Plant Comparison

Tea vs Blackberry Leaf

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant ATeaCamellia sinensisTheaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BBlackberry LeafRubus fruticosusRosaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Tea and Blackberry Leaf: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), infection (general), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

TeaBlackberry Leaf
Constituents33
Pharmacological actions66
Indicated uses119
Safety notes22
Cited sources219
Indicated uses
Only Tea
Blood sugar / diabetes supportCardiovascular / heart healthCognitive functionMemoryMetabolic support
Shared (6)
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Infection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Blackberry Leaf
DiarrhoeaOral & throat healthSore throat
Pharmacological actions
Only Tea
Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)Neuroprotective / cognition support
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntioxidant
Only Blackberry Leaf
AntidiarrhoealAstringent

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionTeaBlackberry LeafVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain1/102/10Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)8/102/10Stronger for Tea
Infection (general)1/102/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)1/102/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation1/102/10Comparable evidence
Wounds1/102/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Catechins (EGCG, ECG) and polyphenols[1, 15]

Principal antioxidant polyphenols, most concentrated in minimally oxidised green tea; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the best studied.

CatechinsPhenolic compounds
Caffeine and theanine[1]

Caffeine gives tea its mild stimulant effect; L-theanine, a unique amino acid, is associated with calm alertness and modulates caffeine's effects.

Caffeine
Theaflavins and thearubigins[15]

Oxidative polymerisation products of catechins formed during black tea processing, contributing to black tea's colour and its own antioxidant profile.

Tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins)[8, 9]

The astringent principles of the leaf.

Tannins
Flavonoids and phenolic acids (including gallic acid)[9]

Antioxidant and antibacterial constituents.

Phenolic acidsGallic acidFlavonoids
Vitamin C and minerals (iron)[8]

Minor nutritive constituents of the leaf.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[15]
Anticancer (preclinical)[4, 5, 9, 15]
Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)[15]
Antimicrobial[8, 11, 12, 15]
Antioxidant[4, 6, 10, 15]
Neuroprotective / cognition support[6, 15]
Anti-inflammatory[4, 6, 7, 8]

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Anticancer (preclinical)[6]
Antidiarrhoeal[5, 8, 9]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Antimicrobial[5, 6, 9]
Antioxidant[4, 5, 6, 9]
Astringent[8, 9]

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Blood sugar / diabetes support[15, 17]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antidiabetic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support
Cancer (anticancer research)[5, 9]Good · 8/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 8
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cardiovascular / heart health[15, 17]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Cognitive function[15, 18]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 1
Label: Cognitive function
Infection (general)[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Memory[15, 18]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 1
Label: Memory
Metabolic support[15, 17]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Metabolic support
Skin irritation[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[8]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[6]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Diarrhoea[8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

Astringent for mild diarrhoea (tannins tighten the gut lining and reduce excess secretion)

Evidence: 2
Label: Diarrhoea
Infection (general)[9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Oral & throat health[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Oral & throat health
Skin irritation[8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[8]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle / mouthwash for sore throat and oral mucosa inflammation

Evidence: 2
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[7, 8, 9]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[15, 17, 18]Serious

Generally safe in moderate consumption. High caffeine intake may cause insomnia, anxiety, palpitations, or dependence. Large amounts of green tea extract supplements may be hepatotoxic (rare). May reduce iron absorption if consumed with meals. Avoid very high supplement doses during pregnancy.

Safety note[15, 17, 18, 19]Caution

Duke (2002) rates tea (Camellia sinensis) as ++ and notes anti-aggregant, antioxidant, anticariogenic, and antibacterial activities at the experimental level (score 1). The catechins (EGCG, ECG) and polyphenols are responsible for the antioxidant and anticancer properties under research investigation. Duke notes that green tea preserves more polyphenols than black tea due to less oxidation. Regular tea consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. Excess consumption (>10 cups daily) may cause fluoride-related bone changes. Caffeine content is relevant for sleep disturbance, anxiety, and interactions with cardiovascular medications (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[8]Info

Tannin-rich: high or prolonged intake may cause stomach upset or constipation and can reduce the absorption of iron and some medicines taken at the same time.

Safety note[8]Info

Traditional use only; diarrhoea that persists (especially in children) needs medical assessment and attention to rehydration.

