 249--279. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae058 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae058
Allen, R.W., Schwartzman, E., Baker, W.L., Coleman, C.I. and Phung, O.J (2013) 'Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis', Annals of Family Medicine, 11(5), pp. 452-459. doi:10.1370/afm.1517 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1517

Hammoodi, O.T., Alkhilani, M.A., Alhayani, W.A., Al-Nuaimy, W. and Tala'a, A.A (2024) 'Effects of Laurus nobilis Leaf Extract on Healing of Experimentally Induced Wounds in Rabbits', Veterinary Medicine International, 2024, pp. 2889480. doi:10.1155/2024/2889480 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2889480
Caputo, L., Nazzaro, F., Souza, L.F., Aliberti, L., De Martino, L. and Fratianni, F (2017) 'Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activities', Molecules, 22(6), pp. 930. doi:10.3390/molecules22060930 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060930
Bourebaba, N., Kornicka-Garbowska, K., Marycz, K., Bourebaba, L. and Kowalczuk, A (2021) 'Laurus nobilis ethanolic extract attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cell line through the reduction of oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis', Mitochondrion, 59, pp. 190-213. doi:10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.003 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.003
Dobroslavic, E., Repajic, M., Dragovic-Uzelac, V. and Elez Garofulic, I (2022) 'Isolation of Laurus nobilis Leaf Polyphenols: A Review on Current Techniques and Future Perspectives', Foods, 11(2), pp. 235. doi:10.3390/foods11020235 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11020235
Chbili, C., Maoua, M., Zaouali, M., Selmi, M., Kacem, I. and Mrizek, N (2022) 'Evaluation of daily Laurus nobilis tea consumption on anxiety and stress biomarkers in healthy volunteers', Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 160(3-4), pp. 136-146. doi:10.12871/000398292022343 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.12871/000398292022343
Chbili, C., Maoua, M., Selmi, M., Mrad, S., Khairi, H. and Limem, K (2020) 'Evaluation of Daily Laurus nobilis Tea Consumption on Lipid Profile Biomarkers in Healthy Volunteers', Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(8), pp. 733-738. doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1727787 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1727787
Bouadid, I., Amssayef, A. and Eddouks, M (2023) 'Study of the Antihypertensive Effect of Laurus nobilis in Rats', Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 21(1), pp. 42-54. doi:10.2174/1871525720666220512154041 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2174/1871525720666220512154041
Mohammed, R.R., Omer, A.K., Yener, Z., Uyar, A. and Ahmed, A.K (2020) 'Biomedical effects of Laurus nobilis L. leaf extract on vital organs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Experimental research', Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 61, pp. 188-197. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.051 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.051
Uchiyama, N., Matsunaga, K., Kiuchi, F., Honda, G., Tsubouchi, A. and Nakajima-Shimada, J (2002) 'Trypanocidal terpenoids from Laurus nobilis L', Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 50(11), pp. 1514-1516. doi:10.1248/cpb.50.1514 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.50.1514
Saab, A.M., Guerrini, A., Zeino, M., Wiench, B., Rossi, D. and Gambari, R (2015) 'Laurus nobilis L. Seed Extract Reveals Collateral Sensitivity in Multidrug-Resistant P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Tumor Cells', Nutrition and Cancer, 67(4), pp. 664-675. doi:10.1080/01635581.2015.1019632 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2015.1019632
Elansary HO, et al. Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activities. Biomolecules. 2018;8 (2018) ';8(3):98', 8(3). Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152719/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152719/
Fernandes F, et al. Laurus nobilis Leaves and Fruits: A Review of Metabolite Composition and Interest in Human Health. Applied Sciences. 2023;13 (2023) ';13(7):4606', 13(7). Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/7/4606 Traditional / reference
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/7/4606
Ramos C, et al. Bay Leaf. In: Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Academic Press; 2019:269-276. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7152419/ (2019) ':269-276'. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7152419/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7152419/
Singletary KW. Bay Leaf: Potential Health Benefits. Nutrition Today. 2021;55 (2021) ';55(4):184-193', 55(4). Available at: https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2021/07000/bay_leaf__potential_health_benefits.8.aspx Traditional / reference
https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2021/07000/bay_leaf__potential_health_benefits.8.aspx
University of Arizona Campus Arboretum. Medicinal Plant Virtual Tour - Bay Laurel. https://arboretum.arizona.edu/medicinal-plant-virtual-tour-bay-laurel. Available at: https://arboretum.arizona.edu/medicinal-plant-virtual-tour-bay-laurel Traditional / reference
https://arboretum.arizona.edu/medicinal-plant-virtual-tour-bay-laurel
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Malaspina, P. and Betuzzi, F. and Ingegneri, M. and Smeriglio, A. and Cornara, L. and Trombetta, D (2022) 'Risk of Poisoning from Garden Plants: Misidentification between Laurel and Cherry Laurel', Toxins, 14(11), pp. 726. doi:10.3390/toxins14110726 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110726
Henriet, M. and Auquiere, J.P. and Moens, P (1974) 'Analysis and content of hydrocyanic acid by cutting, row and organographic zone of leaves of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L)', Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique, 29(5), pp. 437-43. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4377277/ Preclinical
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4377277/

Cassia Cinnamon monograph Bay Leaf monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.