External Ids

Gbif: 3189635
Wikidata: Q101815
Gbif: 8436459
Wikidata: Q13541716

Botanical Description

Evergreen shrub or small tree with glossy, dark green, leathery, finely toothed leaves. Small, fragrant, white flowers with a prominent central boss of yellow stamens are borne singly or in small clusters in the leaf axils. Commercial tea is made from the young leaves and unopened leaf buds ('sprouts'), processed differently to yield green, black, white or oolong tea from the same species.[15]

Height: 1-9 m (kept pruned to 1-1.5 m under cultivation)
Habit: Evergreen shrub or small tree, usually kept pruned as a shrub
Leaves: Glossy, dark green, leathery, finely toothed
Flowers: Small, fragrant, white, with a prominent boss of yellow stamens
Stem: Woody, branching, evergreen
Root: Deep taproot
Fruit: Woody capsule containing a few large seeds
Flowering Period: Autumn to winter

Scrambling, thorny deciduous shrub (Rosaceae) forming dense thickets, with arching prickly stems that root at the tip. Leaves are palmately compound, usually with 3-5 toothed leaflets. White to pale pink, five-petalled flowers are followed by clusters of small drupelets forming the blackberry fruit, ripening from red to glossy black.[8]

Height: Scrambling/arching canes, typically 1-3 m
Habit: Scrambling, thorny, thicket-forming shrub
Leaves: Palmately compound, usually 3-5 toothed leaflets
Flowers: White to pale pink, five-petalled
Stem: Arching, prickly, rooting at the tip
Root: Woody perennial root system
Fruit: Cluster of drupelets, ripening red to glossy black
Flowering Period: June-August

Habitat

Native to the subtropical and tropical forests and hillsides of East and South Asia (China, India, Myanmar); cultivated extensively across Asia, Africa and elsewhere on well-drained, acidic upland soils.[15]

Native throughout Europe and widely naturalised elsewhere, an aggressive coloniser of hedgerows, woodland edges, scrub and waste ground. 'Rubus fruticosus' is a taxonomically complex aggregate comprising hundreds of closely related microspecies.[8]

Harvesting

The youngest leaves and unopened leaf buds ('flush') are hand- or machine-picked repeatedly through the growing season; how the fresh leaf is subsequently processed (withered, rolled, oxidised, fixed and dried) determines whether it becomes green, black, white or oolong tea.[15]

Parts: Leaf, Young sprouts
Season: Repeated flushes through the growing season

Leaves are picked fresh throughout the growing season and dried for tea; berries are picked in late summer once fully ripe.[8]

Parts: Leaf
Season: Leaf throughout the growing season

Traditional Uses

Tea has an ancient East Asian tradition as both a beverage and a medicinal tonic, used for alertness, digestion and general wellbeing; green tea in particular has a long-standing reputation, now widely studied, as an antioxidant, cardiometabolic and cognitive-support beverage.[1, 15]

Blackberry leaf has a long European folk-medicine tradition as an astringent gargle for sore throat and mouth ulcers, and as a remedy for mild diarrhoea, reflecting its high tannin content; the berries themselves are valued as a nutritious, antioxidant-rich food.[8]

Preparations

Infusion (green tea)[15]

Young leaf, minimally oxidised, infused in hot water; the least-processed and most-studied form for antioxidant polyphenol content.

Standardised extract[15]

Concentrated leaf extract standardised to catechin (e.g. EGCG) content, taken as capsules; used in some clinical studies, though high-dose extracts carry rare hepatotoxicity concerns.

Infusion (tea)[8]

Dried leaf steeped in hot water, taken internally or used as a gargle/mouthwash.

Gargle/mouthwash[8]

A stronger leaf infusion used topically for sore throat and mouth irritation.

Dosage

Infusion[16]

The EU herbal monograph on green tea leaf (Camelliae sinensis non fermentatum folium) gives, for adults and elderly, 1.8-2.2 g of the whole or comminuted leaf in 100-150 mL of boiling water as an infusion, 3-5 times daily; a powdered herbal substance at 390 mg three times daily (up to 5 if necessary) is also listed. Contraindicated in gastric and duodenal ulcers, cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and arrhythmia, and hyperthyroidism. Not recommended under 18 years. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)[8]

Traditional guidance suggests roughly 2-4 g dried leaf per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, or used as a gargle at similar strength. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0755, REF-0756, REF-0757, REF-1960, REF-1961, REF-1962, REF-1963, REF-1964, REF-1965, REF-1966, REF-1967, REF-1968, REF-1969, REF-1970
REF-0713, REF-0714, REF-0715, REF-2548, REF-2549, REF-2550, REF-2551

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note[20, 21]Caution
Drug Class: antihypertensives
Mechanism: Green tea catechins block an intestinal uptake transporter (OATP1A2) that some blood-pressure medicines rely on for absorption. In a controlled study, drinking green tea cut blood levels of the beta-blocker nadolol by about 85% and blunted its blood-pressure-lowering effect. If you take nadolol (or other OATP-transported medicines), separate green tea from the dose by several hours and keep intake consistent; watch that your blood pressure stays controlled.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Not documented

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Mancini, E., Beglinger, C., Drewe, J., Zanchi, D. et al (2017) 'Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review', Phytomedicine, 34, pp. 26-37. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.008 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.008
  2. Musial, C., Kuban-Jankowska, A. and Gorska-Ponikowska, M (2020) 'Beneficial Properties of Green Tea Catechins', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(5), pp. 1744. doi:10.3390/ijms21051744 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051744
  3. Ohishi, T., Goto, S., Monira, P., Isemura, M. and Nakamura, Y (2016) 'Anti-inflammatory Action of Green Tea', Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 15(2), pp. 74-90. doi:10.2174/1871523015666160915154443 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1871523015666160915154443
  4. Zhao, T., Li, C., Wang, S. and Song, X (2022) 'Green Tea (Camellia sinensis): A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology', Molecules, 27(12), pp. 3909. doi:10.3390/molecules27123909 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123909
  5. Filippini, T., Malavolti, M., Borrelli, F., Izzo, A.A., Fairweather-Tait, S.J., Horneber, M. and Vinceti, M (2020) 'Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), pp. CD005004. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005004.pub3 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005004.pub3
  6. Prasanth, M.I., Sivamaruthi, B.S., Chaiyasut, C. and Tencomnao, T (2019) 'A Review of the Role of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Antiphotoaging, Stress Resistance, Neuroprotection, and Autophagy', Nutrients, 11(2), pp. 474. doi:10.3390/nu11020474 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020474
  7. Bedrood, Z., Rameshrad, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2018) 'Toxicological effects of Camellia sinensis (green tea): A review', Phytotherapy Research, 32(7), pp. 1163-1180. doi:10.1002/ptr.6063 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6063
  8. Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T (2001) 'Anti-cariogenic properties of tea (Camellia sinensis)', Journal of Medical Microbiology, 50(4), pp. 299-302. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-50-4-299 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-50-4-299
  9. Conde, V.R., Alves, M.G., Oliveira, P.F. and Silva, B.M (2015) 'Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)): a putative anticancer agent in bladder carcinoma?', Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 15(1), pp. 26-36. doi:10.2174/1566524014666141203143143 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524014666141203143143
  10. Moore, R.J., Jackson, K.G. and Minihane, A.M (2009) 'Green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins and vascular function', British Journal of Nutrition, 102(12), pp. 1790-1802. doi:10.1017/S0007114509991218 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509991218
  11. Gaur, R. and Bao, G.H (2021) 'Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Catechins from Camellia sinensis as Anti-MRSA Agents', Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 21(17), pp. 1519-1537. doi:10.2174/1568026621666210524100632 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026621666210524100632
  12. Tafazoli, A. and Tafazoli Moghadam, E (2020) 'Camellia Sinensis Mouthwashes in Oral Care: a Systematic Review', Journal of Dentistry (Shiraz), 21(4), pp. 249-262. doi:10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.83204.1045 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.83204.1045
  13. Albassam, A.A. and Markowitz, J.S (2017) 'An Appraisal of Drug-Drug Interactions with Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)', Planta Medica, 83(6), pp. 496-508. doi:10.1055/s-0043-100934 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-100934
  14. Gramza-Michalowska, A (2014) 'Caffeine in tea Camellia sinensis - content, absorption, benefits and risks of consumption', Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 18(2), pp. 143-149. doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0404-1 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0404-1
  15. Chacko, S.M. et al (2010) 'Beneficial effects of green tea: a literature review'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Beneficial%20effects%20of%20green%20tea%3A%20a%20literature%20review
  16. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2013) 'Community herbal monograph on Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, non fermentatum folium'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-camellia-sinensis-l-kuntze-non-fermentatum-folium_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-camellia-sinensis-l-kuntze-non-fermentatum-folium_en.pdf
  17. Drake, V.J (2015) 'Tea catechins and cardiovascular disease risk', 74(1), pp. 39--46. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Tea%20catechins%20and%20cardiovascular%20disease%20risk
  18. Nobre, A.C., Rao, A. and Owen, G.N (2008) 'L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state', pp. 167--168. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=L-theanine%2C%20a%20natural%20constituent%20in%20tea%2C%20and%20its%20effect%20on%20mental%20state
  19. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
  20. Misaka, S., Yatabe, J., Muller, F., Takano, K., Kawabe, K., Glaeser, H., Yatabe, M.S., Onoue, S., Werba, J.P., Watanabe, H., Yamada, S., Fromm, M.F. and Kimura, J (2014) 'Green tea ingestion greatly reduces plasma concentrations of nadolol in healthy subjects', Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 95(4), pp. 432-438. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.241 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2013.241
  21. Werba, J.P., Misaka, S., Giroli, M.G., Shimomura, K., Amato, M., Simonelli, N., Vigo, L. and Tremoli, E (2018) 'Update of green tea interactions with cardiovascular drugs and putative mechanisms', Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 26(2S), pp. S72-S77. doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.008 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.008
  1. Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Riaz, M., De Feo, V., Jaafar, H.Z.E. and Moga, M (2014) 'Rubus fruticosus L.: constituents, biological activities and health related uses', Molecules, 19(8), pp. 10998-11029. doi:10.3390/molecules190810998 Traditional / reference
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.